[Delphi method to reach consensus on education methods to promote healthy eating behaviors in adolescents]. / Método Delphi para consensuar metodologías educativas para promover la alimentación saludable en adolescentes.

INTRODUCTION: Background: adolescence is a relevant period to educate in healthy eating behaviors. For this purpose it is necessary to obtain expert opinions and reach consensus and prioritize the best methodologies available to educate adolescents on healthy eating. Methods: the Delphi method was chosen to get consensus through repeated iterations of anonymous opinions in two rounds. Participants were experts in nutrition (24), education (14), and cooking (2), selected with the following inclusion criteria: outstanding professional career; interest shown in their knowledge area, and expertise in healthy eating education. The 40 experts in the first round were reduced to 37 in the second round. The questionnaire was mailed in the first round and the results were sent to establish priorities in the second round. The analysis was done with descriptive statistics (%). Consensus was reached if ≥ 75th percentile. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze internal consistency, which was considered good for an alpha value higher than 0.7, and moderate for values between 0.6 and 0.7. Results: there was 90% consensus for food habits, culinary skills, and methodologies. In food habits experts prioritized improving access to healthy food and curricular changes at school. In culinary skills they agreed on healthy breakfast and healthy snack preparations; in methodologies the consensus was to educate in healthy eating at breakfast and lunch at school, and on participative activities such as cooking workshops. Conclusions: the Delphi method was useful to obtain consensus and priorities on the methodologies to educate adolescents in healthy eating.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: la adolescencia es un período importante para reforzar la educación sobre alimentación saludable. Para ello se requiere consensuar y establecer prioridades con expertos sobre las mejores metodologías para educar a los adolescentes en alimentación saludable. Métodos: se escogió el método Delphi para obtener consenso a través de opiniones anónimas repetidas en dos rondas. Se seleccionaron expertos en nutrición (24), educación (14) y cocina (2) con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: carrera profesional relevante; mostrar interés en su área de conocimiento y experiencia en educación en alimentación saludable. Los 40 expertos de la primera ronda disminuyeron a 37 en la segunda ronda. El cuestionario enviado por correo en la primera ronda y sus resultados fueron reenviados para establecer prioridades. El análisis se efectuó con estadísticas descriptivas (%). Se consideró consenso el valor ≥ percentil 75. La consistencia interna se analizó con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (se considera buena si alfa es mayor de 0,7 y moderada si se sitúa entre 0,6 y 0,7). Resultados: hubo más de un 90 % de consenso en las metodologías para hábitos alimentarios, habilidades culinarias y estrategias metodológicas. En los hábitos alimentarios se consideró como prioritario mejorar el acceso a la comida saludable y cambiar los currículos en la escuela. En las habilidades culinarias, la preparación de un desayuno saludable y colaciones saludables, y en las estrategias metodológicas, educar en hábitos alimentarios durante el desayuno y el almuerzo, y desarrollar actividades participativas tales como talleres de cocina. Conclusiones: el método Delphi fue útil para obtener el consenso y las prioridades en cuanto a las metodologías para educar a los adolescentes en alimentación saludable.

Método Delphi para consensuar metodologías educativas para promover la alimentación saludable en adolescentes / Delphi method to reach consensus on education methods to promote healthy eating behaviors in adolescents

ANTECEDENTES: la adolescencia es un período importante para reforzar la educación sobre alimentación saludable. Para ello se requiere consensuar y establecer prioridades con expertos sobre las mejores metodologías para educar a los adolescentes en alimentación saludable. MÉTODOS: se escogió el método Delphi para obtener consenso a través de opiniones anónimas repetidas en dos rondas. Se seleccionaron expertos en nutrición (24), educación (14) y cocina (2) con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: carrera profesional relevante; mostrar interés en su área de conocimiento y experiencia en educación en alimentación saludable. Los 40 expertos de la primera ronda disminuyeron a 37 en la segunda ronda. El cuestionario enviado por correo en la primera ronda y sus resultados fueron reenviados para establecer prioridades. El análisis se efectuó con estadísticas descriptivas (%). Se consideró consenso el valor ≥ percentil 75. La consistencia interna se analizó con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (se considera buena si alfa es mayor de 0,7 y moderada si se sitúa entre 0,6 y 0,7). RESULTADOS: hubo más de un 90 % de consenso en las metodologías para hábitos alimentarios, habilidades culinarias y estrategias metodológicas. En los hábitos alimentarios se consideró como prioritario mejorar el acceso a la comida saludable y cambiar los currículos en la escuela. En las habilidades culinarias, la preparación de un desayuno saludable y colaciones saludables, y en las estrategias metodológicas, educar en hábitos alimentarios durante el desayuno y el almuerzo, y desarrollar actividades participativas tales como talleres de cocina. CONCLUSIONES: el método Delphi fue útil para obtener el consenso y las prioridades en cuanto a las metodologías para educar a los adolescentes en alimentación saludable

BACKGROUND: adolescence is a relevant period to educate in healthy eating behaviors. For this purpose it is necessary to obtain expert opinions and reach consensus and prioritize the best methodologies available to educate adolescents on healthy eating. METHODS: the Delphi method was chosen to get consensus through repeated iterations of anonymous opinions in two rounds. Participants were experts in nutrition (24), education (14), and cooking (2), selected with the following inclusion criteria: outstanding professional career; interest shown in their knowledge area, and expertise in healthy eating education. The 40 experts in the first round were reduced to 37 in the second round. The questionnaire was mailed in the first round and the results were sent to establish priorities in the second round. The analysis was done with descriptive statistics (%). Consensus was reached if ≥ 75th percentile. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze internal consistency, which was considered good for an alpha value higher than 0.7, and moderate for values between 0.6 and 0.7. RESULTS: there was 90 % consensus for food habits, culinary skills, and methodologies. In food habits experts prioritized improving access to healthy food and curricular changes at school. In culinary skills they agreed on healthy breakfast and healthy snack preparations; in methodologies the consensus was to educate in healthy eating at breakfast and lunch at school, and on participative activities such as cooking workshops. CONCLUSIONS: the Delphi method was useful to obtain consensus and priorities on the methodologies to educate adolescents in healthy eating

Granular cell tumor of the bladder: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Granular cell tumor is usually a benign tumor, generally believed to be of neural origin, most commonly affecting the tongue and skin. Although it can present in any part of the body, the bladder is a rare location, with only 16 cases found in the English-language literature. CASE: We report the case of a 54-year-old woman with hematuria who had a solid tumor in the posterior wall of the bladder. Histological study of the samples obtained by transurethral resection revealed a granular cell tumor, confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques. CONCLUSION: Granular cell tumors of the bladder are rare and generally benign but frequently present macroscopic features resembling those of urothelial carcinoma. The similarity can lead to an erroneous clinical diagnosis and unnecessary, aggressive treatment. A careful histopathological assessment is essential for an accurate diagnosis.