RESUMO
We compared the bone strength measured via quantitative computed tomography-based finite element method (QCT/FEM) between healthy adults with and without ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). No statistically significant difference was observed in the bone strength between healthy adults with and without OPLL. Hyperostosis of the posterior longitudinal ligament in OPLL may not be associated with the systemic bone strength. INTRODUCTION: Although patients with OPLL have been reportedly associated with increased level of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), little is known about the bone strength in OPLL subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate the bone strength measured via QCT/FEM in healthy subjects with OPLL using the medical check-up data, including whole-body CT scans. METHODS: We examined 796 participants (529 men and 267 women) who underwent CT scans in a single health center between January 2008 and May 2009. We identified OPLL in whole spine and divided the subjects into two groups: non-OPLL and OPLL groups. We calculated the predicted bone strength (PBS) of the proximal femur using QCT/FEM and examined the bone mineral status of the calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). We compared the PBS and the QUS parameters between the non-OPLL and OPLL groups. RESULTS: Seventy-four subjects (9.3%; 57 men and 17 women) were diagnosed with OPLL in the whole spine. The OPLL group was significantly older than the non-OPLL group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the PBS and the QUS parameters between the non-OPLL and OPLL groups in both sexes. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was noted in the PBS and the QUS parameters between two groups in age- and gender-matched analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hyperostosis of the posterior longitudinal ligament in OPLL may not be associated with bone strength and bone mineral status at the extremities.
Assuntos
Fêmur/fisiologia , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adulto , Densidade Óssea , Feminino , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Ligamentos Longitudinais/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , OsteogêneseRESUMO
Notch activity regulates tumor biology in a context-dependent and complex manner. Notch may act as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene even within the same tumor type. Recently, Notch signaling has been implicated in cellular senescence. Yet, it remains unclear as to how cellular senescence checkpoint functions may interact with Notch-mediated oncogenic and tumor-suppressor activities. Herein, we used genetically engineered human esophageal keratinocytes and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to delineate the functional consequences of Notch activation and inhibition along with pharmacological intervention and RNA interference experiments. When expressed in a tetracycline-inducible manner, the ectopically expressed activated form of Notch1 (ICN1) displayed oncogene-like characteristics inducing cellular senescence corroborated by the induction of G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest, Rb dephosphorylation, flat and enlarged cell morphology and senescence-associated ß-galactosidase activity. Notch-induced senescence involves canonical CSL/RBPJ-dependent transcriptional activity and the p16(INK4A)-Rb pathway. Loss of p16(INK4A) or the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) E6/E7 oncogene products not only prevented ICN1 from inducing senescence but permitted ICN1 to facilitate anchorage-independent colony formation and xenograft tumor growth with increased cell proliferation and reduced squamous-cell differentiation. Moreover, Notch1 appears to mediate replicative senescence as well as transforming growth factor-ß-induced cellular senescence in non-transformed cells and that HPV E6/E7 targets Notch1 for inactivation to prevent senescence, revealing a tumor-suppressor attribute of endogenous Notch1. In aggregate, cellular senescence checkpoint functions may influence dichotomous Notch activities in the neoplastic context.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Receptor Notch1/metabolismo , Proteína do Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Transformação Celular Viral , Células Cultivadas , Senescência Celular , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Esôfago/citologia , Esôfago/metabolismo , Humanos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the protective effects of oral administration of milk fermented with a Lactococcus strain against influenza virus (IFV) infection in a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Milk fermented with exopolysaccharide-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (L. cremoris) FC was orally administered to BALB/c mice for 12 days. Mice were intranasally infected with IFV A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) on day 8, and survival was determined for 14 days after IFV infection. Survival rate and body weight loss after IFV infection in the L. cremoris FC fermented milk-administered group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group. In the unfermented milk-administered group, survival rate was not improved, whereas body weight loss was slightly improved compared with that in the control group. The mean virus titre in the lung of the L. cremoris FC fermented milk-administered group 3 days after infection was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that oral administration of milk fermented with L. cremoris FC protects mice against IFV infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results demonstrate that oral administration of milk fermented with exopolysaccharide-producing Lactococcus strains might protect host animals against IFV infection.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Leite , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Feminino , Fermentação , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/virologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Leite/metabolismo , Leite/microbiologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
We evaluated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) on the remodelling of callus in a rabbit gap-healing model by bone morphometric analyses using three-dimensional quantitative micro-CT. A tibial osteotomy with a 2 mm gap was immobilised by rigid external fixation and LIPUS was applied using active translucent devices. A control group had sham inactive transducers applied. A region of interest of micro-CT was set at the centre of the osteotomy gap with a width of 1 mm. The morphometric parameters used for evaluation were the volume of mineralised callus (BV) and the volumetric bone mineral density of mineralised tissue (mBMD). The whole region of interest was measured and subdivided into three zones as follows: the periosteal callus zone (external), the medullary callus zone (endosteal) and the cortical gap zone (intercortical). The BV and mBMD were measured for each zone. In the endosteal area, there was a significant increase in the density of newly formed callus which was subsequently diminished by bone resorption that overwhelmed bone formation in this area as the intramedullary canal was restored. In the intercortical area, LIPUS was considered to enhance bone formation throughout the period of observation. These findings indicate that LIPUS could shorten the time required for remodelling and enhance the mineralisation of callus.
