Influential factors on dose by ionic dialysance in daily practice in chronic hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: The determination of Kt/V by ionic dialysance is a technique that has extended its use in hemodialysis clinics. The clinical guidelines have reflected the need to validate this method as a determinant of the dose of dialysis. OBJECTIVES: Determine in daily practice, the influence of hemodialysis characteristics and medication on Kt/V results by ionic dialysance (Kt/V OCM) and compare them with Kt/V measures by serum urea (Kt/V Daugirdas). DESIGN: Cross-sectional and observational study. PARTICIPANTS: 127 patients on chronic hemodialysis. MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive variables, study variables (Kt/VOCM, Kt/VDaugidas), and the variables that modified the effect (patient temperature, serum sodium, vascular access, recirculation, blood flow, hemodialysis technique, dialyzer, acid concentrate, conductivity, dialyzate flow). RESULTS: The mean of Kt/V Daugirdas was 1.84 and the Kt/VOCM mean 1.65; Pearson's was CC r=0.54; P<0.001 and Lin CCC=0.48. In the linear regression, the variables related to hemodialysis technique showed no statistical association with the measurement obtained by Kt/VOCM. Monosodium phosphate and 20% sodium chloride dispensing were associated with a higher Kt/VOCM. CONCLUSIONS: The different technical aspects noted during HD sessions do not influence Kt/V OCM outcomes. Kt/V determined by ionic dialysance isn't similar to that determined by serum urea. When assessing dialysis doses measured by dialysance, consider that it is not the same as determined with serum urea, but it provides an approximation to estimate dialysis doses in real time. It is necessary to consider if drugs or supplements have been administered that can modify it when interpreting the results.

Cohort study with patients older than 80 years with stage 5 chronic kidney failure on hemodialysis vs conservative treatment: Survival outcomes and use of healthcare resources.

Renal replacement treatment has not been generalized to the elderly for different reasons. The main objective of the present cohort study is to compare survival in patients older than 80 years with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on renal replacement treatment with those on conservative treatment. The use of healthcare resources is compared too. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was run with the outcome variable death during the follow-up period. The independent variables were treatment type, age, gender, smoking habit, serum albumin, hemoglobin, Charlson Index, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, ischemic cardiopathy, and neoplasm. For outcome variable "death," renal replacement treatment obtained a hazard ratio of 0.273 (P .006, CI95% 0.108-0.686) vs conservative treatment. In conclusion, patients older than 80 years with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on renal replacement treatment presented a lower mortality risk than those receiving conservative treatment. Comorbidity and age are both associated with mortality, but do not cancel out the survival advantage. In healthcare resources, the renal replacement treatment group made greater use of tests, medical visits and consumption of hospital dispensing drugs, but there were no differences with respect to the days of hospital admission or assistance in home hospitalization.

Influence of Physical Exercise on the Dialytic Adequacy Parameters of Patients on Hemodialysis.

It has been suggested that physical exercise in chronic hemodialysis could improve dialysis dose and reduce postdialysis rebound. A randomized controlled trial was performed to compare a group of patients doing physical exercise during the first 2 h of hemodialysis sessions and another group doing physical exercise at home. The descriptive variables, dialysis doses measured by KtV, and rebounds (urea, creatinine, potassium, phosphorus), were recorded. For 69 patients: the mean KtV was 1.84; the 30-min rebound of creatinine was 32.37%, urea 24.39%, potassium 15.31%, and phosphorus 51.29%. For each patient, the basal measurement was compared with those determined when performing physical exercise; no statistically significant differences were observed between the changes determined to dose and rebound in the group with hemodialysis exercise compared to those of the home exercise group. In conclusion, performing physical exercise during the first 2 hours of hemodialysis sessions neither lowered postdialysis molecules rebound nor improved dialysis dose.

