The effects of physical activity and sedentary time on the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and perceived stress in Korean adults.

This study examined adult health related factors of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017. Metabolic syndrome prevalence and perceived stress with physical activity and sedentary time were analyzed. Subjects are 4,459 over 40 year adults. The data were analyzed odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval by logistic regression analysis. First, male, moderate intensity occupational physical activity (OPA) and high intensity leisure time physical activity (LTPA) (OR, 1.337) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tended to increase. Vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 0.847), transport physical activity (TPA) (OR, 0.968), and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.927) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tends to decrease. Female, vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 1.238) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tended to increase. Moderate intensity OPA (OR, 0.878), TPA (OR, 0.875), vigorous intensity LTPA (OR, 0.691), and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.479) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tended to decrease. Male, vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 1.584), moderate intensity OPA (OR, 1.752), and vigorous intensity LTPA (OR, 1.316) between perceived stress tended to increase. TPA (OR, 0.753) and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.983) between perceived stress tended to decrease. Female, moderate intensity OPA (OR, 2.331) between perceived stress tended to increase. Vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 0.732), TPA (OR, 0.836), vigorous intensity LTPA (OR, 0.990), and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.837) between perceived stress tended to decrease.

The relationship between body shape perception and health behaviors among Korean normal-weight adolescents using Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey.

Inappropriate adolescent health behavior can be influenced by the negative impact of physical and mental health promotion. Obesity influences subjective improper weight perception. This study aimed to verify Korean normal-weight adolescents' subjective experience of weight control, mental health, physical activity, and subjective status based on their body mass index (BMI). As a result, efforts to control weight appeared less in normal-weight boys. Thin girls were less likely to carry out 60 min of physical activity 7 or 5 days per a week. Obese boys were less likely to carry out vigorous physical activity 3 days per a week. Normal-weight girls were less likely to practice muscular strength training 3 days per a week. Thin boys and thing girls were less likely to practice regular physical activity, and less likely to practice at the rate stipulated in the sedentary behavior guideline. In conclusion, boys and girls with inappropriate weight perception reported feeling stressed and depressed, and reported subjective sleep fulfillment, perceived subjective happiness, and perceived subjective health.

Effects of aquatic exercise on health-related physical fitness, blood fat, and immune functions of children with disabilities.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of aquatic exercise on the health-related physical fitness, blood fat, and immune functions of children with disabilities. To achieve the aforementioned purpose, the researchers studied 10 children with grade 1 or grade 2 disabilities who do not exercise regularly. The researchers used SPSS 21.0 to calculate the averages and standard deviations of the data and performed a paired t-test to verify the differences in averages before and after an exercise. The study showed significant differences in lean body weight, muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and muscular endurance. The researchers found statistically significant differences in triglyceride as well as in immunoglobulin G. The findings suggest that aquatic exercise affects the health-related physical fitness, blood fat, and immune functions of children with disabilities.

The effects of long-term aerobic exercise on cardiac structure, stroke volume of the left ventricle, and cardiac output.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the long-term aerobic exercises on cardiac structure, left ventricular stroke volume, and cardiac output. To achieve the purpose of the study, a total of 22 volunteers-including 10 people who have continued regular exercises and 12 people as the control group-were selected as subjects. With regard to data processing, the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation, and the difference of the means between the groups was verified through an independent t-test. As a result, there were significant differences between groups in the left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension, left ventricular end-systolic internal dimension, left ventricular end-diastolic septum thickness. There were significant differences between groups in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index per body surface area. However, in cardiac function, only left ventricular stroke volume showed a significant difference between groups.

The effects of strenuous exercises on resting heart rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of strenuous exercises on resting heart rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake. To achieve the purpose of the study, a total of 30 subjects were selected, including 15 people who performed continued regular exercises and 15 people as the control group. With regard to data processing, the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. The difference of mean change between groups was verified through an independent t-test. As a result, there were significant differences in resting heart rate, maximal heart rate, maximal systolic blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake. However, the maximal systolic blood pressure was found to be an exercise-induced high blood pressure. Thus, it is thought that a risk diagnosis for it through a regular exercise stress test is necessary.

Effect of regular swimming exercise on the physical composition, strength, and blood lipid of middle-aged women.

The purpose of this study is to define the effects of regular swimming exercise on the physical composition, physical strength, and blood lipids of middle-aged women. The subjects of this study are a total of 24 middle-aged women in the swimming group and the control group, with 12 women for each group. The swimming group performed swimming exercise for 60 min every time for 3 times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. For data processing, SPSS 21.0 statistics program was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. For the difference verification on the change in mean for each group and between the groups, paired and independent t-tests were respectively used. As a result, for physical composition, the body fat rate decreased in the swimming group. Moreover, the difference verification result showed a statistically significant difference between the groups. For physical strength, the difference verification result for each group showed that the swimming group had a statistically significant difference in flexibility and cardiovascular endurance. Moreover, the difference verification result between the groups showed a statistically significant difference only for flexibility. For blood lipids, as a result of the difference verification for each group, T-C and TG showed a significant decrease, and HDL-C, a significant increase. However, in the difference verification result between the groups, only T-C and TG showed a statistically significant difference. With these results, it is considered that regular swimming exercise is effective for improving the physical composition, physical strength, and blood lipids of middle-aged women.

