The Process of Home-Visiting Nurses Supporting People with Mental Disorders.

The number of people with mental disorders (PMD) living in the community is increasing; however, it is unclear how home-visiting nurses (HVNs) supporting them in the community acquire their support skills. This study aimed to reveal the process of how HVNs learn support skills for PMD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 HVNs supporting PMD living in the community. The grounded theory approach was used for data analysis. As a result, two stages were present: "Explore the personal recovery of PMD" and "Believe in the potential of PMD and accompanying them". The first stage is further divided into two themes: "Overlapping the worlds of PMD and HVNs", and "Easing difficulty in living for PMD". In the first stage, HVNs gained a better understanding of PMD and obtained insight into the support they needed in their daily lives. In the second stage, HVNs became to provide the support that PMD truly needed. HVNs gained a deeper understanding of the reality of PMD through their support. After HVNs found the support PMD required, they sought to provide it, ultimately resulting in finding ways to facilitate the personal recovery of PMD.

Factors that facilitate multigenerational exchanges in regional locations: a cross-sectional study in Niigata City, Japan.

BACKGROUND: In the process of community building, it is important to create a place for multigenerational exchanges. To promote multigenerational exchanges in regional locations, it is essential to clarify whether such exchanges are related to government infrastructure, regional characteristics, and social capital, and how these exchanges contribute to community building. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with representatives from 455 Chiiki no Cha-no-Ma (literal translation "community living room," and hereafter "Cha-no-Ma") in Niigata City, Japan. Responses were received from 405 representatives (response rate: 89.0 %), and 401 agreed to participate (4 declined). The survey details included basic information (e.g., date each location was established, frequency of meetings, number of caretakers and participants, qualifications of the representative), activities reflecting local culture, a social capital scale, the effects of the Cha-no-Ma implemented by the representative (12 items), challenges for management (16 items), and the implementation of multigenerational exchanges. RESULTS: Most of the age groups that participated in the Cha-no-Ma were elderly, and multigenerational exchanges took place in 125 locations (31.5 %). Items that had a significant connection to the implementation of multigenerational exchanges were "Frequency of meetings" (p < 0.001) and "Activities reflecting local culture" (p = 0.026). Binomial logistic regression analysis indicated that a high frequency of meetings was associated with the implementation of multigenerational exchanges (Odds ratio = 3.839). There was a significantly higher ratio of implementation of multigenerational exchanges when the effects were a "connection with the region" (p = 0.006) and "conversations with different generations" (p = 0.004), and when the challenge was "no support from residents" (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Cha-no-Ma participation is low among young people. The following ideas can be considered in order to increase multigenerational exchanges in regional locations. These exchanges may be promoted by increasing the frequency of meetings with qualified personnel and by adding activities that reflect local culture, such as festivals and making local foods. This community-based study clearly indicates that implementing multigenerational exchanges is an important activity for community building because it is related to connection within the community.