Erectile dysfunction predictors in hypertensives at a primary care clinic in Southern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND:  Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been described as an important public health problem by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel. It causes significant distress in men and dysfunctional family dynamics. AIM:  This study sought to identify the relationship between level of education and ED amongst hypertensive men (aged 30-89 years) attending outpatient clinics (OPCs) at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Asaba. SETTING:  This study was conducted in the OPCs at FMC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. METHODS:  After obtaining approval from the ethics and research committees in Asaba, 184 consenting hypertensive men who met the eligibility criteria were selected by systematic random sampling to participate in the study from October 2015 to January 2016. This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected with a semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaire adopted from the International Index of Sexual Health Inventory for Men. The study complied with the principles of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. RESULTS:  The mean age ± standard deviation and range of the respondents were 55.1 (±12.4) and 30-89 years, respectively. On logistic regression, higher level of education (secondary school and above) (odds ratio [OR] = 15.943, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.517-167.502) was found to be a predictor of ED amongst the study participants. CONCLUSION:  This study showed that formal education up to secondary level and use of diuretics were significantly associated with ED amongst adults with hypertension.

Sensitivity and specificity of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT CareStatTM) compared with microscopy amongst under five children attending a primary care clinic in southern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Malaria diagnosis using microscopy is currently the gold standard. However, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) were developed to simplify the diagnosis in regions without access to functional microscopy. AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of mRDT CareStatTM with microscopy. SETTING: This study was conducted in the paediatric primary care clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study for diagnostic accuracy was conducted from May 2016 to October 2016. Ninety-eight participants were involved to obtain a precision of 5%, sensitivity of mRDT CareStatTM of 95% from published work and 95% level of confidence after adjusting for 20% non-response rate or missing data. Consecutive participants were tested using both microscopy and mRDT. The results were analysed using EPI Info Version 7. RESULTS: A total of 98 children aged 3-59 months were enrolled. Malaria prevalence was found to be 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 46% - 60%), whilst sensitivity and specificity were 29% (95% CI = 20% - 38%) and 89% (95% CI = 83% - 95%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 75% (95% CI = 66.4% - 83.6%) and 53% (95% CI = 46% - 60%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Agreement between malaria parasitaemia using microscopy and mRDT positivity increased with increase in the parasite density. The mRDT might be negative when malaria parasite density using microscopy is low.

Sensitivity and specificity of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT CareStatTM) compared with microscopy amongst under five children attending a primary care clinic in southern Nigeria

Background: Malaria diagnosis using microscopy is currently the gold standard. However, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) were developed to simplify the diagnosis in regions without access to functional microscopy. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of mRDT CareStatTM with microscopy. Setting: This study was conducted in the paediatric primary care clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study for diagnostic accuracy was conducted from May 2016 to October 2016. Ninety-eight participants were involved to obtain a precision of 5%, sensitivity of mRDT CareStatTM of 95% from published work and 95% level of confidence after adjusting for 20% non-response rate or missing data. Consecutive participants were tested using both microscopy and mRDT. The results were analysed using EPI Info Version 7. Results: A total of 98 children aged 3­59 months were enrolled. Malaria prevalence was found to be 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 46% ­ 60%), whilst sensitivity and specificity were 29% (95% CI = 20% ­ 38%) and 89% (95% CI = 83% ­ 95%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 75% (95% CI = 66.4% ­ 83.6%) and 53% (95% CI = 46% ­ 60%), respectively. Conclusion: Agreement between malaria parasitaemia using microscopy and mRDT positivity increased with increase in the parasite density. The mRDT might be negative when malaria parasite density using microscopy is low