Effects of participation in swimming lessons on health perception and belief.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the degree of participation in swimming lessons and the participation styles on health perception and belief. To do this, several analyses were conducted-statistical analysis, frequency analysis, factorial analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis-using SPSS 18.0. A total of 300 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and after excluding those that are considered invalid, only 278 copies were used for the study. As a result, first, for the participants for "30 min-1 h," "1 h-2 h," and "more than 2 h" in time and "2-3 times a week" and "4-5 times a week" in frequency, swimming lessons in types had a significant effect on health interest and health concern. Second, participants for "30 min-1 h" and "1 h-2 h" in time and "hard' in intensity had a significant effect on resistance and sensitivity. Third, all frequencies and intensities excluding the participants for "15 min-30 min." and "swimming lessons" in types had a significant effect on perceived benefit. Fourth, all participants for a time period did not have a significant effect on the perceived disability, but they all had a significant effect on the former in terms of frequency and intensity. This being said, however, the participating types did not have any a significant effect.

The effects of aquatic exercise on body composition, physical fitness, and vascular compliance of obese elementary students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on body composition, physical fitness, and vascular compliance of obese elementary school students. For the purpose of this study, 20 obese elementary students were selected as subjects. The subjects were then divided into two groups: the swimming group (n= 10) and the control group (n= 10). The subjects were asked to exercise for 60 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks with an exercise intensity of 50-70% HRmax. The following results were achieved: first, in terms of body composition, both body fat percentage and fat-free mass showed significant differences within the swimming group. There were also significant differences again in the posttest of difference between the two groups. Second, in terms of changes in physical fitness, there were, again, no significant changes in muscular strength between the two groups. However, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance showed significant differences in the swimming group's test for difference within groups. Significant differences in both groups for the posttest of differences between groups were also seen. Third, in terms of vascular compliance, there was a significant increase in the right leg for the swimming groups' test of difference within groups, as well as in the posttest of difference between groups.

The effects of combined exercise intervention on body composition and physical fitness in elderly females at a nursing home.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of practicable combined exercise program in daily lives on body composition and physical fitness in elderly females. A total of 34, old female adults and all over 75 yr of age participated in this study. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC win 12.0/pc for by paired simple T-test. Alpha was set at .05. The results of the study showed statistical significance in weight (P< 0.001), body fat mass (P< 0.001), waist-hip ratio (P< 0.001), basal metabolic rate (P< 0.05), body mass index (P< 0.001), standing-up and down on a chair (P< 0.001) and showed not statistically significant in one leg standing with eyes closed, back hand holding, grip strength and emotional state. But it was found that there was significant change in a mean value between pre and post test.

The effects of health perception on living health belief, living satisfaction and wellbeing-oriented activities according to swimming participation with middle-aged women.

This study aims to examine the effects of health perception on health belief, life satisfaction, and wellbeing-oriented activities according to swimming participation with middle-aged women. First, the subvariables of health perception, health interest and health concern, did exert significant effects on the subvariables of health belief, perceived benefit and perceived disability. Health interest and health concern also showed significant effects on the subvariables of life satisfaction and wellbeing-oriented activities, exercise orientation and hobby orientation, as well. Second, the subvariables of health perception, resistance and sensitivity, indicated significant effects on the subvariable of health belief, perceived disability, and they also showed significant effects on life satisfaction, too. Also, resistance-sensitivity had significant effects on the subvariables of wellbeing-oriented activities, mental health orientation and hobby orientation, too.

Effects of peripheral injury in athletes with long-term-exercise participation in modern pentathlons.

This study was conducted to verify the effect of the ankle injury of athletes who attended the modern pentathlon for a long-term basis on ankle muscle's strength and proprioceptive sensory function. For this, 10 athletes of the modern pentathlon, with experience of having damaged one side of their ankles within 6 months, and 10 healthy male college students, who have similar personal characteristics, such as height, age, and weight and have no experience of participating in regular sports for 3 or more times a week. The experimental subject was divided into 3 groups in all. After the flexor power of the plantar and dorsal side and the muscle strength of the varus and valgus for an ankle were measured by the Biodex System III at an angular velocity of 60°/sec and 120°/sec, it was documented as the maximum couple of force per body weight. Also, specified receptive senses were measured by the Biodex System III using the stop button to find the position (angle) of the joint. As a result of the conclusive research, participation in modern pentathlons for a long-term basis has caused an increase in valgus muscle strength and flexor power of the plantar side of the ankle when compared to general college students. Sports-related injury of the ankle was also found to result into the weakening of the flexor power on the plantar side and valgus muscle strength and a decrease of the proprioceptive sensory function.