Assuntos
Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Calo Ósseo/fisiologia , Consolidação da Fratura/fisiologia , Terapia por Ultrassom/métodos , Animais , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Coelhos , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodosRESUMO
The current study was performed to clarify the effects of GHRH treatment on milk production and plasma hormones and metabolites in lactating Japanese Black cows (a beef breed) under negative energy balance (EB). Ten multiparous lactating beef cows were offered a normal-energy diet daily (110% of ME requirements for maintenance and lactation) until 5 d in milk (DIM) to standardize the cows before dietary treatment. From 6 DIM to the final days (63 DIM) of the experiment, the cows were allotted to experimental dietary treatments: 5 cows were offered a diet formulated for 130% [high-energy diet (HED)] and the remaining 5 cows were offered a diet formulated for 80% [low-energy diet (LED)] of ME requirements for maintenance and lactation. In addition, all cows received daily subcutaneous injections of 3 mg of bovine GHRH from 36 to 56 DIM (GHRH treatment period). Differences in BW of HED- and LED-fed cows at 63 DIM were +28.4 and -7.2 kg compared with BW at 6 DIM, and HED- and LED-fed cows were under positive EB (+23.7 MJ/d) and negative EB (-11.6 MJ/d) throughout the experiment period. Treatment with GHRH increased (P<0.01) the average daily milk yield to 6.2 kg in HED-fed cows compared with a milk yield of 5.3 kg for 7 d before the GHRH treatment period (pretreatment period); LED-fed cows had no increase in milk production from GHRH treatment. Plasma GH, IGF-1, insulin, and glucose concentrations increased (P<0.05) after GHRH treatment in both HED- and LED-fed cows; GHRH treatment also induced an increase (P<0.05) in the net area under the curve of plasma insulin after glucose challenge in both HED- and LED-fed cows. Plasma urea N concentrations were decreased (P<0.05) by GHRH treatment in HED-fed cows, but not in LED-fed cows. Plasma NEFA concentration was unaffected by GHRH treatment in both HED- and LED-fed cows. We conclude that GHRH treatment of lactating Japanese Black cows stimulates endogenous GH and subsequent IGF-1 secretion and might induce an increase in insulin resistance, irrespective of EB; however, compared with lactating dairy cows, both galactopoietic and lipolytic effects of GHRH might be insufficiently exerted under negative EB in lactating beef cows.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Hormônios/sangue , Hormônios/farmacologia , Lactação/efeitos dos fármacos , Leite/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/administração & dosagem , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de InsulinaRESUMO
For reliable diagnosis of porcine teschovirus (PTV) infection we created an RT-PCR-based molecular strategy for serotyping that encompassed the dominant neutralizing antigenic site of PTV, followed by phylogenetic analyses of amplicons. We identified neutralizing antigenic sites of PTV-1 Talfan strain through epitope mapping of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), using synthetic peptides spanning the capsid proteins. All 11 MAbs obtained recognized peptides in the EF loop ("puff") of VP2 protein. Two MAbs concurrently reacted to peptides, one in the GH loop of VP1 and one in the VP1 C terminus. Three-dimensional modeling of Talfan capsid protein predicted exposure of all these sites on the virion surface in a close line centered around puff. We then designed a single pair of degenerate primers to VP2 and amplified the region of approximately 320 bp encompassing puff in 8 PTV prototype strains and 6 field isolates. Phylogenetic analyses of the puff sequences of 11 prototype strains and 34 field isolates obtained from databanks showed that all homotypic strains (both field and prototype) were always monophyletic, except for one 'untypable' Japanese strain. This RT-PCR-based strategy appears to be a reliable surrogate for serotyping and could facilitate the diagnosis and epidemiological study of PTV infection.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/imunologia , Epitopos/química , Epitopos/genética , Testes de Neutralização/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sorotipagem/métodos , Teschovirus/classificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/química , Antígenos Virais/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/química , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Primers do DNA , Mapeamento de Epitopos , Epitopos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos/síntese química , Peptídeos/imunologia , Filogenia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/diagnóstico , Alinhamento de Sequência , Teschovirus/imunologiaAssuntos
