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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 13(50): 199-211, abr.-jun. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-89724

RESUMO

Introducción: la obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud dada su asociación, a cualquier edad, con una extensa comorbilidad, destacando la enfermedad cardiovascular y la diabetes tipo 2. Su presencia en la infancia supone un riesgo de persistencia en edades posteriores. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el riesgo que tienen los niños que son obesos según el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), a distintas edades, de mantener este estado cuando son jóvenes adultos. Pacientes y métodos: se realiza un estudio longitudinal de 153 niños nacidos en 1989, determinando su percentil de IMC por edad y sexo, a los 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11 y 14 años, e IMC a los 18 años. Se calcula el riesgo relativo que presentan los niños que son obesos a cada una de estas edades de presentar obesidad a los 18-19 años. Resultados: los niños que presentan obesidad a partir de los seis años tienen un riesgo claro (de 7 a 23) de mantener obesidad a los 18 años, siendo máximo este riesgo (23,8) a los 11 años: 40,9 en niñas y 11,7 en niños. La prevalencia de obesidad a los 18 años es del 7,18%, (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 3,0-11,0) (6,25% en hombres y 7,86% en mujeres) y la de sobrepeso es del 18,3%, (IC 95%: 11,9-24,0), (26,56% en hombres y 12,35% en mujeres). Conclusiones: los niños que son obesos a partir de los seis años presentan riesgo de ser obesos a los 18-19 años (AU)


Introduction: obesity is one of the most important problems in public health. It’s associated, at any age, with extensive comorbidity, notably cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes. When present in childhood, obesity poses a risk of remaining at later ages. The objective of this study is to know the risk of children who are obese (according to Body Mass Index: BMI) at different stages of childhood, to stay obese when they become young adults. Subjects and methods: a long-term study of 153 children born in 1989 is carried out, calculating their BMI at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, and 18 years old. The relative risk of the children who are obese at each one of those ages to remain obese at 18-19 was calculated. Results: children who are obese at 6, or later, showed an evident risk (from 7 to 23) to stay obese at 18. This risk peaks (23.8) at 11 years old, with figures of 40.9 in girls and 11.7 in boys. The prevalence of obesity at 18 is 7.18% (CI: 3.0-11.0) (6.25% in males, and 7.86 in females); the prevalence of overweight is 18.3% (CI: 11.9-24.0) (26.56% in males and 12.35% in females). Conclusions: children who are obese at age 6, or older, show a higher risk of remaining obese at 18-19 years old (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Comorbidade , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Estudos Longitudinais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Obesidade Mórbida/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes
2.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(4): 173-180, abr. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88002

RESUMO

Introducción. La obesidad es un diagnóstico cada vez más frecuente en nuestra sociedad. Existe una relación ampliamente documentada entre la existencia de obesidad en infancia, adolescencia y edad adulta y la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). Es objetivo de este estudio describir las características en cuanto a datos antropométricos y analíticos de la población nacida en 1989 y en seguimiento desde los 2 años en un centro de salud; y la relación entre el exceso de peso y la presencia de FRCV en el momento actual y en los pacientes que ya tenían exceso de peso en la infancia. Pacientes y métodos. Se realiza un estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de cohorte. De los 277 pacientes de la muestra inicial, se logra contactar telefónicamente con 153 que participan en el estudio actual y a los que se realiza analítica, medición de parámetros antropométricos y toma de tensión arterial. Resultados. La prevalencia de obesidad en los sujetos del estudio fue del 7,18% y la de sobrepeso del 18,3%. En cuanto a la presencia de FRCV (hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, colesterol HDL bajo, diabetes), el 72,72% de los participantes obesos presentó alteración de uno o más de ellos, existiendo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la obesidad y la presencia de hipertensión, hipertrigliceridemia y HDL bajo. Conclusión. La obesidad y el sobrepeso son frecuentes en adultos jóvenes. Tanto el diagnóstico de obesidad en edad adulta, como su diagnóstico en la infancia, se relacionan con una mayor frecuencia de aparición de FRCV (AU)


