[Blood triboluminescence in patients with cancer of the proximal stomach and esophagus]. / Triboliuminestsentsiia krovi bol'nykh rakom proksimal'nogo otdela zheludka i pishchevoda.

Total triboluminescence, i.e. optic radiation induced as a result of mechanic activation of venous blood in a TPA-2 triboluminometer, was measured in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia and esophagus, and in healthy subjects. The parameter was assessed in control water samples, too. In the 252-649 nm range, five bands of emission were registered with peaks at 262, 280, 360, 422 and 649 nm subject to variation in certain segments of blood spectrum. Triboluminescence of the venous blood at 280 nm determines for the total triboluminescence registered in the entire spectrum. The triboluminescence of capillary blood at 302 and 418 nm calculated using K coefficient facilitates differentiating between inflammation and cancer. This express test takes less than 1 minute and requires a small blood sample (0.02 ml). The accuracy proved 88%.

[A method for the combined treatment of cancer of the esophagus and cardia by using intensive preoperative gamma teletherapy and intracavity hyperthermia]. / Metodika kombinirovannogo lecheniia raka pishchevoda i kardii s primeneniem intensivnoi predoperatsionnoi telegammaterapii i vnutripolostnoi gipertermii.

Local intracavitary hyperthermia and simultaneous intensive-concentrated irradiation were used in 23 patients with esophageal cancer and 64 cases of cardioesophageal malignancy prior to surgery. The procedure for thermometry is described. Hyperthermia was carried out after the second and fifth (out of six) radiation fractions, thermotolerability being taken into account. Complete and partial response rate was 72.7% in the study group compared to 56.5% in controls. The volume fraction of viable parenchyma dropped to 2.1 +/- 0.2% (16.6 +/- 1.5% in controls) whereas the injury index according to Lavnikova rose to 95.0% (58.7% in controls).

[Choice of the method in the surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic part of the esophagus]. / Vybor metoda khirurgicheskogo lecheniia raka grudnogo otdela pishchevoda.

The optimal approaches to the choice of the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus are discussed from analysis of 425 operations. Louis' operation providing for a convenient approach for a rather high resection of the esophagus with one-stage esophagogastric anastomosis is recommended in localization of the tumor in the inferior third of the esophagus. Garlock's operation is indicated only in low localization of the carcinoma (diaphragmatic and supradiaphragmatic segments). In carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus Dobromyslov-Torek's operation is indicated only for elderly and debilitated patients; in the remaining cases a one-stage intervention (Louis' operation) is recommended. An original modification of esophagogastric anastomosis is suggested.

[An individualized approach to the treatment of recurrences of cancer of the stomach]. / Individualizirovannyi podkhod k lecheniiu retsidov raka zheludka.

The observations on 54 patients with a gastric cancer recurrence and 121 patients with the gastric cancer recurrence passing to the esophagus are presented. The time of the onset, clinical manifestations, histologic structure, location of recurrences were analysed. The results of surgical, combined and conservative (with the use of local SHF-hyperthermia and artificial hyperglycemia) treatment are presented. The effectiveness of the therapy performed is shown.

[Scintigraphy of the normal esophagus and a tumor lesion]. / Stsintigrafiia pishchevoda v norme i pri ego opukholevom porazhenii.

Esophageal scintigraphy with labeled liquid and solid food (water solution of radioactive colloid and mixture of egg with radioactive colloid coagulated by heating) was performed in 34 patients without a history of esophageal diseases permitting qualitative and quantitative characterization of normal motor evacuatory function of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Altogether 46 patients with esophageal cancer and stomach cancer with esophageal involvement were investigated before therapy. In cancer of the esophagus its function failed with relation to a tumor site and was in direct proportion to a stage of tumor spreading. The method permitted the determination of the level of a pathological focus, a degree of esophageal permeability, quantification of a degree of esophageal dysfunction, the improvement of functional diagnosis of the esophagus and LES, and the determination of motor disorders at the earliest stages of tumor development.

[Suppression of the proliferative activity in in vivo tissue culture of esophageal and stomach tumor cells during preoperative irradiation]. / Ugnetenie proliferativnoi aktivnosti v kul'ture tkani in vivo kletok opukholei pishchevoda i zheludka pri predoperatsionnom obluchenii.

Pathomorphological changes and indices of proliferative ability of tumour tissue in the esophagus and in the cardia are studied in 14 patients after and without the preoperative irradiation following its cultivation in diffuse chambers. The tissue was implanted into the abdominal cavity of 84 rats. Inhibition of the mitotic activity and synthesis of DNA in cell nuclei as well as the impairment of the formation processes typical of the unirradiated blastomas of the same histological structure in the tissue culture in vivo evidence for a pronounced effect of irradiation.

[Scintigraphy in cancer of the esophagus]. / Stsintigrafiia pri rake pishchevoda.

Esophagoscintigraphy with labeled liquid and solid food was performed in 34 patients without subjective complaints and signs of disease of the esophagus in the patient history permitting the determination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of normal motor-evacuatory function of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) under the most physiological conditions using mixtures of labeled natural food ingredients as compared to routine methods. In esophageal transit time (ETT) over 5 sec., a clearance value below 87.2% and passage rate below 21.6% for liquids, and ETT over 9 sec., a clearance value of 86.6% and passage rate less than 11.39% respectively for solid food disorders of esophageal and/or LES motor function were noted. Normal oropharyngeal time was 1.5-2 sec. A total of 46 patients with esophageal cancer and stomach cancer with the involvement of the esophagus before treatment were examined. In cancer of the esophagus its function depended on a tumor site and stage. In order to raise diagnostic sensitivity dynamic esophagoscintigraphy should be performed using liquid and solid food because during liquid passage a study with a hard bolus of patients with severe esophageal dysfunction showed that in 36.9% of the patients the quantitative and qualitative indices were within normal. Radionuclide methods permit the determination of the level of a pathological focus, a degree of esophageal permeability, quantitative characterization of a degree of disorder of esophageal function in order to raise the functional diagnosis of the esophagus and LES, and the determination of motor disorders at the earliest stages of tumor development.