Íleo/patologia , Neoplasias Intestinais , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinais/patologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Mammalian Aurora-A is related to a serine/threonine protein kinase that was originally identified by its close homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ipl1p and Drosophila melanogaster aurora that are key regulators in the orchestration of mitotic events. The protein level of Aurora-A, its peak kinase activity during mitosis, and its activation have been attributed to phosphorylation. Here we show that this enzyme is an arginine-directed kinase and define its substrate specificity. We also found that Thr288 within the activation loop is a critical residue for activating phosphorylation events in vitro and that it is spatiotemporally restricted to a brief window at mitosis on duplicated centrosomes and on spindle microtubules proximal to the poles in vivo. Immunodepletion assays indicated that an upstream kinase(s) of Aurora-A might exist in mammalian cells in addition to autophosphorylation. Furthermore, human activated Aurora-A forms complexes with the negative regulator protein serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 (PP1) that was negatively phosphorylated on Thr320. Interestingly, phospho-specific Aurora-A monoclonal antibodies restrain Aurora-A kinase activity in vitro, providing further therapeutic avenues to explore.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Aurora Quinases , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fosforilação , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/imunologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Major histocompatibility complex class II deficient (Aalpha0/0) mice have decreased CD4+ T cells, making them immunologically similar to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both patients with AIDS and Aalpha0/0 mice have hypertrophic gastric folds. To clarify the mechanism of gastric mucosal hyperplasia, we investigated the pathophysiology and the role of the innate immunity in the stomach of Aalpha0/0 mice. METHODS: Stomachs from 1-6 month old Aalpha0/0 mice, kept under specific pathogen free conditions, were examined at 1 month intervals histologically and immunohistochemically. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the gastric mucosa was investigated. Serum gastrin levels and gastric acidity were measured. Bacterial culture of the stomach was performed. To clarify the roles of hypergastrinaemia in the gastric mucosa, a gastrin receptor antagonist (AG041R) was administered. RESULTS: Aalpha0/0 mice had a diffusely thick corpus mucosa with infiltration of CD11b+ granulocytes and macrophages. Anti-Ki67 staining demonstrated expansion of the proliferating neck zone. Gene expression of interleukin 1beta, interferon gamma, TLR-2, TLR-4, and COX-2 were upregulated, and MPO activity was increased. Only a small amount of non-pathogenic bacteria was detected in the stomach. Serum gastrin levels and Reg-Ialpha positive cells in the gastric mucosa increased, despite normal gastric acidity. After treatment with AG041R, gastric mucosal thickness was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Persistent activation of innate immunity in the stomach induced gastric mucosal hyperplasia through upregulation of gastrin synthesis in Aalpha0/0 mice, suggesting a pathophysiology similar to the gastric changes in patients with AIDS.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/imunologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Genes MHC da Classe II , Regulação para Cima , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Animais , Citocinas/imunologia , Gastrinas/sangue , Gastrinas/genética , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hiperplasia , Imunidade Inata , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Imunofenotipagem , Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Animais , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
In 1985--2002, surveillance for bovine arboviruses was conducted in Kagoshima, located in the most southern part of the main islands of Japan and known to be an area where bovine arboviral diseases have frequently been epidemic. Culicoides biting midges were collected in a cowshed by light traps. A total of 456,300 Culicoides biting midges representing 13 species were collected, and a portion of each pool of midges were tested for virus isolation. Overall, 85 isolates of six different viruses were obtained from the collected midges. The isolated viruses included two Orthobunyaviruses, Akabane and Aino viruses; three Orbiviruses, Chuzan, D'Aguliar, and Ibaraki viruses; and one unclassified virus, a bunyavirus-like virus. The viruses were most frequently isolated from Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (85.9% of 85 isolates). Isolations of all viruses except for the bunyavirus-like virus were made from this species. Our data indicated that C. oxystoma is a potential vector for bovine arboviruses in southern Japan.