Fracaso renal agudo por gabapentina. Descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Acute renal failure due to gabapentin. A case report and literature review

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Análisis de infección por citomegalovirus y sus consecuencias en el trasplante renal: revisión de una década / Analysis of cytomegalovirus infection and its consequences in renal transplantation: a decade analysis

Fundamento y objetivo: El citomegalovirus (CMV) es uno de los agentes patógenos más importantes en el paciente trasplantado renal. Puede ocasionar infección y enfermedad, de graves consecuencias, directas e indirectas. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de todos los trasplantes renales realizados en el Hospital La Fe entre 1994 y 2005 (n=996). El diagnóstico de infección o enfermedad por CMV se realizó mediante serología, cultivo, determinación de antigenemia pp65 o cuantificación de CMV por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en sangre periférica. La profilaxis recibida fue aciclovir en 20 pacientes (2,4%), ganciclovir en 478 (56,8%), valganciclovir en 166 (19,7%,) y ninguna en 178 (21%). Resultados: La serología para CMV era positiva en 802 donantes (83%) y en 860 receptores (89%). Entre los receptores que padecieron enfermedad por CMV (N=60), perdieron el injerto cuatro y fallecieron seis. La infección precoz y la enfermedad precoz fueron significativamente más frecuentes (p<0,05) en los casos donante positivo-receptor negativo (D+/R-). Padecer infección precoz o tardía se asociaba a muerte por cualquier causa (odds ratio [OR] 2,03, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 1,24-3,31, p<0,05). La enfermedad precoz o tardía por CMV se asociaba a mayor pérdida del injerto por cualquier causa (OR 1,97, IC 95% 1,14-3,43, p<0,05). Tras regresión logística permanecía significativa la asociación entre infección por CMV y muerte por cualquier causa. Conclusiones: En pacientes con trasplante renal, presentar infección por CMV se asocia a muerte por cualquier causa (AU)

Background and objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens in renal transplant patients. It can cause infection and illness, as well as serious direct and indirect consequences. Patients and method: Descriptive retrospective observational study of all kidney transplants performed in the Hospital La Fe of Valencia between 1994 and 2005 (n=996). The diagnosis of CMV disease and disease was performed by serology, culture, pp65 antigenemia determination or quantification of CMV-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in peripheral blood. Prophylaxis included acyclovir in 20 patients (2.4%), ganciclovir in 478 (56.8%), valganciclovir in 166 (19.7%) and none in 178 (21%). Results: CMV serology was positive in 802 donors (83%) and in 860 recipients (89%). Among the recipients who suffered from CMV disease (N=60), four lost the graft and six died. Early infection and early disease were significantly more frequent (p<0.05) in positive donor-negative recipient cases (D+/R-). Having early or late infection was associated with death from any cause (OR 2.03, CI 95% 1.24 to 3.31, p<0.05). Early or late CMV infection was associated with increased graft loss from any cause (OR 1.97, CI 95% 1.14 to 3.43, p<0.05). After logistic regression, the association between CMV infection and death from all causes remained significant. Conclusions: In renal transplant patients, having CMV infection was associated with death from any cause (AU)

[Analysis of cytomegalovirus infection and its consequences in renal transplantation: a decade analysis]. / Análisis de infección por citomegalovirus y sus consecuencias en el trasplante renal: revisión de una década.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens in renal transplant patients. It can cause infection and illness, as well as serious direct and indirect consequences. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive retrospective observational study of all kidney transplants performed in the Hospital La Fe of Valencia between 1994 and 2005 (n=996). The diagnosis of CMV disease and disease was performed by serology, culture, pp65 antigenemia determination or quantification of CMV-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in peripheral blood. Prophylaxis included acyclovir in 20 patients (2.4%), ganciclovir in 478 (56.8%), valganciclovir in 166 (19.7%) and none in 178 (21%). RESULTS: CMV serology was positive in 802 donors (83%) and in 860 recipients (89%). Among the recipients who suffered from CMV disease (N=60), four lost the graft and six died. Early infection and early disease were significantly more frequent (p<0.05) in positive donor-negative recipient cases (D+/R-). Having early or late infection was associated with death from any cause (OR 2.03, CI 95% 1.24 to 3.31, p<0.05). Early or late CMV infection was associated with increased graft loss from any cause (OR 1.97, CI 95% 1.14 to 3.43, p<0.05). After logistic regression, the association between CMV infection and death from all causes remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: In renal transplant patients, having CMV infection was associated with death from any cause.