[Relation of spontaneous chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence and resistance of blood serum in patients with cancer of the proximal part of the stomach and esophagus]. / Vzaimosviaz' spontannoi khemiliuminestsentsii, élektrokhemiliuminestsentsii i soprotivleniia syvorotki krovi bol'nykh rakom proksimal'nogo otdela zheludka i pishchevoda.

The levels of spontaneous chemoluminescence of serum in patients with cancer of the proximal part of the stomach and the esophagus were found to be 2-6 times the age-connected norm. The said concentrations decreased by half following radiation treatment, to rise by 75% after surgery. At later periods after surgery, chemoluminescence levels dropped almost to normal unless complications developed. However, in patients with gastroesophageal cancer, the level of spontaneous chemoluminescence remained high over a long period of time. Variation patterns were identical, with an amplitude being significantly lower. Changes in blood serum resistance were insignificant. Scale factor K varied in the range of 6-66. In cases of purulent complications, spontaneous chemoluminescence levels showed a sharp rise, the values of K exceeding 75. This pattern made it easier to differentiate between inflammatory lesions and neoplasia.

[Radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen, gastrin and immunoglobulin E in evaluating different methods of treatment of patients with esophageal and stomach cancer]. / Radioimmunologicheskii analiz rakovo-émbrional'nogo antigena, gastrina i immunoglobulina E v otsenke razlichnykh metodov lecheniia bol'nykh rakom pishchevoda i zheludka.

A radioimmunoassay of the carcinoembryonic antigen, gastrin and immunoglobulin E was performed in the blood serum of more than 300 esophageal and gastric cancer patients. It has been noted that the CEA study makes it possible to determine the severity of disease and may serve as a yard-stick of radical therapy. Hypogastrinemia develops in 82-84% of patients with tumors of these sites. The gastrin level after therapy depends on the nature and type of antitumor therapy. An increase in the IgE level is a risk factor which makes it possible to identify patients with an "unfavorable" or complicated course of disease and to determine, to some extent, prognosis, to control therapeutic measures in combined treatment. The use of the radioimmunoassay for CEA, gastrin and IgE in the combined study of esophageal and gastric cancer patients allows one to evaluate the patients's status before treatment and to determine their response to tumor therapy.

[Spontaneous blood serum chemiluminescence in detecting recurrences and metastases of cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach and esophagus]. / Spontannaia khemiliuminestsentsiia syvorotki krovi pri vyiavlenii retsidivov i metastazov raka proksimal'nogo otdela zheludka i pishchevoda.

The report deals with the results of examination of 48 healthy donors and 261 patients suffering from malignant tumors of cardia and esophagus, 84 patients after radical surgery included. Spontaneous chemoluminescence (CL) of blood serum was shown to depend on the general condition of the patient and tumor involvement before treatment: there is a direct correlation between these factors and luminescence intensity. Therefore, CL may be used as a laboratory test providing necessary information for developing treatment modality for each individual case. Within 0.5-60 months after radical treatment, the rise in the intensity of blood serum CL (60-100% and more) was registered in cases of pyo-inflammatory complications (peritonitis, mediastinitis, pleural empyema, etc.) and recurrence and metastatic spreading. A rise in CL intensity by more than 50% and a steady tendency to further increase may be interpreted as a pointer to recurrence or metastasis development.

[Microcirculation in cancer of the esophagus and cardial portion of the stomach under combined therapy]. / Mikrotsirkuliatsiia u bol'nykh rakom pishchevoda i kardial'nogo otdela zheludka pri kombinirovannoi torapii.

Under study was the status of microcirculation in surgical and combination treatment (with radiotherapy) in patients with cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia. The method of isotope semiresorption from the muscle depot (64) of patients and the arterio-venous difference for water after the technic of V. P, Kaznacheev and A. A. Dzizinski (26 patients) were employed. The state of microcirculation was found to be dependent on the degree of emaciation, preoperative telegamma therapy and the postoperative complications. The mostly impaired microcirculation was noted in emaciated patients with developing complication who were subjected to radiotherapy.

[Spontaneous blood serum chemiluminescence in patients with cancer of the esophagus and proximal portion of the stomach]. / Spontannaia khemiliuminrstsentsiia syvorotki krovi bol'nykh rakom pishchevoda i proksimal'nogo otdela zheludka.

Based on the maternal pertaining to 193 patients with cancer of the esophagus and proximal gastric portion, 22 patients with non-tumor diseases of the stomach and esophagus, 19 donors (aged 18-25 years) and 10 practically healthy subjects aged 34-67 years, it was found that tumor invasion of the stomach body and the presence of such aggravating factors as grade IV dysphagia, inflammatory complications etc. are associated with a significantly increased intensity of serum chemiluminescence. Anesthesia and other factors as a concomitant of surgery reduce considerably the level of blood serum chemiluminescence during the operation, whereas an intensive postoperative therapy retains its initial level. The development of complications during the operation and after it is accompanied with 1.5--2 times or more increased luminescence. Radical surgical and combined treatment would condition the normalization of the luminescence. Radiation treatment first increases and then decreases the luminescence down to normal values.