RESUMO
Potyvirus diseases are one of the main challenges facing the production of yam (Dioscorea spp.). The objective of this study was to identify the potyviruses present in the Dioscorea spp. germplasm collection at Instituto de Investigaciones de Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT) to establish methodologies for the characterization of the associated diseases. For this purpose, immunochemical and molecular methods were used to identify the potyviruses present. The symptomatology of Dioscorea spp. at INIVIT's germplasm collection was described. In addition, the severity and incidence in the germplasm collection and production areas were evaluated. As a result, the first report of yam mosaic virus (Potyvirus yamtesselati) and yam mild mosaic virus (Potyvirus yamplacidum) in Cuba is presented. The existence of resistant, tolerant, and susceptible cultivars to potyvirus-associated diseases in the germplasm collection was detected, and the incidence of these diseases was higher than 64% in the production areas evaluated. This study represents a step forward in the establishment of certification programs for propagating material of Dioscorea spp. in Cuba.
RESUMO
Fundamento: la formación investigativa es fundamental en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Tiene como finalidad generar científicos que respondan a las necesidades sociales del siglo XXI. Objetivo: caracterizar la formación investigativa en profesionales de las ciencias médicas y especialidades afines incorporados a proyectos sobre la temática diabetes y embarazo en la línea de investigación "Estudios en biomodelos experimentales de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles" y en estrecho vínculo docencia-universidad-sociedad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal del proceso de formación investigativa de los estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado vinculados a proyectos sobre diabetes y embarazo, desde la Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2012 y 2022. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico y empírico. La información resultante del análisis documental se procesó cualitativamente y se presentó como explicación descriptiva. Resultados: a través de la incorporación de 16 estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado a nueve proyectos de investigación, se estableció un equipo de trabajo con una adecuada pirámide investigativa. Los resultados científicos generaron dos trabajos de diploma, 10 tesis de especialidades médicas, dos maestrías y dos doctorados que fueron difundidos en 14 revistas arbitradas. Se desarrollaron competencias y valores durante el proceso de formación investigativa. Conclusiones: la formación investigativa del equipo de investigación sobre diabetes y embarazo se caracterizó por la integración de sus miembros a proyectos, obtención y divulgación de resultados científicos, y formación de competencias y valores que han permitido consolidar la relación docencia-investigación-sociedad.
Background: research training is essential in the teaching-learning process. Its purpose is to generate scientists who respond to the social needs of the 21st century. Objective: to characterize the research training of professionals in the medical sciences and related specialties incorporated into projects on the subject of diabetes and pregnancy in the research line "Studies in experimental bio-models of chronic non-transmissible diseases" and in a close relationship among teaching-university-society. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study of the research training process of undergraduate and postgraduate students linked to projects on diabetes and pregnancy was carried out, from the Biomedical Research Unit of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from 2012 to 2022. Methods of the theoretical and empirical level were used. The information resulting from the documentary analysis was qualitatively processed and presented as a descriptive explanation. Results: through the incorporation of 16 undergraduate and graduate students to nine research projects, a working team was established with an adequate research pyramid. The scientific results generated two diploma papers, 10 medical specialty theses, two master's degrees, and two doctorates that were published in 14 peer-reviewed journals. Competences and values were developed during the investigative training process. Conclusions: the investigative training of the research team on diabetes and pregnancy was characterized by the integration of its members into projects, the obtaining and dissemination of scientific results, and the formation of skills and values that have allowed the consolidation of the teaching-research-society relationship.
