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1.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 45(3): 295-309, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31796697

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) usually displayed substantial neuropsychological impairment at short and long term after injury. OBJECTIVE: To compare the course of cognitive functioning among children with TBI and healthy controls over the first-year post-injury in Guadalajara, Mexico. METHODS: A sample of 46 children with TBI and 46 healthy controls from Guadalajara, Mexico were recruited. Both groups received a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at three-time (3, 6, and 12 months) with measures of memory, attention, executive function, processing speed, language, perceptual reasoning, visuo-spatial abilities, and intellectual functioning. Sixteen hierarchical linear models (HLMs) were performed to examine whether linear trajectories of cognitive functioning differed over time between groups. RESULTS: Trajectories of neuropsychological performance were significantly worse over time among children with TBI than healthy controls across every cognitive domain. HLMs suggested that cognitive performance increased over time in both groups, however, TBI group scored significantly lower at each time point compare to the control group, except in Stroop-Interference. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive deficits are common during the first-year after pediatric TBI. Thus, it is imperative to implement early rehabilitation programs to mitigate the consequences of these problems in the social, academic, and family reintegration of these children.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/epidemiologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
2.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 41(3): 695-706, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29036849

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Learning and Verbal Memory Test (TAMV-I) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the TAMV-I as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Free recall, memory delay and recognition scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models indicated main effects for age on all scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. Age2 had a significant effect in all countries except Cuba, and Puerto Rico for free recall score; a significant effect for memory delay score in all countries except Cuba and Puerto Rico; and a significant effect for recognition score in in all countries except Guatemala, Honduras, and Puerto Rico. Models showed an effect for MLPE in Chile (free recall), Honduras (free recall), Mexico (free recall), Puerto Rico (free recall, memory delay, and recognition), and Spain (free recall and memory delay). Sex affected free recall score for Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Spain, memory delay score for all countries except Chile, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico, and recognition score for Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain, with girls scoring higher than boys. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the TAMV-I with pediatric populations.


Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino , Idioma , Testes de Memória e Aprendizagem , Criança , Competência Cultural , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino
3.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 41(3): 687-694, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28946590

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the PPVT-III as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. PPVT-III scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except Guatemala and Paraguay. Models showed that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher scores compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years in all countries, except for Cuba, Peru, and Puerto Rico. Sex affected scores for Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the PPVT-III when used in pediatric populations.


Assuntos
Testes de Linguagem/normas , Criança , Humanos , América Latina , Modelos Lineares , Valores de Referência , Espanha
4.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 41(3): 673-686, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28946591

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the VFT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Scores for letters F, A, S, and animals and fruit categories were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on all scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. Age2 had a significant effect in Chile (animals), Cuba (A letter, fruits), Ecuador (animals, fruits), Honduras (F letter), Mexico (animals, fruits), Peru (fruits), and Spain (S letters, animals, fruits). Models showed an effect for MLPE in Chile (A letters, animals, fruits), Ecuador (S letter, animals, fruits), Guatelama (F, S letter, animals), Honduras (animals), Mexico (F, A, S letters, animals, fruits), Puerto Rico (A, letters, animals), and Spain (all scores). Sex scores were found significant in Chile (animals), Ecuador (A letter, fruits), Mexico (F letter, fruits), Paraguay (F, A, S letters, fruits), Puerto Rico (F letter, animals, fruits), and Spain (F letter, fruits). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest multi-national Spanish speaking-pediatric normative study in the world, and as such it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the phonological and semantic VFT in pediatric populations.


Assuntos
Testes de Linguagem/normas , Criança , Humanos , Idioma , América Latina , Espanha
5.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 41(3): 649-659, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28946594

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Shortened Version of the Token Test in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the Shortened Version of the Token Test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Shortened Version of the Token Test total scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that score increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Models showed that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher score compared to children whose parents had a MLPE ≤12 years in Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Spain. The child's sex did not have an effect in the Shortened Version of the Token Test total score for any of the countries. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the Shortened Version of the Token Test when used in pediatric populations.


Assuntos
Testes Psicológicos/normas , Criança , Humanos , América Latina , Modelos Lineares , Espanha
6.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 37(4): 501-13, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26639925

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) across 10 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,779 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the BNT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models explained between 3-32% of the variance in BNT scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women for Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, and Bolivia on the BNT, none of the six countries had an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America to generate norms for the BNT; this study will have substantial repercussions for the practice of neuropsychology throughout the global region.


Assuntos
Testes Neuropsicológicos/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , América Latina , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
7.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 37(4): 515-61, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26639930

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Verbal Fluency Tests across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the Verbal Fluency Test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models for the letter F explained 8-30% of the variance, 7-32% for letter A, 8-32% for the letter S, and 16-43% for the animal category in Verbal Fluency Test scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women on the Verbal Fluency Test, they did not have an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America aiming to create norms for the Verbal Fluency Test; this study will have important outcomes for the future of neuropsychology in the region.


Assuntos
Fala , Comportamento Verbal , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , Idioma , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
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