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1.
Yakugaku Zasshi ; 143(9): 757-763, 2023.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37661441

RESUMO

Cooperative care between hospitals and community pharmacies is important to safe and effective pharmacotherapy for outpatients. We developed a protocol comprising three agreements about alternative drugs and dosing schedules with the aim of minimizing inquiries about prescriptions to doctors. The protocol was implemented under an agreement between core hospitals in Gifu City and community pharmacy members of the Gifu City Pharmaceutical Association from October 2019. Here, we examined the impact of this protocol on patient waiting time in pharmacies. Before introduction of the protocol, median patient waiting time for questionable prescriptions requiring an inquiry to a doctor was significantly longer than that for prescriptions not requiring an inquiry (23.0 min vs. 10.0 min, p<0.001). After introduction of the protocol, median time for prescriptions which were questionable but nevertheless under the protocol did not require an inquiry to a doctor was significantly reduced compared with those which were questionable and still did require an inquiry (15.0 min vs. 24.0 min, p=0.038). In conclusion, introduction of a protocol aimed at minimizing inquiries about prescriptions to doctors from a community pharmacy was useful in reducing the waiting time of patients, and also likely in decreasing the working times of medical doctors and pharmacists.


Assuntos
Farmácias , Farmácia , Médicos , Humanos , Listas de Espera , Hospitais
2.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes ; 128(4): 231-238, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30974473

RESUMO

AIMS: A questionnaire survey of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was recently conducted in Japan. A subgroup analysis to examine the association of periodontal disease with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with diabetes and prediabetes was conducted. METHODS: The association of the presence of periodontal disease with the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 27 016 subjects who completed a survey at 217 community pharmacies, 5 572 had diabetes or prediabetes, among whom 522 and 1 421 had retinopathy or periodontal disease, respectively. Therapy duration≥10 years (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.17-3.43, P<0.001), periodontal disease (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.68-2.62, P<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.32-2.04, P<0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of retinopathy, while retinopathy (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.: 69-2.63, P<0.001) and therapy duration ≥10 years (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.46, P=0.007) were significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease. The prevalence of retinopathy was much higher in diabetic subjects with periodontal disease than in those without it (15.1% vs. 7.8%, P<0.001). Notably, the difference of prevalence of retinopathy between subjects with and without periodontal disease was statistically significant even at HbA1c 6.0-6.9% (15.2% vs. 7.3%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the target HbA1c level for diabetes patients with periodontal disease may be set lower than for those without it, and that regular dental visits should be prescribed for the management of periodontal disease and the prevention of diabetic retinopathy.


Assuntos
Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Retinopatia Diabética/sangue , Retinopatia Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência
3.
Diabetol Int ; 10(3): 188-197, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31275785

RESUMO

AIMS: A number of epidemiologic surveys have demonstrated that improving lifestyle habits, providing patient education, and regular screening of patients for early diabetic symptoms and complications through multidisciplinary collaboration are crucial for the management of diabetes. METHODS: To evaluate the Diabetes Coordination Notebook and the Diabetes Regional Coordination Path in management of diabetes, 217 community pharmacies conducted a survey by questionnaire in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. RESULTS: A reply to the questionnaire was obtained from 27,016 individuals, of whom 5,572 claimed to have diabetes or prediabetes. The rate of usage of the Diabetes Coordination Notebook and the Diabetes Regional Coordination Path was 40% and 7%, respectively. Interestingly, patients using the Diabetes Regional Coordination Path more frequently visited an ophthalmic clinic (p < 0.001) and a dental clinic (p < 0.05) than those not using it. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that use of the Diabetes Regional Coordination Path was the only factor associated with control of HbA1c < 7.0% (OR: 0.613, 95% CI: 0.395-0.951, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: The usage of the Diabetes Regional Coordination Path together with the Diabetes Coordination Notebook is associated not only with regular visits to both an ophthalmic clinic and a dental clinic but also with the maintenance of appropriate HbA1c.

4.
Carbohydr Res ; 351: 74-80, 2012 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22341504

RESUMO

ß-Maltose monohydrate was transformed into an anhydrous form by ethanol-mediated method under several temperatures with agitation. A new stable anhydrous form of ß-maltose (Mß(s)) was obtained, as substantiated by the X-ray diffraction patterns. Mß(s) obtained by this method presented a fine porous structure, resulting in greater specific surface area compared to those of ß-maltose monohydrate and anhydrous ß-maltose obtained by vacuum drying (Mß(h)). The crystal transformation presumably consisted of two steps: dehydration reaction from the hydrous to amorphous forms and crystal formation from the amorphous forms to the noble anhydrous form. The kinetics of these reactions were determined by thermal analysis using Jander's equation and Arrhenius plots. The overall activation energies of the dehydration reaction and the formation of anhydrous maltose were evaluated to be 100 and 90 kJ/mol, respectively.


Assuntos
Etanol/química , Maltose/química , Cristalização , Cristalografia por Raios X , Isomerismo , Cinética , Propriedades de Superfície , Temperatura , Água/química
5.
Carbohydr Res ; 342(6): 819-25, 2007 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17286968

RESUMO

The crystal transformation of dihydrate trehalose to anhydrous trehalose was investigated using ethanol and a new type of crystal particle with porous structure could be obtained. The specific surface area of the anhydrous crystal transformed at 50 degrees C was 3.3 m(2)/g, with a median pore diameter of 0.21 microm, and void volume of 0.22 mL/g. The crystal transformation was monitored by measuring the crystal moisture content. The crystal transformation rates could be correlated with the Avrami equation, using the mechanism parameter n=11.5, suggesting that the change of surface area occurred during crystal transformation from dehydrate to anhydrous trehalose. The apparent activation energy of the crystal transformation was 132 kJ/mol.


Assuntos
Etanol/química , Transição de Fase , Trealose/química , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Cristalização , Cinética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Água/química , Difração de Raios X
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