Mortality trends and years of potential life lost due to suicide in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the trend in mortality rates and years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to suicide among adolescents in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: This is an ecological time series study, with secondary data from 2011 to 2020 from the Mortality Information System for adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the Northeast region of Brazil. Groups of causes from the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases were included: X60-X84 (intentionally self-inflicted injuries), Y10-Y19 (poisoning of undetermined intent), and Y87 (sequelae of intentional self-harm). Mortality coefficients and frequency distribution by sociodemographic variables, place of occurrence, and method of suicide were estimates. YPLL were estimated by gender and age. Joinpoint regression analysis was used, and the annual percentage change (APC) was determined with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 2,410 deaths were recorded, with a predominance of adolescents aged between 15 and 19, males, of mixed-race, low schooling, and home was the main place of occurrence. The trend in the death rate was increasing in the Northeast (APC: 3.6%; p = 0.001), in girls aged 10 to 14 (APC: 8.7%; p = 0.003), in boys aged 15 to 19 (APC: 4.6%; p = 0.002) and in Bahia (APC: 8.1%; p = 0.012). Hanging/strangulation was the main method adopted by both sexes. The YPLL due to suicide were 11,110 in 2011 and 14,960 in 2020. CONCLUSION: The precociousness of suicide committed by girls and the increase in mortality among older adolescents are noteworthy, and specific preventive measures need to be adopted for these groups in order to reduce this preventable cause of death.

Mortality trends and years of potential life lost due to suicide in adolescents / Tendência da mortalidade e anos potenciais de vida perdidos por suicídio de adolescentes

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the trend in mortality rates and years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to suicide among adolescents in Northeast Brazil. METHODS This is an ecological time series study, with secondary data from 2011 to 2020 from the Mortality Information System for adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the Northeast region of Brazil. Groups of causes from the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases were included: X60-X84 (intentionally self-inflicted injuries), Y10-Y19 (poisoning of undetermined intent), and Y87 (sequelae of intentional self-harm). Mortality coefficients and frequency distribution by sociodemographic variables, place of occurrence, and method of suicide were estimates. YPLL were estimated by gender and age. Joinpoint regression analysis was used, and the annual percentage change (APC) was determined with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS A total of 2,410 deaths were recorded, with a predominance of adolescents aged between 15 and 19, males, of mixed-race, low schooling, and home was the main place of occurrence. The trend in the death rate was increasing in the Northeast (APC: 3.6%; p = 0.001), in girls aged 10 to 14 (APC: 8.7%; p = 0.003), in boys aged 15 to 19 (APC: 4.6%; p = 0.002) and in Bahia (APC: 8.1%; p = 0.012). Hanging/strangulation was the main method adopted by both sexes. The YPLL due to suicide were 11,110 in 2011 and 14,960 in 2020. CONCLUSION The precociousness of suicide committed by girls and the increase in mortality among older adolescents are noteworthy, and specific preventive measures need to be adopted for these groups in order to reduce this preventable cause of death.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a tendência das taxas de mortalidade e os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) por suicídio entre adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados secundários de 2011 a 2020 do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, de adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram incluídos os grupos de causas da 10ª Revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças: X60-X84 (lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente), Y10-Y19 (intoxicação de intenção indeterminada) e Y87 (sequela de lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente). Calculou-se os coeficientes de mortalidade e a distribuição de frequências por variáveis sociodemográficas, local de ocorrência e método de suicídio adotado. Os APVP foram estimados por sexo e idade. Foi utilizada a análise de regressão por Joinpoint e determinada a variação percentual anual (APC) com intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS Registrou-se 2.410 óbitos, com predomínio de adolescentes entre 15 e 19 anos, sexo masculino, raça/cor parda, baixa escolaridade e, como principal local de ocorrência, o domicílio. A tendência da taxa de óbitos foi crescente no Nordeste (APC: 3,6%; p = 0,001),em meninas de 10 a 14 anos (APC: 8,7%; p = 0,003), em meninos de 15 a 19 anos (APC: 4,6%;p = 0,002) e na Bahia (APC: 8,1%; p = 0,012). Enforcamento/estrangulamento foi o principal método adotado em ambos os sexos. Os APVP por suicídio foram de 11.110 anos em 2011 e de 14.960 em 2020. CONCLUSÕES Chama a atenção a precocidade do suicídio cometido pelas meninas e o aumento da mortalidade entre os adolescentes mais velhos, sendo necessária a adoção de medidas preventivas específicas para esses grupos, a fim de reduzir esta causa evitável de morte.