[Cryohemosorption--a method of removal of lipoprotein-antibody immune complexes and other atherogenic substances in patients with atherosclerosis]. / Krioplazmosorbtsiia--metod udaleniia immunnykh kompleksov lipoproteid-antitelo i drugikh aterogennykh substantsii u bol'nykh aterosklerozom.

The efficacy of extracorporeal cryohemosorption was estimated in the treatment of atherosclerotic patients in terms of the autoimmune theory of the pathogenesis of this disease. There was a slight decrease in the plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, there was over 2-fold reduction in the plasma levels of fibrinogen and fibronectin. All major components of apo B-containing lipoproteins and immunoglobulin G were found as part of the cryoprecipitate. An extremely high concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the precipitate suggest that cryoprecipitation removes not only autoimmune complexes, but highly-atherogenic peroxide-modified lipoproteins. The three-fold decrease in the levels of lipoprotein-antibody complexes resulted in lower atherogenicity of apo B-containing lipoproteins. It is suggested that the mechanism responsible for beneficial clinical action of cryohemosorption sessions is largely associated with the removal of autoimmune lipoprotein-antibody complexes and peroxide-modified apo B-containing lipoproteins than correction of lipid metabolism.

[Jejunoileal bypass in the prevention and treatment of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity]. / Eiunoileoshuntirovanie v profilaktike i lechenii klinicheskikh proiavlenii ateroskleroza u bol'nykh s rezko izbytochnoi massoi tela.

Jejunoileostomy effects on blood lipids and cardiovascular system were investigated in obese patients. They were found to lose 30% of their body mass within 6 postoperative months with parallel reduction in concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and apoprotein B. These changes persisted for 4.5 years of the follow-up. The surgery in males has a more pronounced effect on blood lipids than in females. Significant changes were not registered in post- and preoperative levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1. Jejunoileostomy promoted a fall in blood pressure, a rise in exercise tolerance, alleviation of atherosclerosis symptoms.

[Level of lipids and apolipoproteins in obesity]. / Uroven' lipidov i apolipoproteinov pri ozhirenii.

The level of lipids and apolipoproteins was studied in the serum of patients with various degrees of obesity without hormonal impairments in order to find interrelationship between obesity and atherosclerosis development. 14 men and 42 women aged 19-59 years were examined. Concentration of triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was distinctly higher in obese patients of both sexes than in normal weight persons. However, content of apo A-I and apo B was similar in blood of both obese and normal persons, while concentration of apo E was higher in obesity. In obesity, the ratio HDL cholesterol/A-I was decreased, thus indicating that the HDL3/HDL2 ratio was altered, showing a decreased content of the latter subfraction. The findings suggest that impairment in metabolism of mainly HDL and VLDL subfractions occurred in patients with obesity. These impairments were atherogenic and may be responsible for a high risk for atherosclerosis and heart ischemic disease in obese patients.

[Properties of plasma low density lipoproteins in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and ischemic heart disease]. / Svoistva plazmennykh lipoproteinov nizkoi plotnosti u patsientov s gipertriglitseridemiei i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

It has been shown that low-density plasma lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertriglyceridemia are heavier in density, smaller in size, more negatively charged and more inclined to peroxide modification and aggregation than in healthy persons. The protein in the composition of such lipoproteins deviates towards the water phase, which may result in the masking of the domen, recognized by the BE-receptor and may lead to hyperlipidemia of a retaining character.

[Changes in the levels and composition of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of blood plasma in patients with ischemic heart disease after hemosorption]. / Izmenenie kontsentratsii i sostava lipoproteidov i apoproteinov plazmy krovi u bo'lnykh ishemicheskoi bolez'niu serdtsa posle gemosorbtsii.

Prior to and following activated charcoal hemosorption, concentrations of lipids, apolipoproteins AI and B and lipid and protein composition in lipoprotein fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation were determined in the plasma from patients with coronary heart disease. The majority of the patients showed a parallel proportional decrease in plasma atherogenic parameters and all components of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides in particular. Antiatherogenic parameters, such as high density lipoprotein and apo-AI cholesterol, and all the components in high density lipoprotein subfractions were less reduced. In 19% of the patients, hemosorption failed to affect plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. The findings suggest that, in case of successful hemosorption, apoB-containing lipoproteins are chiefly eliminated as whole complexes from the plasma and that this procedure is most beneficial in hypertriglyceridemia.

