Kañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), an ancestral Inca seed and optimal functional food and nutraceutical for the industry: Review.

The Andean kañihua seed (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is widely used as an ancestral nutraceutical with great industrial potential and is a little-researched seed. It has high biological and nutritional value due to its protein content of 15-19 %, optimal balance of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, mineral content, vitamins, and non-bitter saponin content. It is a potential source of peptides with different pharmacological activities such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics, among others. It has been a functional food in the Altiplano of Peru and Bolivia since the time of the Incas (between the 12th and 16th centuries) and is a functional food proposal for the world. In this bibliographic review, we present a detailed scientific description of the botanical characteristics, genetics, phytochemical composition, bioactives, and nutritional value. The potential uses at an industrial, medical, pharmacological, and biotechnological level and current advances in scientific research on the kañihua seed. In addition, it is an alternative grain to guarantee food security in terms of quantity, quality, and opportunity.

Magnetic layered double hydroxides with carbamazepine for breast cancer treatment.

Current cancer chemotherapy is associated with many side effects and, in some cases, drug resistance, which makes the search for new active molecules and drug delivery strategies imperative. Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic compound that has shown efficacy against breast cancer cell lines. In this study, it was incorporated into layered double hydroxide nanoclays, the percentage of drug loading was increased compared to previous research, and the clays were impregnated with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The goal of the magnetic Fe3O4-impregnation was to direct the nanocomposites to the therapeutic target with an external magnetic field. The nanoclay-carbamazepine composites had a carbamazepine loading of 51 %, and the nanoclay-carbamazepine-nanoparticles had a drug loading of 13 % due to the addition of more ingredients. The structure of the composites was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Scherrer equation, showing a layered double hydroxide organization with crystal sizes of 9-15 nm; from transmission electron microscopy, the final compounds showed a particle size of 97-158 nm, small enough for systemic circulation. In vibrating sample magnetization studies, the composites showed a superparamagnetic behavior with high magnetic saturation (9-17 emu/gr), which should allow a good material attraction by an external magnetic field located near the tumor. In vitro drug release studies were done in Franz cells and measured by UV/Vis spectrophotometry; they showed that carbamazepine release from the nanocomposites responds to the media pH: a good drug release at the lysosome pH and slow release at the blood pH. Finally, the efficacy was tested in vitro in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the composites showed an enhanced efficacy in comparison with that produced by the free drug (96 % and 62 % of cell inhibition respectively). Carbamazepine administered with magnetic clays as a carrier is a promising treatment for breast cancer, and further studies should be done to measure the arrival time and the efficacy in vivo.

Tratamento orto-cirúrgico de paciente com sorriso gengival e padrão face longa ­ relato de caso / Orto-surgical treatment of patient with gummy smile and long face pattern ­ case report

Resumo Introdução: O padrão Face Longa é uma deformidade facial com aumento da altura facial anterior. Nesse padrão, verifica-se incompetência labial com contração da musculatura perioral. O crescimento dentoalveolar vertical excessivo provoca exposição gengival durante o sorriso, o que constitui a principal queixa do paciente. A prevalência do padrão Face Longa varia de 1,5% a 14,6% na população adulta e aproximadamente metade desses pacientes necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica. Objetivo: relatar o caso clínico de paciente com padrão Face Longa severo tratado com a abordagem ortodôntico-cirúrgica. Métodos: Após um breve tratamento ortodôntico pré-cirúrgico, o paciente foi submetido à cirurgia ortognática. Foi realizada impacção maxilar de 10mm com rotação de plano oclusal e mentoplastia. A tecnologia digital, com imagens tridimensionais, foi aplicada para planejar o tratamento e imprimir guias cirúrgicas. Resultados: O tratamento promoveu selamento labial passivo com exposição gengival adequada no sorriso e um perfil facial reto. A paciente mostrou-se muito satisfeita com os resultados estéticos e funcionais. Conclusão: O tratamento orto-cirúrgico em pacientes com padrão de crescimento vertical é uma excelente alternativa para corrigir a desarmonia esquelética e melhorar a estética facial e do sorriso, além disso, promove forte impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Essa abordagem, quando devidamente planejada por um profissional experiente e com o auxílio da tecnologia digital pode aumentar a previsibilidade e a estabilidade a longo prazo.(AU)

