RESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe epidemiological findings of ocular trauma in childhood in an emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out including patients under 16 years old who were treated for ocular trauma at the emergency unit of the Federal University of São Paulo from September 2001 to September 2004. Age, sex, involved eye, place, circumstance and mechanism of injury, initial visual acuity and immediate management were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 273 patients were included in the study. The age group comprising most cases was 7 to 10 years (39.9%). The most frequent cause of ocular injury was traumatism by external agents like stone, iron and wood objects (27.9%). The commonest place was the home (53.1%). Initial visual acuity was over 20/40 in 63.4% of cases. Closed globe injury occurred in 201 (73.6%) accidents. Seventy-six children (27. 8%) were treated with medicines and in forty-eight (17.6%) cases surgery was necessary. CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma in childhood was more frequent in the male schoolchild and was due mostly to traumatism with agents like stone, wood and iron pieces, domestic utensils and leisure objects. The injuries occurred most frequently at home. Closed globe injuries predominated. Programs of education and prevention for ocular trauma in childhood are necessary.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Acidentes Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Tratamento de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Oculares/etiologia , Traumatismos Oculares/terapia , Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índices de Gravidade do Trauma , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe epidemiological findings of ocular trauma in childhood in an emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out including patients under 16 years old who were treated for ocular trauma at the emergency unit of the Federal University of São Paulo from September 2001 to September 2004. Age, sex, involved eye, place, circumstance and mechanism of injury, initial visual acuity and immediate management were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 273 patients were included in the study. The age group comprising most cases was 7 to 10 years (39.9 percent). The most frequent cause of ocular injury was traumatism by external agents like stone, iron and wood objects (27.9 percent). The commonest place was the home (53.1 percent). Initial visual acuity was over 20/40 in 63.4 percent of cases. Closed globe injury occurred in 201 (73.6 percent) accidents. Seventy-six children (27. 8 percent) were treated with medicines and in forty-eight (17.6 percent) cases surgery was necessary. CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma in childhood was more frequent in the male schoolchild and was due mostly to traumatism with agents like stone, wood and iron pieces, domestic utensils and leisure objects. The injuries occurred most frequently at home. Closed globe injuries predominated. Programs of education and prevention for ocular trauma in childhood are necessary.
OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados epidemiológicos do trauma ocular na infância em uma unidade de emergência. MÉTODOS: Em estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados prontuários de pacientes menores que 16 anos que foram atendidos por trauma ocular no Pronto-Socorro de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo de setembro de 2001 a setembro de 2004. Foram coletadas informações a respeito da idade, sexo, olho envolvido, local, circunstância e mecanismo do trauma, acuidade visual inicial e conduta imediata. RESULTADOS: Um total de 273 pacientes foi incluído no estudo. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi a de 7 a 10 anos (39,9 por cento). A causa mais freqüente de lesão ocular foi traumatismo com objetos externos como pedra, ferro ou madeira (28,9 por cento) e o local mais comum foi a própria casa (53,1 por cento). A acuidade visual inicial foi melhor que 20/40 em 63,4 por cento dos casos. Houve trauma ocular fechado em 201 (73,6 por cento) acidentes. Setenta e seis pacientes (27,8 por cento) foram tratadas com medicamentos e em quarenta e oito (17,6 por cento) casos foi necessário procedimento cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: O trauma ocular na infância foi mais freqüente no sexo masculino, em escolares e foi associado a objetos tais como pedra, madeira, ferro, utensílios domésticos e brinquedos. Os acidentes aconteceram mais freqüentemente em casa e trauma fechado foi a lesão predominante. São necessários programas de educação e prevenção do trauma na infância.