Assuntos
Arbovírus/isolamento & purificação , Ceratopogonidae/virologia , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Animais , Infecções por Arbovirus/veterinária , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , JapãoRESUMO
Ten multiparous lactating Japanese Black cows (beef breed) were used to evaluate the effects of bovine growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog on milk yield and profiles of plasma hormones and metabolites. The cows received 2 consecutive 21-d treatments (a daily s.c. injection of 3-mg GHRH analog or saline) in a 2 (group) x 2 (period) Latin square crossover design. The 5 cows in group A received GHRH analog during period 1 (from d 22 to 42 postpartum) and saline during period 2 (from d 57 to 77 postpartum), and those in group B received saline and GHRH analog during periods 1 and 2, respectively. Mean milk yield decreased in saline treated compared with that during the 1-wk period before treatment 7.4 and 19.1% during periods 1 (group B) and 2 (group A), respectively. Treatment with GHRH analog increased milk yield 17.4% (period 1, group A) and 6.3% (period 2, group B). Treatment with GHRH analog induced higher basal plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, and glucose compared with saline-treated cows. In glucose challenge, the GHRH analog-treated beef cows had greater insulin secretion than the saline-treated beef cows. In insulin challenge, however, there were no significant differences in the areas surrounded by hypothetical lines of basal glucose concentrations and glucose response curves between GHRH analog- and saline-treated cows. These results demonstrate that GHRH analog treatment facilitates endogenous GH secretion in lactating Japanese Black cows, leading to increases in milk yield and plasma concentrations of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Lactação/efeitos dos fármacos , Leite/metabolismo , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/análogos & derivados , Injeções Subcutâneas/veterinária , Insulina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Lactação/sangue , Lactação/metabolismo , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
In 1999, two viruses were isolated from blood samples of sentinel cattle in the Western part of Japan. The physiochemical and morphological properties of these viruses indicated that they belonged to the family Bunyaviridae. Sequence analysis of the S segment indicates that the two viruses are closely related to Sathuperi virus (SATV). The N-terminal 168 amino acid of the G2 protein of the M segment was highly homologous with that of SATV (98.2%). Given these results, we conclude that the newly isolated viruses are closest to SATV, which was initially isolated in India and Nigeria over 30 years ago.
Assuntos
Vírus Simbu/classificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Bovinos , Japão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sorotipagem , Vírus Simbu/genética , Vírus Simbu/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
YDA filler is an antibacterial agent that is currently in commercial dental use. In this study, we attempted to determine whether it exerts an antibacterial effect on human saliva bacteria, and to determine whether it can be used in dental materials. CFUs in 1 mL stimulated human saliva were examined using blood agar and mitis salivarius agar after immersion, with or without YDA filler. The antibacterial effect was compared with that of Ketac-Silver. Dental materials containing 5% wt YDA filler were prepared for in vitro testing on S. mutans and A. viscosus. Furthermore, we examined the in vitro cytotoxicity of experimental MMA resin containing YDA filler on HeLa cells. Human saliva bacteria and mutans streptococci showed reduced viability following exposure to YDA filler after 12 h. The concentration of silver ions released by YDA filler was below 1 ppm after 12 h. Two tested strains showed reduced viability following exposure to dental materials containing YDA filler. In another experiment, MMA resin containing YDA filler did not show cytotoxicity on HeLa cells after 24- and 48-h exposure. Thus, YDA filler may help in the development of antibacterial dental materials, such as composite resin, glass-ionomer or temporary cement.
