Privacy-preserving and robust watermarking on sequential genome data using belief propagation and local differential privacy.

MOTIVATION: Genome data is a subject of study for both biology and computer science since the start of the Human Genome Project in 1990. Since then, genome sequencing for medical and social purposes becomes more and more available and affordable. Genome data can be shared on public websites or with service providers (SPs). However, this sharing compromises the privacy of donors even under partial sharing conditions. We mainly focus on the liability aspect ensued by the unauthorized sharing of these genome data. One of the techniques to address the liability issues in data sharing is the watermarking mechanism. RESULTS: To detect malicious correspondents and SPs-whose aim is to share genome data without individuals' consent and undetected-, we propose a novel watermarking method on sequential genome data using belief propagation algorithm. In our method, we have two criteria to satisfy. (i) Embedding robust watermarks so that the malicious adversaries cannot temper the watermark by modification and are identified with high probability. (ii) Achieving ϵ-local differential privacy in all data sharings with SPs. For the preservation of system robustness against single SP and collusion attacks, we consider publicly available genomic information like Minor Allele Frequency, Linkage Disequilibrium, Phenotype Information and Familial Information. Our proposed scheme achieves 100% detection rate against the single SP attacks with only 3% watermark length. For the worst case scenario of collusion attacks (50% of SPs are malicious), 80% detection is achieved with 5% watermark length and 90% detection is achieved with 10% watermark length. For all cases, the impact of ϵ on precision remained negligible and high privacy is ensured. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: https://github.com/acoksuz/PPRW\_SGD\_BPLDP. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Physicochemical properties of cold pressed sunflower, peanut, rapeseed, mustard and olive oils grown in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Fatty acid composition and stability of vegetable oils have taken more attention as an essential source of biologically active compounds in a good balanced diet. The purpose of the study was to determine peroxide value, free fatty acids, unsaponifiable matter, total carotenoid content, iodine value and fatty acid composition of sunflower, rapeseed, mustard, peanut and olive oils. Rapeseed and peanut oils had the highest peroxide values, while sunflower oil had the lowest peroxide values. The free fatty acid value of the tested oils varied between 0.43 and 1.36% oleic. The peanut oil had the highest free acid value and the mustard oil had the lowest one. Total carotenoid contents of mustard and rape seed oil were higher than those of the other oils tested. Palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) were the common main fatty acid components of the vegetable oils tested. Followed by linoleic acid, the amount of oleic acid was the highest among other fatty acid components. Mustard oil had the highest erucic acid (C22:1) with the amount of 11.38%, indicating that it cannot be used for human consumption. Among the oils investigated, sunflower and mustard oils were more stable than rapeseed, peanut and olive oils.

Levels of heavy metals in some commercial fish species captured from the Black Sea and Mediterranean coast of Turkey.

The distribution of some heavy metals in the muscle tissue of Merlangius merlangus (whiting), Mullus barbatus (red mullet), Engraulis encrasicholus (anchovy) from Black and Mediterranean Seas were studied. The highest Al (95.313 microg/g dw), Mn (1.390 microg/g dw), Zn (25.416 microg/g dw) concentration was detected in E. encrasicholus from Black Sea; the highest Li (3.200 microg/g dw) concentration was detected in E. encrasicholus from Mediterranean Sea; the highest Cd (1.685 microg/g dw) concentration was detected in M. merlangus from Mediterranean Sea; the highest Ni (1.363 microg/g dw) concentration was detected in M. merlangus from Black Sea; the highest Pb (0.727 microg/g dw) concentration was detected in M. barbatus from Black Sea and the highest Cr (1.893 microg/g dw), Fe (21.901 microg/g dw) concentration was detected in M. barbatus from Mediterranean Sea.