Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Graves' Disease: Smoking and Age as Predictive Factors.

OBJECTIVES: Hypermetabolic state in Graves' disease (GD) has a great impact on heart homeostasis, acting directly on the heart muscle and modulating the autonomic nervous system. To characterize cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) as a possible complication in patients with GD. METHODS: We evaluated euthyroid GD patients and a control group of healthy euthyroid people. CAN was assessed using autonomic tests of cardiovascular reflex and heart rate variability: respiratory, Valsalva, orthostatic and orthostatic hypotension tests, high frequency, low frequency, and very low-frequency bands. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in GD patients. RESULTS: Sixty GD patients and 50 people in control group were assessed. CAN was diagnosed in 20% of GD and 14% in the control group. Among GD, 13.3% presented incipient, and 6.7% established CAN, while in the control group, it was verified incipient in 8% and established in 6% (P = .7479). All GD patients with CAN presented an alteration in the deep breathing test. Age and smoking were evidenced as factors associated with the presence of CAN, while higher TRAb values at diagnosis decreased the chance of CAN. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CAN in euthyroid GD patients was 20%. Changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system were identified, pointing to the importance of evaluating this complication in these patients. Smoking was a predictive factor for CAN, increasing its relationship with conditions that aggravate GD.

Interplay Between Thyroid Hormone Status and Pulmonary Hypertension in Graves' Disease: Relevance of the Assessment in Thyrotoxic and Euthyroid Patients.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and can cause cardiac changes, such as pulmonary hypertension. Methods: This is a prospective study in which we obtained demographic, clinical, laboratory data and characteristics of the GD, in addition to investigating cardiorespiratory function, focusing on the detection of pulmonary hypertension. Patients were separated into two groups: thyrotoxicosis and euthyroidism. Ninety patients with GD of both sexes, over 18 years of age, were included. The cardiorespiratory assessment included an echocardiographic evaluation, a questionnaire of specific symptoms, spirometry and a six-minute walk test. Results: The hyperthyroid group included 42 patients (47.73%) and the euthyroid group 46 patients (52.27%); 78 were women (86.67%). The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension between the hyperthyroidism (48.57%) and the euthyroidism (29.41%) groups was not different. Free thyroxine levels (FT4) (OR 1.266), higher left atrium volume (OR 1.113) and right ventricle diameter were associated with pulmonary hypertension. A direct correlation between FT4 with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), as also an inverse correlation between initial oxygen saturation (SpO2) with diagnostic time and drop SpO2 with the ratio between the diastolic velocity E of the mitral flow and the diastolic velocity of the mitral ring (E/e') were observed in the euthyroid group. An inverse correlation between FT4 levels with walked distance as % of predicted value, and a direct correlation between E/e' ratio and walked distance as % of predicted value were observed in the hyperthyroid group. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of a cardiorespiratory reassessment in GD, even after a long-term control of the thyrotoxic state, as we demonstrate that about 30% of these patients remain with PH and are subject to specific treatment.

[Angioedema related to the use of streptokinase]. / Angioedema relacionado ao uso de estreptoquinase.

Angioedema is a rare reaction to streptokinase, acute and potentially fatal, which should be quickly diagnosed and treated to guarantee the best prognosis for the patient. We describe here the case of a 65-year-old man, who displayed an anaphylactic reaction after the beginning of thrombolysis with streptokinase, which was quickly treated, and remained hospitalized for one week in the Intensive Care Unit.

Angioedema relacionado ao uso de estreptoquinase / Angioedema related to the use of streptokinase

O angioedema é uma reacão rara, aguda e potencialmente fatal, à estreptoquinase, devendo ser diagnosticada prontamente e tratada para garantir melhor prognóstico ao paciente. Descrevemos aqui o caso de um homem de 65 anos, que apresentou reacão anafilática após o início de trombólise com estreptoquinase, sendo rapidamente tratado, permaneceu uma semana internado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.