Assuntos
Alumínio/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fósforo/farmacologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Actinomyces viscosus/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Resinas Compostas/uso terapêutico , Cimentos Dentários/uso terapêutico , Células HeLa/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Prata/análise , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the technical advances of recent years, the number of operative manipulations in the abdominal cavity by laparoscopic surgery is now considered to be the same as that using classical open surgery. The question has been raised whether laparoscopic colorectal surgery with lymphadenectomy improves the recovery compared to open surgery. METHODS: We compared patients' physical activity for 7 days postoperatively as measured with an accelerometer between laparoscopic-assisted colorectal resection (LAC, n = 32) and classical open colorectal surgery (OC, n = 30). RESULTS: Physical activity expressed as cumulative acceleration was significantly higher in the LAC than in the OC group on each postoperative day. The recovery time, defined as the day on which the cumulative acceleration recovered to 90% of the preoperative level, was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) in the LAC (3.4 +/- 1.2 days) than in the OC group (6.8 +/- 1.7 days). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the duration of convalescence with LAC was significantly shorter than that with the OC procedure. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery appears to allow an earlier recovery after the operation than the classical open procedure, and it is less invasive as assessed by convalescence.
Assuntos
Aceleração , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparotomia/efeitos adversos , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Atividade Motora , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Idoso , Convalescença , Defecação , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Excisão de Linfonodo/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Resultado do Tratamento , CaminhadaRESUMO
The present study evaluates juvenile stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) as an animal model of a developmental disorder, which is diagnosed according to hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention. To characterize behavioural alterations, we studied motor activity, as well as emotional and cognitive behaviours in juvenile SHRSP, with and without methylphenidate, a psychostimulant. Ambulatory and rearing activities in the open-field environment were significantly higher in SHRSP than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In the elevated plus maze task, the entries into open arms, as an index of impulsivity, were significantly increased in SHRSP. In the Y-maze task, spontaneous alternation behaviour, as an index of attention, was significantly lowered in the male SHRSP, but not in the female SHRSP, indicating that spontaneous alternation deficit is gender specific. Methylphenidate (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated locomotor hyperactivity at low doses and dose-dependently improved the spontaneous alternation deficit in SHRSP. Our findings reveal that juvenile SHRSP manifest problematic behaviours resembling a developmental disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention. Methylphenidate alleviated the behavioural symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention. We propose that juvenile SHRSP are an appropriate animal model of a developmental disorder resembling ADHD, from behavioural and pharmacological perspectives.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Animais , Nível de Alerta/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Metilfenidato/farmacologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos , Ratos Endogâmicos WKYRESUMO
The normal kinetics of ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) during the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes were examined. The phosphorylation states of RSK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), major mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in maturating porcine oocytes, were detected by Western blotting analysis. The S6 protein kinase activity was assayed using a specific substrate peptide which contained the major phosphorylation sites of S6 kinase. Full phosphorylation of RSK was correlated with ERK phosphorylation and was observed before germinal vesicle breakdown. S6 kinase activity was low in both freshly isolated and 20 h cultured oocytes. S6 kinase activity was significantly elevated in matured oocytes to a level about 6 times higher than that in freshly isolated oocytes. Furthermore, full phosphorylation of RSK was inhibited when oocytes were treated with U0126, a specific MAP kinase kinase inhibitor, in dose-dependent manner, indicating that RSK is one of the substrates of MAP kinase. These results suggest that the activation of RSK is involved in the regulation of meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes.
Assuntos
Oócitos/citologia , Oogênese , Proteínas Quinases S6 Ribossômicas/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Ativação Enzimática , Cinética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Meiose/fisiologia , Oócitos/enzimologia , Fosforilação , SuínosRESUMO
The viruses were isolated from the blood of sentinel cattle and Culicoides biting midges in the Kyushu district, southwestern Japan, in 1999 and identified by neutralization tests as Peaton (PEA) viruses. Before this study, PEA virus had been isolated in Australia only. The nucleotide identity of the nucleocapsid (N) protein encoded by the S segment ranged from 91.1 to 91.6% between the Australian and Japanese strains. A phylogenetic analysis of the N protein sequence revealed that the PEA virus strains are closely related to Aino (AIN) virus and suggested reassortment events for PEA and AIN viruses.