RESUMO
Sheep flocks from Hokkaido, Iwate and Aomori, three northern prefectures of Japan, were screened for antibodies to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma agalactiae by ELISA. Sixty four animals out of 246 (26%) were seropositive to M. ovipneumoniae, with positive results obtained from all three prefectures. None of the sera tested were serologically positive to M. agalactiae.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Mycoplasma agalactiae/fisiologia , Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae/fisiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Infecções por Mycoplasma/sangue , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/sangue , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Dose responses of plasma calcitriol, calcium (Ca), bone metabolic markers and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were evaluated in four nonpregnant Holstein cows treated subcutaneously with an aqueous formulation of calcitriol at four doses in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. Calcitriol, Ca, and markers of bone metabolism were analyzed in plasma samples. GFR was measured in predose and day 5 samples. Plasma calcitriol and Ca concentrations increased dose-dependently. The calcitriol dose was positively correlated with the area under the concentration-time curve of plasma calcitriol. Bone formation markers tended to increase from day 3 onward for all doses. No significant changes in GFR were noted. Thus, exogenous calcitriol administered between 0.0625 and 0.5 µg/kg body weight elicited dose-dependent increases in both plasma calcitriol and Ca and elevated bone formation markers without affecting renal function in nonpregnant cows.
Assuntos
Calcitriol/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Bovinos/fisiologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatase Ácida/sangue , Animais , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Calcitriol/sangue , Calcitriol/farmacocinética , Cálcio/sangue , Bovinos/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangue , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxiprolina/sangue , Isoenzimas/sangue , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/fisiologia , Osteocalcina/sangue , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a TartaratoRESUMO
To develop a simple procedure for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in calves, a three-sample method using iodixanol was first compared to that using the standard agent inulin. Iodixanol and inulin were co-administered intravenously to calves at 40 mg I/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and blood was collected 30, 60, 120, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were separately determined by high performance liquid chromatography and colorimetry. Serum urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations were also measured. GFR estimated by iodixanol was consistent with that using inulin in clinically healthy calves. Based on GFR estimations in healthy calves and those renal-loaded with iodixanol, it was found that the serum creatinine concentrations became elevated when GFR decreased to 60% of the reference value. In contrast, serum UN concentrations fluctuated widely, presumably due to extra-renal factors. When GFR was estimated using the three-sample method and compared with the single-blood-sample method, 62/69 (90%) of samples tested were within the agreement plots. The results demonstrated that the single-blood-sample method using iodixanol may be useful in monitoring GFR in calves.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Meios de Contraste , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Inulina , Testes de Função Renal/métodos , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/veterinária , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Meios de Contraste/farmacocinética , Creatinina/sangue , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Furosemida/sangue , Furosemida/farmacocinética , Injeções Intravenosas/veterinária , Inulina/administração & dosagem , Inulina/sangue , Inulina/farmacocinética , Testes de Função Renal/veterinária , Masculino , Modelos Estatísticos , Valores de Referência , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/sangue , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Ovine sera collected from the northern Prefectures of Hokkaido, Iwate and Aomori in Japan, were examined for the presence of antibodies against visna-maedi virus using the agar gel immunodiffusion test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Three animals (1.12%), out of 267 samples tested, were found to be seropositive to the visna-maedi antigens in both tests. Levels of infection were found in flocks from Hokkaido and Iwate Prefectures, but not in the Aomori Prefecture. Nucleic acid detection by polymerase chain reaction on serum samples did not give positive results. Although no diagnostic measures were in place, the infection could not be related to losses in sheep production or to reduced survival rates. The very limited visna-maedi distribution indicates a highly favourable condition for the application of eradication strategies in this area.
Assuntos
Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Vírus Visna-Maedi , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Japão/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , OvinosRESUMO
The first epidemiological survey of Border disease virus (BDV) was undertaken in small ruminants in Japan. Ovine sera, collected from the northern prefectures of Hokkaido, Aomori and Iwate, were examined for the presence of antibodies against BDV using the neutralization peroxidase-linked antibody test. Twenty-nine (17.6%) of one hundred and sixty-five samples were seropositive for BDV. Results were specific, excluding cross-reactions with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Only one sample (0.6%) was positive for BVDV, and was negative for BDV. Despite serological evidence of virus circulation, there have been no clinical cases of border disease in sheep in Japan. Although no diagnostic measures were performed, the infection did not appear to be associated with a reduction in ewe fertility nor with lamb mortality.
Assuntos
Doença da Fronteira/epidemiologia , Vírus da Doença da Fronteira/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Feminino , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , OvinosRESUMO
To elucidate the effects of an exogenous calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) on plasma bone markers, the formation item osteocalcin (OC), undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and the resorption parameter tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured in conjunction with plasma calcitriol and calcium (Ca) concentrations in dairy cows receiving calcitriol or its vehicle according to a 2×2 crossover design. Calcitriol (0.5 µg/kg, i.m.) increased significantly its plasma level during 6 h to day 2 and plasma Ca concentration during 12 h to day 7 compared to the vehicle. Also, plasma OC and ucOC started to rise from day 3 and 1, respectively, and remained elevated until day 7. No change in plasma BALP, TRAP5b or HYP associated with calcitriol treatment was noted. These results demonstrate that exogenous calcitriol stimulates osteoblasts to biosynthesise OC, a determinant of the bone formation in cows.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Calcitriol/farmacologia , Bovinos/sangue , Fosfatase Ácida/sangue , Fosfatase Ácida/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcitriol/sangue , Cálcio/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Indústria de Laticínios , Feminino , Hidroxiprolina/sangue , Hidroxiprolina/metabolismo , Injeções Intramusculares , Isoenzimas/sangue , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a TartaratoRESUMO
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a reservoir-type calcitriol (5 mg/animal) transdermal patch on plasma calcitriol and calcium (Ca) concentrations in dairy cattle. A group of six heifers received three different types of patches: an encapsulated reservoir solution containing calcitriol alone (CAL), calcitriol with dodecylamine (CAL+D), or vehicle (CONT). The patches were applied to the skin of the tail for duration of 2 days at intervals of at least 3 weeks. Cattle that received CAL or CAL+D showed significant increases in plasma calcitriol and Ca concentrations on day 2 and days 2 and 3, respectively. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values for plasma calcitriol and Ca in the CAL and CAL+D groups increased significantly compared to the CONT group. The data of this study describe evidence of measurable transdermal absorption of exogenous calcitriol from a patch and its sufficient biological action to elevate plasma Ca concentrations.
Assuntos
Aminas/administração & dosagem , Calcitriol/administração & dosagem , Bovinos/metabolismo , Tensoativos/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Aminas/farmacocinética , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Calcitriol/sangue , Calcitriol/farmacocinética , Cálcio/sangue , Bovinos/sangue , Feminino , Distribuição Aleatória , Tensoativos/farmacocinética , Vitaminas/sangue , Vitaminas/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
The effects of vitamin D (VD) deficiency on calcium (Ca) metabolism during pregnancy were evaluated in rats fed VD-repleted (VD-repleted rats) and VD-depleted (VD-depleted rats) diets. In the VD-depleted rats, the plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and Ca decreased severely, whereas the parathyroid hormone concentrations increased. The Ca contents of the feces of the VD-depleted rats were higher than those of the VD-repleted rats. The fetal Ca contents of the VD-repleted and VD-depleted rats increased continuously, but that of the VD-depleted rats was lower. These data reveal that VD deficiency during pregnancy induces severe hypocalcemia due to reduced intestinal absorption of Ca and elevated fetal demand for Ca.