Abstract Introduction: The Long Face pattern is a facial deformity with increased anterior total facial height. In this pattern, there is lip incompetence, and when the lip seals, contraction of the perioral musculature can be evidenced. Excessive dentoalveolar growth leads to gingival overexposure during smile, which is the patient's main complaint. The prevalence of Long Face pattern ranges from 1,5% to 14,6% in adult population and approximately half of these patients require surgical intervention. Objective: to report a clinical case of a patient with severe Long Face pattern treated with an orthodontic-surgical approach. Methods: After a brief pre-surgical orthodontic treatment the patient underwent orthognathic surgery. It was performed a 10mm maxillary impaction with occlusal plane rotation and mentoplasty. The digital technology with three-dimensional images was ­ to plan the treatment and print surgical splints. Results: Treatment promoted passive lip seal with adequate smiling gingival exposure and a straight profile. Patient became very satisfied with the aesthetical and functional results. Conclusion: Ortho-surgical treatment in patients with vertical growth pattern is an excellent alternative to correct skeletal disharmony and improve facial and smile aesthetics, besides that it promotes a strong positive impact on the quality of life of individuals. This approach when properly planned by an experienced professional and with the aid of digital technology may increase predictability and long-term stability.(AU)

Drug release profiles of modified MCM-41 with superparamagnetic behavior correlated with the employed synthesis method.

Mesoporous materials with superparamagnetic properties were successfully synthesized by two different methods: direct incorporation (DI) and wet impregnation (WI). The synthetized solids were evaluated as host of drugs for delivery systems and their physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD, ICP, N2 adsorption-desorption, spectroscopies of UV-Vis DR, FT-IR and their magnetic properties were measured. Indomethacin (IND) was incorporated into the materials and the kinetic of the release profiles was studied by applying the Pepas and Sahlin model. In this sense, materials modified by DI, particularly that with hydrothermal treatment, showed the higher adsorption capacity and slower release rate. This behavior could be associated to the synthesis method used that allowed a high percentage of silanol groups available in the solids surface, which can interact with the IND molecule. This feature coupled with the superparamagnetic behavior; make these materials very interesting for drug delivery systems.

Evaluation of corticosterone and IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α expression after 670-nm laser photobiomodulation in rats.

The literature has shown that low-level laser therapy accelerates the repair of cutaneous wounds. However, there is a scarcity of scientific studies that characterise the possible systemic interference of laser photobiomodulation. The aim of this research was to quantitatively evaluate blood corticosterone levels and tissue cytokine expression in cutaneous wounds of rats treated with low-level laser therapy (semiconductor diode AsGaAl, continuous emission, 9 mW, 670 nm, 0.031 W/cm(2), beam with an output area of 0.28 cm(2)) and normal controls. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into two groups of 18 rats each. A standardised circular 6-mm-diameter wound was made in the dorsal skin region of each rat, and they were euthanised at 1, 6 and 12 h after cutaneous surgery. The blood was collected, and portions of cutaneous tissue and subcutaneous muscle were removed and cryopreserved. Corticosterone levels in the blood were measured by a radioimmunoassay technique; histological sections were submitted to the ELISA technique for analysis of tissue cytokine expression levels. At 6 h after surgery, a significant increase in corticosterone and a significant reduction in the levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 in tissues of irradiated wounds were observed when compared to controls (p < 0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-10 expression were not significantly different between the groups at different time intervals. Thus, this study strongly suggests a systemic and local biomodulation of low-level laser therapy as indicated by the blood levels of corticosterone and the tissue expression of IL-1ß and IL-6, respectively.

Acesso subciliar para fraturas do complexo zigomático-orbitário / Subciliar approach for zygomatic-orbital complex fractures

Diversos acessos cirúrgicos podem ser utilizados no tratamentode fraturas do complexo zigomático-orbitário. A incisão subciliarpromove uma excelente exposição do rebordo infraorbitário,assoalho e parede lateral de órbita com localização que a tornaimperceptível após a reparação tecidual. Contudo, o aumentoda exposição da esclera e o ectrópio são possíveis sequelasassociadas a este tipo de acesso. Este trabalho tem por objetivoapresentar caso clínico de fratura de complexo zigomáticoorbitárioe discutir aspectos relativos a variações da técnicacirúrgica que elucidam a evolução da mesma, minimizandopossíveis sequelas pós-operatórias.