Introduction. The diagnosis of obesity is becoming increasingly common in our society. The relationship between obesity in children, young and adult populations and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) have been extensively documented. The aim of the present study is to describe the anthropometric and analytical characteristics of a population born in 1989, and being followed-up from two years of age. They all attended the same health care centre. The relationship between previous and current weight excess and the presence of CVRF was also studied. Patients and methods. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study has been performed. Of the 277 patients from the initial sample, 153 were invited to participate in the study. Anthropometrics measurements, blood tests and blood pressure data were collected. Results. The prevalence of weight disorders in the sample were 7.18% (obesity) and 18.3% (overweight). As regards the presence of CVRF (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, diabetes), 72.72% of the sample have at least one CVRF, showing a strong statistical relationship between obesity and some CVRF. Conclusion. Obesity and overweight are becoming common in the young adult population. An obesity diagnosis at adult age, as well as in childhood, is strongly associated with the presence of CVRF (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Fatores de Risco , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Antropometria/métodos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Longitudinais , 28599 , Análise de Variância
3.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(1): 39-44, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15989870

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is an increasingly common diagnosis in western society and is related to certain changes in lifestyle. Because of its persistence in adulthood and its relationship with several pathological entities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, it has become one of the most important problems in children's health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14-year-old adolescents attending the pediatric outpatient clinics of a primary care center in 2003, and their weight changes from the age of two years old. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A long-term study of 277 children born in 1989 was performed. Their body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the age of 2,3,4,6,8,11 and 14 years. Obesity was defined as a BMI > P95 and overweight as a BMI > P85 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity in 14 year-olds was 13.2% (15.2% in boys and 11.5% in girls). The prevalence of overweight was 17.4% (18.7% in boys and 16.2% in girls). Gender differences were not significant in any of the age groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14 year-old adolescents in our centers is considerable and is similar to that reported in other Spanish regions. The pediatric outpatient clinics of primary care centers should play an active role in the control and prevention of obesity.


Assuntos
Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(1): 39-44, jul. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-040465

RESUMO

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un diagnóstico cada vez más frecuente en las sociedades occidentales. Su aparición se relaciona con determinados cambios en los estilos de vida. Por sus implicaciones en cuanto a persistencia en etapas posteriores de la vida y relación con diversas entidades patológicas, como la enfermedad cardiovascular y la diabetes, se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud infantil más importantes. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en 2003 en la población de 14 años atendida en las consultas de pediatría de un centro de atención primaria, así como la evolución ponderal de esta cohorte desde los 2 años de edad. Pacientes y métodos. Se realiza un estudio longitudinal de los 277 niños nacidos en 1989, determinando su índice de masa corporal (IMC) a los 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11 y 14 años. Se considera obesidad un IMC > P95, y sobrepeso IMC > P85, según las tablas de los Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) de 2000. Resultados. La prevalencia de obesidad a los 14 años es del 13,2 % (15,2 % en niños y 11,5 % en niñas). La prevalencia de sobrepeso es de 17,4 % (18,7 % en niños y 16,2 % en niñas). Las diferencias entre sexos no son significativas en ninguna de las edades en que se realizan determinaciones. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso a los 14 años en los niños de nuestras consultas es importante y comparable a la registrada en otras zonas de España. Las consultas de pediatría de atención primaria deben tener un papel relevante en la prevención y control de la misma


Introduction. Childhood obesity is an increasingly common diagnosis in western society and is related to certain changes in lifestyle. Because of its persistence in adulthood and its relationship with several pathological entities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, it has become one of the most important problems in children's health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14-year-old adolescents attending the pediatric outpatient clinics of a primary care center in 2003, and their weight changes from the age of two years old. Subjects and methods. A long-term study of 277 children born in 1989 was performed. Their body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the age of 2,3,4,6,8,11 and 14 years. Obesity was defined as a BMI > P95 and overweight as a BMI > P85 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts 2000. Results. The prevalence of obesity in 14 year-olds was 13.2 % (15.2 % in boys and 11.5 % in girls). The prevalence of overweight was 17.4 % (18.7 % in boys and 16.2 % in girls). Gender differences were not significant in any of the age groups studied. Conclusions. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14 year-old adolescents in our centers is considerable and is similar to that reported in other Spanish regions. The pediatric outpatient clinics of primary care centers should play an active role in the control and prevention of obesity


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Peso Corporal , Estudos Longitudinais , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal
5.
An Esp Pediatr ; 52(2): 157-63, 2000 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11003882