[The rate of elimination of homologous and heterologous native and modified high density lipoproteins from rabbit plasma after their intravenous administration]. / Skorost' éliminatsii gomologichnykh i geterologichnykh nativnykh i modifitsirovannykh lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti iz plazmy krovi krolika posle ikh vnutrivennogo vvedeniia.

Rates of catabolism of total fraction of human native high density lipoproteins (HDL) and their subfractions as well as horse and rabbit native and modified HDL were studied after intravenous administration of the HDL into healthy rabbits and the animals with experimental hypercholesterolemia. The following procedures were carried out for production of HDL derivatives: methylation, succination, blocking of Arg residues and of COOH-groups. Rates of catabolism were similar for rabbit and horse total fractions of 125I-HDL, whereas human HDL were catabolized at a slightly higher rates as compared with rabbit lipoproteins. After administration of human total HDL fractions their elimination, estimated by output of alpha-cholesterol (alpha-C), occurred at a higher rate in healthy rabbits as compared with the animals with hypercholesterolemia, whereas output of apoprotein (apo) A-I was similar in both these groups. As HDL are able to exhibit the properties of alpha-C donor in circulation, estimation of apo A-I should be a more reliable index of the HDL content in blood plasma as compared with alpha-C. Chemical derivatives of rabbit HDL were eliminated from circulation of control animals at a rate similar to that of native HDL rate, but exceeding the rate established for succinated HDL. As compared with native HDL all the modified horse HDL were eliminated at the higher rate from the circulation of healthy rabbits. In rabbits with hypercholesterolemia the higher rate of elimination was shown only for succinated and methylated HDL fractions. Succinated HDL were catabolized at the highest rate apparently due to marked negative charge of their molecules. The data obtained suggest that in rabbits HDL are catabolized via pathways which do not involve specific cell receptors.

[Rate of elimination of human high-density lipoproteins after their intravenous administration in rabbits by the loss of alpha- cholesterol and apoprotein A-1]. / Izuchenie skorosti éliminatsii chelovecheskikh lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti posle ikh vnutrivennogo vvedeniia krolikam po ubyli al'fa-kholesterina i apoproteina A-1.

Native HDL, HDL2 or HDL3, isolated from donor plasma were intravenously administered at a large dose (100 mg HDL cholesterol) to healthy rabbits and rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia. The elimination rate of human HDL was studied on the basis of alpha-cholesterol (alpha-Ch) and apoprotein (apo) A-I determinations in the plasma of rabbits. Administration of HDL or their subclasses at a large dose with the following determination of alpha-Ch or apo A-I enabled to avoid the use of radioactive label and all the methodological errors connected with the latter. After administration of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 their elimination according to alpha-Ch determination occurred at the higher rate as compared with apo A-I. Elimination of the total HDL fraction according to alpha-Ch determination was higher in healthy rabbits than in animals with hypercholesterolemia while the elimination estimated by the apo A-I determination was similar in both groups of animals. These data suggest that HDL may characterize the Ch-donor properties. Apo A-I as compared with alpha-Ch was a more accurate indicator of HDL concentration in blood plasma.

[Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and blood plasma lipids in senility and longevity in men and women from Georgia and Kirghizia]. / Lipoproteidy, apolipoproteiny i lipidy plazmy krovi u lits starcheskogo vozrasta i dolgozhitelei Gruzii i Kirgizii.