Estudo prospectivo longitudinal multicêntrico avaliando o sucesso clínico de uma nova macro-geometria de implantes osseointegráveis: acompanhamento de 06 a 12 meses / A multi-center prospective longitudinal study evaluating the clinical success rates of osseointegrated implants with a new macro-geometry: 6 to 12 months follow-up

No cenário atual da Implantodontia, a necessidade de reduzir o tempo de tratamento, assim como simplificar os procedimentos clínicos, vem sendo motivo de diversos estudos, sendo que a divergência de resultados promove a necessidade de novas pesquisas para definir a relação existente entre a macro-geometria do implante e sua taxa de sucesso. O objetivo do presente estudo multicêntrico foi avaliar prospectivamente a taxa de sucesso de um novo conceito em macro-geometria de implantes osseointegrados. O estudo foi conduzido em cinco centros de pesquisa clínica ligados ao Instituto Nacional de Experimentos e Pesquisas Odontológicos – INEPO. Os implantes utilizados apresentavam formato cilíndrico, paredes paralelas com conicidade apical, três tipos de rosca e perfil de corte quadrado. Foram selecionados pacientes que necessitavam de reabilitação oral de casos unitários, parciais e totais. Após a reabilitação protética, os pacientes foram acompanhados por 06 a 12 meses e os implantes avaliados nos critérios: ausência de dor ou desconforto durante função, ausência de mobilidade, perda óssea radiográfica <2 milímetros a partir da cirurgia inicial e sem história de exsudatos. Este estudo teve um total de 603 implantes instalados em 207 pacientes (39% homens e 61% mulheres), com faixa etária de 24 a 83 anos (média de 51,31 anos), distribuídos da seguinte forma: maxila anterior (29,2%), maxila posterior (23,1%), mandíbula anterior (33,3%) e mandíbula posterior (14,4%). Houve a perda de 3 implantes obtendo uma taxa global de sucesso de 99,51%. Nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados concorreu para o sucesso dos implantes (Fischer exact test, p>0,05). A nova macro-geometria apresentou resultados clínicos de sucesso compatíveis com a literatura mundial em uma amostra heterogênea com acompanhamento clínico de 06 a 12 meses após a instalação da reabilitação protética.

In the current scenario of Implantology, the need to reduce treatment time and simplify the clinical procedures, have been subject of several studies, and the divergence of results promotes the need for further research to define the relationship between macro-geometry of the implant and its success rates. The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate prospectively the success rates of a new concept in macro-geometry of dental implants. The study was conducted in Five clinical research centers linked to the National Institute of Dental Research and Experiments – INEPO. The implants had a cylindrical shape, with parallel walls, tapered apex, and three differente squared threads and were used in selected patients Who required oral rehabilitation with dental implants. After the prosthetic rehabilitation, patients were followed for 06-12 months and the implants were evaluated according to the following criteria: no pain or discomfort during function, lack of mobility, radiographic boné loss <2 mm and no history of exudates. This study had a total of 603 implants placed in 207 patients (39% men and 61% women), aged 24-83 years (mean 51.31 years), distributed as follows: the anterior maxilla (29.2%), posterior maxilla (23.1%), anterior mandible (33.3%) and posterior mandible (14.4%). There was the loss of three implants getting an overall success rate of 99.51%. None of these parameters contributed to the success of implants (Fischer exact test, p> 0.05). The new macro-geometry showed successful clinical results consistent with the literature in a heterogeneous sample with clinical 06-12 months follow-up after the implant supported prosthetic rehabilitation.

Pilar personalizado em zircônia: relato de caso clínico / Customized zirconia abutment: case report report

Pilares metálicos têm sido amplamente utilizados em reabilitações implanto-suportadas ao longo dos anos. No entanto, estes componentes preenchem apenas parcialmente os requisitos estéticos e biológicos necessários para o sucesso das próteses sobre implantes. A utilização das cerâmicas odontológicas para pilares e coroas provê melhor translucidez e biocompatibilidade se comparada à combinação entre pilares metálicos e restaurações metalocerâmicas. Além disso, evitam o escurecimento geralmente associado com componentes metálicos, transmitidos através dos tecidos peri-implantares. A introdução de pilares cerâmicos à base de alumina possibilitou a confecção de restaurações totalmente livres de metal, com propriedades ópticas semelhantes ao dente natural e maior lisura de superfície, diminuindo a agregação bacteriana. Apesar das vantagens, estes pilares apresentavam problemas como radiolucidez em exames radiográficos, para análise da adaptação após assentamento e relativamente baixa resistência à fratura. Assim, hoje estão sendo introduzidos no mercado pilares com incorporação de óxido de zircônia, possibilitando a ampliação do uso de pilares estéticos pelo aumento da resistência à fratura a níveis comparados aos pilares metálicos. Desta forma, este artigo tem o objetivo de relatar uma reabilitação unitária implantossuportada utilizando um novo pilar cerâmico à base de zircônia.

Metal implant abutments have been widely used in implant-supported restorations for years. Though, such abutments only partially fulfill the esthetic and biological requirements needed for successful implant prostheses. The use of dental ceramics for abutments and crowns would provide better translucency and biocompatibility compared to combination of metal abutments and ceramometal crowns. They also eliminate the metal shining, generally associated with metal components, transmitted through peri-implant tissues. The introduction of alumina-based ceramic abutments provided all-ceramic implant restorations with optical properties similar to natural tooth and increased surface smoothness, minimizing bacterial aggregation. Although it had advantages, this abutment presented problems such as radiolucency at the time of radiologic examination of marginal adaptation and relatively low fracture resistance. Recently, zirconium oxide abutments have been introduced and increased ceramic abutment applications due to its high fracture resistance similar to metal abutments. The aim of the present study is to report a single unit implant-supported restoration utilizing a new zirconia-based ceramic abutment.

Treatment with a growth factor-protein mixture inhibits formation of mineralized nodules in osteogenic cell cultures grown on titanium.

Despite wide clinical application, the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for repairing bone defects and enhancing osseointegration of metal implants is still subject of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a well-defined PRP-like mixture containing platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, albumin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin [growth factors (GFs) + proteins] on the development of the osteogenic phenotype on titanium (Ti) in vitro. Human alveolar bone-derived osteoblastic cells were subcultured on Ti discs and exposed during the first 7 days to osteogenic medium supplemented with GFs + proteins and to osteogenic medium alone thereafter up to 14 days. Control cultures were exposed to only osteogenic medium. Dose-response experiments were carried out using rat primary calvarial cells exposed to GFs + proteins and 1:10 or 1:100 dilutions of the mixture. Treated human-derived cell cultures exhibited a significantly higher number of cycling cells at days 1 and 4 and of total cells at days 4 and 7, significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at days 4, 7, and 10, and no Alizarin red-stained areas (calcium deposits) at day 14, indicating an impairment in osteoblast differentiation. Although the 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of the mixture restored the proliferative activity of rat-derived osteogenic cells to control levels and promoted a significant increase in ALP activity at day 10 compared with GFs + proteins, mineralized nodule formation was only observed with the 1:100 dilution ( approximately 50% of the control). These results showed that a PRP-like protein mixture inhibits development of the osteogenic phenotype in both human and rat osteoblastic cell cultures grown on Ti.

Effects of a mixture of growth factors and proteins on the development of the osteogenic phenotype in human alveolar bone cell cultures.

Strategies to promote bone repair have included exposure of cells to growth factor (GF) preparations from blood that generally include proteins as part of a complex mixture. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of such a mixture on different parameters of the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro. Osteoblastic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of human alveolar bone and cultured under standard osteogenic conditions until subconfluence. They were subcultured on Thermanox coverslips up to 14 days. Treated cultures were exposed during the first 7 days to osteogenic medium supplemented with a GFs + proteins mixture containing the major components found in platelet extracts [platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, albumin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin] and to osteogenic medium alone thereafter. Control cultures were exposed only to the osteogenic medium. Treated cultures exhibited a significantly higher number of adherent cells from day 4 onward and of cycling cells at days 1 and 4, weak alkaline phosphatase (ALP) labeling, and significantly decreased levels of ALP activity and mRNA expression. At day 14, no Alizarin red-stained nodular areas were detected in cultures treated with GFs + proteins. Results were confirmed in the rat calvaria-derived osteogenic cell culture model. The addition of bone morphogenetic protein 7 or growth and differentiation factor 5 to treated cultures upregulated Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression, but surprisingly, ALP activity was not restored. These results showed that a mixture of GFs + proteins affects the development of the osteogenic phenotype both in human and rat cultures, leading to an increase in the number of cells, but expressed a less differentiated state.

Acesso transconjuntival para fraturas do complexo zigomático-orbitário: relato de caso / Transconjunctival approach for zygomatic orbital complex fractures: case report

O acesso transconjuntival com cantotomia lateral para fraturas de órbita proporciona ao cirurgião adequadaexposição cirúrgica com baixo índice de complicações e excelentes resultados estéticos. Minimizar cicatrizesfaciais é meta da cirurgia de face. Este tipo de acesso elimina a necessidade de incisões transcutâneas empálpebra superior e inferior assim como suas complicações: cicatrizes perceptíveis, retração de pálpebra inferior e ectrópio. O acesso transconjuntival, através de incisão única, propicia exposição de fraturas em margem infra-orbitária, assoalho de órbita e margem lateral por meio da cantotomia lateral. Esta cicatriza empoucas semanas, tornando-se imperceptível. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar caso clínico e discutiraspectos relativos à técnica cirúrgica como opção de tratamento para fraturas de complexo zigomático-orbitário.