Responses of trace elements to aerobic maximal exercise in elite sportsmen.

Trace elements are chemical elements needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. In biochemistry, a trace element is also referred to as a micronutrient. Trace elements, such as nickel, cadmium, aluminum, silver, chromium, molybdenum, germanium, tin, titanium, tungsten, scandium, are found naturally in the environment and human exposure derives from a variety of sources, including air, drinking water and food. The Purpose of this study was investigated the effect of aerobic maximal intensity endurance exercise on serum trace elements as well-trained individuals of 28 wrestlers (age (year) 19.64±1.13, weight (Kg) 70.07 ± 15.69, height (cm) 176.97 ± 6.69) during and after a 2000 meter Ergometer test protocol was used to perform aerobic (75 %) maximal endurance exercise. Trace element serum levels were analyzed from blood samples taken before, immediately after and one hour after the exercise. While an increase was detected in Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo) and Titanium (Ti) serum levels immediately after the exercise, a decrease was detected in Aluminum (Al), Scandium (Sc) and Tungsten (W) serum levels. Except for aluminum, the trace elements we worked on showed statistically meaningful responses (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). According to the responses of trace elements to the exercise showed us the selection and application of the convenient sport is important not only in terms of sportsman performance but also in terms of future healthy life plans and clinically.

Influence of training frequency on serum concentrations of some essential trace elements and electrolytes in male swimmers.

Elemental fluctuations during physical performances have been a point of interest. This study was designed to investigate the effect of swimming frequency on serum concentrations of some trace elements (chromium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium) and electrolytes (sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium). Three groups of different-level male swimmers were included in the study, as elite swimmers (n = 14), amateur swimmers (n = 11), and sedentary individuals (n = 10). Elite and amateur swimmer groups followed a 3-week training program. At the end of the period, all volunteers were subjected to a controlled swimming test, and blood samples were collected at the beginning of (pre-test), immediately after (post-test), and 1 h after this activity. Element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a dilute and shoot procedure. Apart from the swimming test applied, pre-test calcium and potassium levels were higher in elite swimmers compared to amateurs and controls. The difference in pre-test levels of these elements can be associated with adaptive mechanisms emerged by the frequent training. Regarding the test applied, changes in magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, and selenium levels exhibited a common pattern in all study groups, with higher post-test serum concentrations. Another point of note was a drop of copper, zinc, and selenium levels at 1 h after the test in elite swimmers. The decrease in serum zinc was also observed in the other groups. Results highlight the value of regular control of elemental status to provide insight into transient effects and deficiencies.

Effect of acute maximal aerobic exercise upon the trace element levels in blood.

This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of acute maximal aerobic exercise on the copper and zinc levels in blood. The study was participated by 16 healthy male university students with an average age of 19.44+/-1.63. There were 5 cc blood samples taken from the participants before and after they had been subjected to aerobic loading process (20 m shuttle run). The copper and zinc levels in the blood samples were determined by the use of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) technique. The data obtained were evaluated by simple t test and SPSS software. The results revealed the fact that the blood Zn levels of the participants increased and Cu levels decreased with statistical significant extent (p<0.01) after maximal aerobic loading. There found no correlation between the maximal aerobic power levels (Max VO2) of the participants and their resting copper and zinc blood levels. However blood zinc and Max VO2 levels of the participants were positively correlated after maximal aerobic loading. The participants were fed on a zinc and copper free diet six week prior to the program. They were also asked not to use copper and zinc containing vitamins during this period.

The change of blood Pb levels of basketball players after strenuous exercise.

This study is related to the investigation of the Pb levels in blood of the 12 healthy University male basketball players before and after a strenuous training session by the use of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Although the results do not show acute lead intoxication it is obvious that blood lead levels show significant increase after training sessions. The average increase in blood lead levels is 297%. This increase is largely due to increased respiration rate during the training period.