Assuntos
Pesquisa , Projetos de Pesquisa , Estudantes de Medicina , Comunicação , Educação MédicaRESUMO
Introducción: los cítricos constituyen un género de plantas rico en contenido de fenoles y flavonoides, metabolitos secundarios que debido a su efecto antioxidante y baja toxicidad, han recibido en los últimos años mucha atención como potenciales fármacos. Objetivos: determinar la actividad antioxidante in vitro y la toxicidad frente a Artemia salina L. de extractos hidroalcohólicos de hojas de Citrus aurantium L. var. sinensis L.; Citrus aurantium L.; Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle; Citrus latifolia (Tanaka ex Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka; Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae). Métodos: los extractos etanólicos y metanólicos se obtuvieron mediante extracción por ultrasonido y se caracterizaron fitoquímicamente; se determinó la concentración total de fenoles y flavonoides. La actividad antioxidante se halló mediante la capacidad atrapadora de radicales libre y el poder reductor. La toxicidad se evaluó mediante el bioensayo de letalidad sobre Artemia salina. Resultados: en los extractos etanólicos se encontró mayor presencia de compuestos químicos que en los extractos metanólicos. La mayor concentración de fenoles totales se obtuvo en el extracto metanólico de Citrus reticulata y de flavonoides totales en el extracto etanólico de Citrus aurantifolia y Citrus reticulata, en ambos solventes. Todos los extractos mostraron actividad antioxidante mediante las 2 pruebas ensayadas. Los extractos presentaron toxicidad moderada frente Artemia salina, siendo el extracto metanólico de Citrus latifolia el de menor toxicidad (LC50 = 464,24 µg/mL). Conclusiones: se evidenció la presencia de fenoles y clases de flavonoides, la actividad antioxidante de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de Citrus spp. y su moderada toxicidad frente a Artemia salina(AU)
Introduction: citrus fruits constitute an important source of flavonoids and phenols. The latter are secondary metabolites extensively studied in the last few years on account of their antioxidant effect and low toxicity and of their potentialities as pharmaceuticals. Objectives: to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity and toxicity against Artemia salina of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from leaves of Citrus aurantium L. var. sinensis L.; Citrus aurantium L.; Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle; Citrus latifolia (Tanaka ex Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka, Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae). Methods: the ethanol and methanol extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction method, and characterized using phytochemistry assays; the total amount of phenols and flavonoids was also determined. The antioxidant activity was estimated by the free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The toxicity of the extracts was evaluated against Artemia salina. Results: the amount of chemical compounds was higher in ethanol than in methanol extracts. The highest concentration of total phenols was found in methanol extract from Citrus reticulate where that of total flavonoids was seen in the ethanolic extracts from Citrus aurantiifolia and Citrus reticulate, in both solvents. The extracts showed antioxidant activity after the two tests. All the extracts presented moderate toxicity against Artemia salina, being the methanol extract from Citrus latifolia the least toxic (LC50= 464.24 µg/mL). Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from Citrus spp. leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina(AU)
Assuntos
Citrus/química , Antioxidantes/análiseRESUMO
Introducción: los cítricos constituyen un género de plantas rico en contenido de fenoles y flavonoides, metabolitos secundarios que debido a su efecto antioxidante y baja toxicidad, han recibido en los últimos años mucha atención como potenciales fármacos. Objetivos: determinar la actividad antioxidante in vitro y la toxicidad frente a Artemia salina L. de extractos hidroalcohólicos de hojas de Citrus aurantium L. var. sinensis L.; Citrus aurantium L.; Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle; Citrus latifolia (Tanaka ex Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka; Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae). Métodos: los extractos etanólicos y metanólicos se obtuvieron mediante extracción por ultrasonido y se caracterizaron fitoquímicamente; se determinó la concentración total de fenoles y flavonoides. La actividad antioxidante se halló mediante la capacidad atrapadora de radicales libre y el poder reductor. La toxicidad se evaluó mediante el bioensayo de letalidad sobre Artemia salina. Resultados: en los extractos etanólicos se encontró mayor presencia de compuestos químicos que en los extractos metanólicos. La mayor concentración de fenoles totales se obtuvo en el extracto metanólico de Citrus reticulata y de flavonoides totales en el extracto etanólico de Citrus aurantifolia y Citrus reticulata, en ambos solventes. Todos los extractos mostraron actividad antioxidante mediante las 2 pruebas ensayadas. Los extractos presentaron toxicidad moderada frente Artemia salina, siendo el extracto metanólico de Citrus latifolia el de menor toxicidad (LC50 = 464,24 µg/mL). Conclusiones: se evidenció la presencia de fenoles y clases de flavonoides, la actividad antioxidante de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de Citrus spp. y su moderada toxicidad frente a Artemia salina
Introduction: citrus fruits constitute an important source of flavonoids and phenols. The latter are secondary metabolites extensively studied in the last few years on account of their antioxidant effect and low toxicity and of their potentialities as pharmaceuticals. Objectives: to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity and toxicity against Artemia salina of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from leaves of Citrus aurantium L. var. sinensis L.; Citrus aurantium L.; Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle; Citrus latifolia (Tanaka ex Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka, Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae). Methods: the ethanol and methanol extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction method, and characterized using phytochemistry assays; the total amount of phenols and flavonoids was also determined. The antioxidant activity was estimated by the free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The toxicity of the extracts was evaluated against Artemia salina. Results: the amount of chemical compounds was higher in ethanol than in methanol extracts. The highest concentration of total phenols was found in methanol extract from Citrus reticulate where that of total flavonoids was seen in the ethanolic extracts from Citrus aurantiifolia and Citrus reticulate, in both solvents. The extracts showed antioxidant activity after the two tests. All the extracts presented moderate toxicity against Artemia salina, being the methanol extract from Citrus latifolia the least toxic (LC50= 464.24 µg/mL). Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from Citrus spp. leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina