RESUMO
Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-007 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application of the herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant genetically modified maize NK603 x MON810. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained post-market environmental monitoring reports, a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatic analyses, and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application. Under the assumption that the DNA sequence of the events in maize NK603 x MON810 considered for renewal is identical to the sequence of the originally assessed events, the GMO Panel concludes that there is no evidence in the renewal application EFSA-GMO-RX-007 for new hazards, modified exposure or scientific uncertainties that would change the conclusions of the original risk assessment on maize NK603 x MON810.
RESUMO
Maize 4114 was developed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to provide protection against certain lepidopteran and coleopteran pests by expression of the Cry1F, Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, and tolerance to the herbicidal active ingredient glufosinate-ammonium by expression of the PAT protein derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. The molecular characterisation data did not identify issues requiring assessment for food/feed safety. None of the compositional, agronomic and phenotypic differences identified between maize 4114 and the non-genetically modified (GM) comparator(s) required further assessment. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the newly expressed proteins Cry1F, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 and PAT, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of maize 4114. The nutritional value of food/feed derived from maize 4114 is not expected to differ from that derived from non-GM maize varieties and no post-market monitoring of food/feed is considered necessary. In the case of accidental release of viable maize 4114 grains into the environment, maize 4114 would not raise environmental safety concerns. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of maize 4114. The genetically modified organism (GMO) Panel concludes that maize 4114 is as safe as the non-GM comparator(s) and non-GM reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application.
RESUMO
The GMO Panel has previously assessed genetically modified (GM) carnation FLO-40685-2 and concluded that there is no scientific reason to consider that the import, distribution and retailing in the EU of carnation FLO-40685-2 cut flowers for ornamental use will cause any adverse effects on human health or the environment. On 7 November 2017, European Commission requested EFSA to analyse new nucleic acid sequencing data and updated bioinformatics data for carnation FLO-40685-2 and to indicate whether the conclusions of the GMO Panel on the previously assessed GM carnation FLO-40685-2 remain valid. The new sequencing data indicated an additional three base pairs compared to the sequencing data originally provided: one base pair addition to the polyA tail of each of the two inserted flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase elements and one base pair addition to the sequence of one of the two D8 promoters in locus 1. These sequence differences are located outside the coding sequence for the newly expressed proteins and the base pairs described as differences in the new nucleic acid sequencing data for carnation FLO-40685-2 were reported to have been already present in the original plant material used for the risk assessment. Thus, with the exception of bioinformatics analyses, the studies performed for the risk assessment of GM carnation FLO-40685-2 remain valid. The new sequencing data and the bioinformatics analyses performed on the new sequence did not give rise to safety issues. Therefore, EFSA concludes that the original risk assessment of carnation FLO-40685-2 remains valid.
RESUMO
The GMO Panel has previously assessed genetically modified (GM) carnation FLO-40689-6 and concluded that there is no scientific reason to consider that the import, distribution and retailing in the EU of carnation FLO-40689-6 cut flowers for ornamental use will cause any adverse effects on human health or the environment. On 27 October 2017, the European Commission requested EFSA to analyse new nucleic acid sequencing data and updated bioinformatics data for carnation FLO-40689-6 and to indicate whether the conclusions of the GMO Panel on the previously assessed GM carnation FLO-40689-6 remain valid. The new sequencing data indicated the correction of one nucleotide compared to the sequencing data originally provided. The new sequence was corrected by removal of one nucleotide from the polylinker region in locus 1. The removal of this base pair reported in the new nucleic acid sequencing data for carnation FLO-40689-6 has been already present in the original plant material used for the risk assessment. Thus, with the exception of bioinformatics analyses, the studies performed for the risk assessment of GM carnation FLO-40689-6 remain valid. The new sequencing data and the bioinformatic analyses performed on the new sequence, did not give rise to safety issues. Therefore, EFSA concludes that the original risk assessment of carnation FLO-40689-6 remains valid.
RESUMO
In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the four-event stack maize 1507 × 59122 × MON810 × NK603 and its ten subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel previously assessed the four single events combined in this four-event stack maize and five of their combinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events or their previously assessed combinations leading to modification of the original conclusions were identified. Based on the molecular, agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics, the combination of the single maize events and of the newly expressed proteins in the four-event stack maize did not give rise to food and feed safety or nutritional issues. The GMO Panel concludes that the four-event stack maize is as safe and as nutritious as its non-GM comparator. In the case of accidental release of viable grains of maize 1507 × 59122 × MON810 × NK603 into the environment, this would not raise environmental safety concerns. For four of the subcombinations not previously assessed, protein expression data were provided and did not indicate an interaction affecting the levels of the newly expressed proteins in these subcombinations. The five subcombinations not previously assessed are expected to be as safe as the single maize events, the previously assessed subcombinations and the four-event stack maize. The GMO Panel considers that post-market monitoring of maize 1507 × 59122 ×MON810 × NK603 and its subcombinations is not necessary. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of maize 1507 × 59122 × MON810 ×NK603 and its subcombinations.
RESUMO
Soybean DAS-68416-4 was developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to express the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 (AAD-12) protein, conferring tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other related phenoxy herbicides, and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein, conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium-based herbicides. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring further assessment for food/feed safety. The agronomic and phenotypic characteristics tested revealed no relevant differences between soybean DAS-68416-4 and its conventional counterpart, except for 'days to 50% flowering'. The compositional analysis identified no differences requiring further assessment, except for an increase (up to 36%) in lectin activity in soybean DAS-68416-4. Such increase is unlikely to raise additional concerns for food/feed safety and nutrition for soybean DAS-68416-4 as compared to its conventional counterpart and the non-GM reference varieties. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the two newly expressed proteins, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of soybean DAS-68416-4. Soybean DAS-68416-4 is as nutritious as its conventional counterpart and the non-GM reference varieties. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of occasional feral soybean DAS-68416-4 plants, unless these are exposed to the intended herbicides. The likelihood of environmental effects resulting from the accidental release of viable seeds from soybean DAS-68416-4 into the environment is therefore very low. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean DAS-68416-4. The GMO Panel concludes that the information available addresses the scientific comments of the Member States and that soybean DAS-68416-4, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and the tested non-GM reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application.
RESUMO
In this opinion, the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) assesses the two-event stack soybean FG72 × A5547-127 for food and feed uses, import and processing. The EFSA GMO Panel previously assessed the two single events combined to produce the two-event stack soybean FG72 × A5547-127 and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events, leading to modification of the original conclusions on their safety, were identified. The molecular, agronomic, phenotypic and compositional data on soybean FG72 × A5547-127 did not give rise to safety concerns and no reason to expect interactions between the single events impacting on the food and feed safety of the two-event stack soybean was identified. Although the EFSA GMO Panel cannot conclude on forage composition, soybean forage is not expected to be imported in a significant amount for use as feed. Considering the routes of exposure and limited exposure levels, the EFSA GMO Panel concludes that soybean FG72 × A5547-127 would not give rise to safety concerns in the event of accidental release of viable seeds into the environment. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean FG72 × A5547-127. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes that soybean FG72 × A5547-127 is as safe as the non-genetically modified (GM) comparator and non-GM soybean reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment.
RESUMO
In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the three-event stack oilseed rape (OSR) MON 88302 × MS8 × RF3 and its three subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel has previously assessed the single events combined to produce this three-event stack OSR and did not identify safety concerns; no new information that would modify the original conclusions was identified. The combination of the single OSR events and of the newly expressed proteins in the three-event stack OSR does not give rise to food and feed safety and nutrition issues - based on the molecular, agronomic/phenotypic and compositional characteristics. In the case of accidental release of viable OSR MON 88302 × MS8 × RF3 seeds into the environment, the three-event stack OSR would not raise environmental safety concerns. The GMO Panel therefore concluded that the three-event stack OSR is as safe and as nutritious as its conventional counterpart and the tested non-GM reference varieties in the context of the scope of this application. Since no new safety concerns were identified for the previously assessed two-event stack OSR MS8 × RF3, the GMO Panel considered that its previous conclusions on this subcombination remain valid. For the two subcombinations MON 88302 × MS8 and MON 88302 × RF3 for which no experimental data were provided, the GMO Panel assessed the likelihood of interactions among the single events, and concluded that their different combinations would not raise safety concerns. These two subcombinations are therefore expected to be as safe as the single events, the previously assessed OSR MS8 × RF3, and OSR MON 88302 × MS8 × RF3. Since the post-market environmental monitoring plan for the three-event stack OSR does not include any provisions for two subcombinations not previously assessed, the GMO Panel recommended the applicant to revise the plan accordingly.
RESUMO
The GMO Panel has previously assessed genetically modified (GM) soybean 305423 as a single event and as part of a two-event stack, 305423 × 40-3-2. These soybean events were found to be as safe as their conventional counterparts and other appropriate comparators with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment. On 23 February 2017, European Commission requested EFSA to analyse new nucleic acid sequencing data and updated bioinformatics data for soybean event 305423 and to indicate whether the previous conclusions of the GMO Panel on the previously assessed GM soybeans remain valid. The new sequencing data indicated a four base pair (bp) difference compared to the sequencing data originally provided: one bp located in the genomic 3' flanking region, two bp located in a gene silencing cassette and one bp in a partial promoter. These bp reported as differences in the new nucleic acid sequencing data on soybean event 305423 were already present in the original plant material used for the risk assessment. Thus, with the exception of bioinformatics analyses, including an off-target search with the dsRNA expression cassette, the studies performed for the risk assessment of the single event soybean 305423 and the two-event stack soybean 305423 × 40-3-2 remain valid. The new sequencing data and the bioinformatic analyses performed on the new sequence including the RNAi off-target search, did not give rise to safety issues. Therefore, EFSA concludes that the original risk assessment of the single soybean event 305423 and the two-event stack soybean 305423 × 40-3-2 remains valid.
RESUMO
Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) are involved in the production of a variety of food and feed. The release and consumption of these products can raise questions about health and environmental safety. Therefore, the European Union has different legislative instruments in place in order to ensure the safety of such products. A key requirement is to conduct a scientific risk assessment as a prerequisite for the product to be placed on the market. This risk assessment is performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), through its Scientific Panels. The EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms has published complete and comprehensive guidance for the risk assessment of GMMs and their products for food and/or feed use, in which the strategy and the criteria to conduct the assessment are explained, as well as the scientific data to be provided in applications for regulated products. This Guidance follows the main risk assessment principles developed by various international organisations (Codex Alimentarius, 2003; OECD, 2010). The assessment considers two aspects: the characterisation of the GMM and the possible effects of its modification with respect to safety, and the safety of the product itself. Due to the existing diversity of GMMs and their products, a categorisation is recommended to optimise the assessment and to determine the extent of the required data. The assessment starts with a comprehensive characterisation of the GMM, covering the recipient/parental organism, the donor(s) of the genetic material, the genetic modification, and the final GMM and its phenotype. Evaluation of the composition, potential toxicity and/or allergenicity, nutritional value and environmental impact of the product constitute further cornerstones of the process. The outcome of the assessment is reflected in a scientific opinion which indicates whether the product raises any safety issues. This opinion is taken into account by the different European regulatory authorities prior to a decision regarding authorisation to commercialise the product.