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine antibiotic prescribing patterns in the pediatric (infants and children) population attended to at a primary health care centre in the community of Madrid. We also wanted to determine the necessity or otherwise of antibiotic therapy and whether the selected antibiotic drug was appropriate for the pathology diagnosed. METHODS: Retrospective study of all infectious or respiratory processes diagnosed during 1 year and of the respective antibiotic cycles prescribed in all patients under the age of 4 years. The prescribing physician and the appropriateness of all therapeutic decisions, including those where the decision was not to treat with antibiotic drugs, were analyzed. RESULTS: We evaluated 910 children under the age of 4 years with a total of 3, 847 processes (mean of 4.55 +/-3.6 processes per child per year). Sixty-three percent of the children received at least one cycle of antibiotic drugs per year (mean 1.63+/-1.69 cycles of treatment per child per year). Of all therapeutic decisions, 85.2% were considered appropriate. In 36% of the processes antibiotics were prescribed (1,386 cycles), 46% of which were considered inappropriate either because no antibiotic therapy should have been given (71.6%) or because the chosen drug was not appropriate for the pathology (28.4%). There were significant differences among the evaluated physicians. The most correct decisions were taken by the pediatrician in the outpatient clinic, especially when compared with physicians in the emergency ward (p<0.0001). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic drugs were amoxicillin (41.2%) and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid (33%). Cephalosporin accounted only for 6.9% of the prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic therapy is overprescribed in children, a situation that should be corrected.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Padrões de Prática Médica , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pediatria , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 52(2): 157-163, feb. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2407

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer los patrones de prescripción de antibióticos en la población lactante y preescolar de un centro de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid, así como la necesidad o no de dicho tratamiento y su adecuación a la patología diagnosticada. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los procesos infecciosos y respiratorios, así como los ciclos de tratamiento antibiótico recibido, de todos los niños menores de 4 años, durante un año. Se analizó el facultativo prescriptor, así como la adecuación de las decisiones terapéuticas tanto positivas como negativas (sin tratamiento). Resultados Se evaluaron 910 niños de 0-4 años, que presentaron un total de 3.847 procesos infecciosos o respiratorios con una media de 4,55 ñ 3,6 por niño y año. El 63 por ciento de los niños recibió al menos un ciclo antibiótico al año, con una media de 1,63 ñ 1,9 ciclos por niño y año. Se consideraron adecuadas un 85,2 por ciento de las 3.847 decisiones terapéuticas. El 36 por ciento de los procesos recibieron tratamiento antibiótico, lo cual supuso un total de 1.386 ciclos antibióticos. De ellos, el 46,2 por ciento se consideró inadecuado, mayoritariamente (71,6 por ciento) porque no debieron haberse prescrito y los restantes (28,4 por ciento) porque fueron mal elegidos. Hay diferencias entre los facultativos prescriptores, siendo la prescripción más correcta cuando se evalúa al pediatra habitual responsable de la consulta frente a otros médicos fundamentalmente de servicios de urgencias (p < 0,0001). Los antibióticos más utilizados fueron amoxicilina (41,2 por ciento) y amoxicilina-clavulánico (33 por ciento). Las cefalosporinas supusieron un 6,9 por ciento del total. Conclusiones: Se detecta un uso excesivo de antibióticos en la población preescolar que debe ser corregido (AU)


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Pediatria , Estudos Retrospectivos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Antibacterianos , Estudos Transversais
7.
An Esp Pediatr ; 33(2): 149-50, 1990 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2275496

RESUMO

Two cases of benign intracraneal hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri, associated with non specific infective illness, in infants are reported. Presenting symptoms were vomiting, irritability and bulging anterior fontanelle. Both infants had rapid resolution of their symptoms after lumbar puncture, although the second case had recurrences with further febrile diseases. We suggest that a non specific infective illness can interfere transiently with cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.


Assuntos
Pseudotumor Cerebral/diagnóstico , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pseudotumor Cerebral/terapia , Punção Espinal
8.
An Esp Pediatr ; 30(3): 185-6, 1989 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2729787

RESUMO

In the present paper the incidence and severity of croup during the months of september, october and november of the last three years is analyzed. The existence of an important outbreak of laryngitis in the autumn of 1987, with a peak of incidence during the month of october is shown. A prospective study about the children with croup admitted in a pediatric center during the epidemic period in 1987. Was done after serologic and cell-virus culture tests it became clear that the parainfluenza virus type 1 was the cause of the outbreak, as excepted. We suggest the possibility of another laryngitis outbreak in 1989 if there is not change in the epidemiologic pattern of the virus.


Assuntos
Laringite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha
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