In men with increase of age from senile to longevity content of total cholesterol was practically unaltered (182 and 184 mg/100 ml), concentration of cholesterol in LPHD was increased from 52 mg up to 58.3 mg/100 ml simultaneously with unaltered content of LPLD cholesterol (102 mg/100 ml) and of LPVLD cholesterol (27.1 and 27 mg/100 ml). Triglycerides decreased from 136 mg down to 101 mg/100 ml. In women content of total blood cholesterol was about 218 mg/100 ml in senile age and 204 mg/100 ml in longevity and concentration of LPHD cholesterol--61 mg and 64.6 mg/100 ml, respectively. Contrary to men, in women a distinct decrease in content of LPLD cholesterol (from 127 mg to 110 mg/100 ml) as well as of triglycerides (from 154 to 145 mg/100 ml) were found on transition from senile age to longevity. Concentration of the apolipoproteins studied was unaltered in men on transition from senile age to longevity and in women concentration of apolipoprotein A-I decreased from 143 mg to 130 mg/100 ml and of apo-E from 11.1 mg to 9.2 mg/100 ml. The decrease in LPLD cholesterol content and increase of LPHD cholesterol, simultaneously with relatively low content of total blood cholesterol, appear to be considered among the reasons responsible for longevity and lesser risk of heart ischemic disease.

[Isolation of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E and their estimation by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in blood plasma of dis-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients]. / Vydelemie apolipoproteinov A-I, A-II i E i ikh kolichestvennoe opredelenie metodom raketnogoimmunoelektroforeza v plazme krovi lits s dis-alpha-lipoproteidemiiami.

The methods for isolation of pure apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E from the blood plasma of donors for preparation of monospecific rabbit antisera against these apolipoproteins and their estimation in human blood plasma using immunoelectrophoresis are described. It was found that the average content of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) in the blood plasma of healthy males is 126.6 mg%, that of apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) is 56.8 mg%, that of apolipoprotein E (apo E) is 10.2 mg%. The apo A-I content in blood plasma is increased in hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients and is decreased in hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemic ones, i. e. there is a direct relationship between the changes in concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and apo A-I. The concentration of apo A-II in dis-alpha-lipoproteinemias varies within a narrow range. A considerable increase of the alpha-cholesterol/apo A-I ratio suggesting an increased capacity of HDL to transport cholesterol in hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients is observed. There exists an indirect correlation between the changes in the contents of apo A-I and apo E in dis-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients.

[Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E as well as high density lipoproteins in blood of persons with dis-alpha-lipoproteinemias]. / Apolipoproteiny A-I, A-II i E i lipoproteidy vysokoi plotnosti v krovi liudei pri dis-al'fa-lipoproteidemiiakh.

Content of apo A-I constitute 136 mg/100 ml, of apo A-II--64 mg/100 ml and of apo E--10 mg/100 ml in blood plasma of 20--60 years old men with normal concentration of cholesterol (alpha-CS) in blood. In the patients with hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia (alpha-CS was above 76 mg per 100 ml) concentrations of apo A-I and apo A-II were distinctly higher (173 and 71 mg per 100 ml, respectively) and that of apo E--was lower (8 mg per 100 ml) as compared with the healthy persons. Under the conditions of hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia (alpha-CS was below 37 mg per 100 ml) the contents of apo A-I and apo A-II were decreased down to 116 and 50 mg per 100 ml, respectively, and that of apo E--increased up to 12 mg per 100 ml. Concentration of the total fraction of high density lipoproteins (LPHD), LPHD2 and their subfraction LPHD2a and LPHD2b was also distinctly increased in hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia; it was decreased in hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia, while the LPHD3 content was slightly altered in blood plasma. The capacity of LPHD to transfer of CS appears to increase in hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia and to decrease in hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia. As shown by correlation analysis, metabolism of LPHD3 occurred independently from the other LPHD subfractions.

[Apolipoprotein A1, A2 and E content in the blood plasma of persons with dysalphalipoproteinemia]. / Soderzhanie apolipoproteinov A1, A2 i E v plazme krovi liudei s disal'falipoproteidemiei.

The content of A1, A2, and E apolipoproteins in blood plasma of males (40-59 years of age) with normo-, hyper-, and hypoalphalipoproteinemia was determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Considerable changes were revealed in the alphalipoprotein cholesterol/A1-apo ratio which were evidence of increased capacity of HDLP for transporting cholesterol in hyperalphalipoproteinemia and a decrease in this HDLP function in hypoalphalipoproteinemia irrespective of their concentration in blood plasma. A reverse correlative connection was revealed between the A1-apo content and the E-apo content in dysalphalipoproteinemia. It is suggested that the changes in the content of A1-apo and E-apo in blood plasma are significant in lipoprotein metabolism in dysalphalipoproteinemia.