RESUMO
There is growing interest in infections occurring after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The incidence, and clinical and anatomical features suggest many similarities with prosthetic valve endocarditis. The survival of patients with an infected TAVI prosthesis is generally poor; however, only a minority of them (10%) have undergone treatment with surgical explantation of the infected prosthesis. A literature search was performed using online databases. Papers reporting surgical treatment of TAVI prosthesis infections were retrieved, focusing on pre- and intraoperative characteristics and early outcome. Thirty-seven papers ultimately provided information on 107 patients. Their mean⯱ standard deviation (SD) age was 76⯱ 8 years and 72% were male. The mean⯱ SD time interval between the TAVI procedure and reoperation was 10⯱ 10 months. Annular abscess formation was described in 34% of cases and mitral valve involvement in 31%. All patients underwent TAVI prosthesis explantation and surgical aortic valve replacement; concomitant mitral valve replacement was necessary in 22% of cases. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 28%. Surgical explantation of infected TAVI prostheses was associated with a high postoperative mortality, although these initial experiences included elderly and high-risk patients. Considering the expansion of TAVI procedures towards younger and lower-risk patients, surgical treatment of TAVI endocarditis may represent the best option for a life-saving procedure.
RESUMO
AIM: Aim of the study was to evaluate late outcomes of mitral valve repair with and without the use of prosthetic ring annuloplasty and standardized techniques for the treatment of degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). METHODS: Three hundred and five patients (mean age 62 ± 12 years) underwent mitral valve repair between January 1992 and February 2010 for degenerative MR. In the last five years, all repair techniques were performed routinely using prosthetic ring annuloplasty, with or without quadrangular or triangular resection of posterior leaflet and/or edge-to-edge technique. Mean follow-up (99% complete) was 78 ± 46 (2-220) months. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 0.9% (3/305), 15-year actuarial survival 82% ± 4%. At 15 years freedom from cardiac death was 89% ± 3.7%, from reoperation 84% ± 5.8%, from endocarditis 100%. Independent predictors of all-causes mortality were advanced age at operation (P=0.0006) and mitral valve repair without reductive prosthetic annuloplasty (P=0.0019). Death for cardiac causes was significantly higher when reductive annuloplasty was performed without the use of prosthetic ring (P<0.01). Late progression to moderate or severe MR was observed in 23/299 patients (7.7%). Independent predictors of progression to moderate or severe MR was annuloplasty without the use of prosthetic ring (P=0.0053) and postoperative residual mild MR (P=0.0014). Reoperation was required in 13/299 patients (4.4%). At 10 years freedom from moderate or severe MR was 86% ± 6% and 92% ± 4% in patients with postoperative absent or trivial residual MR, respectively, as compared to 38% ± 15% in those with postoperative residual mild MR (P<0.0001), freedom from reoperation 94% ± 4% and 90% ± 14% vs. 56% ± 16% (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Prosthetic annuloplasty in association with standardized techniques confers over 10 years survival advantage and better durability.
