RESUMO
A 25-year-old man with a left testicular tumor underwent a high inguinal orchiectomy. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed tumors of more than one histological type, mixed forms (seminoma, immature teratoma). Further evaluation revealed no metastasis (pT1N0M0S1 Stage IS).Four months after orchiectomy, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated.CT scan revealed retroperitoneal masses of recurrent tumor. Although the AFP returned to normal level after four courses of BEP (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin), the retroperitoneal lymph nodes continued to grow. He underwent excision of the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed mature teratoma.Few reports examined about the development mechanism of growing teratoma syndrome (GTS). We considered that the development mechanism of GTS in this case is induction of differentiation. In this case report, we discuss the development mechanism of GTS based on bibliographical consideration.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Seminoma/patologia , Seminoma/cirurgia , Teratoma/patologia , Teratoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Orquiectomia , Seminoma/diagnóstico , Síndrome , Teratoma/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , alfa-FetoproteínasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Survivin has been implicated in inhibition of apoptosis. To date, alternatively spliced isoforms, Survivin-2alpha, -2B, -DeltaEx3, -3B, have been described. We assessed the effect of survivin gene expression on the proliferation of renal cancer (RCC) cells, and studied the association of survivin and its spliced isoform gene expression levels with the clinical stage of RCC. METHODS: Gene expression of survivin and its spliced isoform in RCC cells, Caki-1, were performed by RT-PCR. We knocked down the gene expression of Survivin using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and assessed the cell proliferation by MTS assay. Next, we quantified the gene expression levels of survivin and its isoform in nephrectomy samples using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: In Caki-1 cells, survivin and survivin-2alpha, -2B were expressed higher than survivin-DeltaEx3. Decrease of Survivin gene expression by transfection of siRNA was accompanied by inhibition of the proliferation of Caki-1 cell with 36% decrease in comparison with negative control transfected cells (p<0.01). In clinical RCC tissues, survivin expression levels in metastatic stage were significantly higher compared with those in distant metastasis stage (M0:M1=1:4.81, p=0.014); survivin 2B gene expression levels in pT3 tumors were associated significantly higher than those in pT1 (pT1:pT3=1:4.50, p=0.043). No significant differences were found in survivin-2alpha expression levels and the ratio of survivin-2B/survivin gene expression levels among any clinical stages. CONCLUSION: We first demonstrated the gene expression of survivin-2alpha in renal cancer cells, and also showed that survivin and its spliced isoforms had associations with renal cancer cell proliferation and distant metastases.
Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/genética , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Proliferação de Células , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Isoformas de Proteínas , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Taxa de Sobrevida , Survivina , Transfecção , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis plays important roles in pathogenesis in human cancer. We assessed the relationship between clinical features of renal cell cancer (RCC) and PlGF levels in relation to VEGF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma PlGF and VEGF levels were measured in patients with renal cell cancer. The levels of these angiogenetic factors were analyzed in relation to clinical parameters. RESULTS: PlGF and VEGF levels in patients with RCC were significantly higher than those in non-cancer controls. PlGF levels were significantly associated with histological grade and total tumor vascularity (TTV), and VEGF levels were significantly associated with T, M stage, histological grade, venous invasion and TTV. Multivariate analysis showed plasma PlGF was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that plasma PlGF levels were significantly associated with the clinical features of RCC, especially prognostic significance.
