Intraoral and facial rehabilitation retained with zygomatic implants and magnets after complete resection of the maxilla, lip and nose: A clinical report.

Prosthetic rehabilitation is an option available for patients with extensive maxillofacial defects with the ability to restore esthetics and function. The surgical procedure can result in anatomical and functional sequelae leading to functional, psychological and aesthetic disorders. This clinical case report describes the unique and highly-specialized fabrication method of an oral and facial prosthesis for a patient with a near total maxillectomy, excision of upper lip, rhinectomy and radiotherapy for treatment of an extensive malignant neoplasm. Four carefully placed zygomatic implants were used to retain an oral obturator and an external mid-facial prosthesis. A well-functioning maxillofacial prosthesis is essential for improving quality of life, psychological adjustment to cancer and cancer related disabilities, and a positive coping response. The prosthetic rehabilitation allowed the patient's reintegration into society accompanying the satisfactory restoration of aesthetics, phonetics, mastication, and deglutition. Key words:Maxillectomy, rhinectomy, maxillofacial prosthesis, zygomatic implants, head and neck neoplasm.

Stylohyoid syndrome: surgical approach.

The best-known cervicopharyngeal pain is Eagle syndrome, in which symptomatic elongation of the stylomandibular process occurs and may be accompanied by stylohyoid ligament calcification. Among the causes of elongation of the styloid process, the following may be mentioned: history of trauma, styloid ligament calcification, and formation of bony tissue in the insertion of the styloid ligament. When there is no history of trauma or surgery, it is called the stylohyoid syndrome. In the current study, the clinical case of 34-year-old woman is reported, complaining of pain in the region of the neck, without any history of neck surgery or trauma. A panoramic radiograph and computed tomographic scan showed bilateral elongation of the styloid process. Extraoral surgical intervention was the treatment of choice. It is important to point out that dentists should be aware of this condition to contribute to a better diagnosis and therapeutic procedure.

Unusual presentation of active implant periapical lesions: a report of two cases.

Active implant periapical lesion (IPL) is a rare lesion which has been reported as one of the causes of dental implant failures. Usually, an affected implant shows radiolucency in the apical area, while remaining clinically stable. IPL is often accompanied by symptoms of pain, swelling, tenderness, and fistulation. In this paper, we describe two cases of IPL with very unusual findings which led to implant failure. A large IPL associated with an inflammatory cyst in the anterior maxilla, and a mandibular IPL resulting in an extra-oral fistula are presented. The etiology and treatment approaches for IPL are discussed.

Accuracy evaluation of computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in zygomatic implant placement in human cadavers.

Presurgical planning is essential to achieve esthetic and functional implants. For implant planning and placement, the association of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques furnishes some advantages regarding tridimensional determination of the patient's anatomy and fabrication of both anatomic models and surgical guides. The goal of this clinical study was to determine the angular deviations between planned and placed zygomatic implants using stereolithographic surgical guides in human cadavers. A total of 16 zygomatic implants were placed, 4 in each cadaver, with the use of stereolithographic (SLA) surgical guides generated by computed tomography (CT). A new CT scan was made after implant insertion. The angle between the long axis of the planned and actual implants was calculated. The mean angular deviation of the long axis between the planned and placed implants was 8.06 ± 6.40 (mean ± SD) for the anterior-posterior view, and 11.20 ± 9.75 (mean ± SD) for the caudal-cranial view. Use of the zygomatic implant, in the context of this protocol, should probably be reevaluated because some large deviations were noted. An implant insertion guiding system is needed because this last step is carried out manually. It is recommended that the sinus slot technique should be used together with the CT-based drilling guide to enhance final results. Further research to enhance the precision of zygomatic implant placement should be undertaken.

An intraoral surgical approach to the styloid process in Eagle's syndrome.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present an alternative method to the extraoral surgical approach to remove the elongated styloid process, the intraoral surgical approach, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. A literature review is also presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A casuistic of intraoral surgical approach to remove the elongated styloid process is presented in five patients. RESULTS: Four patients experienced postoperative moderate pain and trismus for 1 week. Bilateral surgery in one patient caused severe trismus, great discomfort, and moderate difficulty in breathing. All were followed up for 6 months and showed complete relief of the oral pharyngeal symptoms and complete improvement in functional ability. DISCUSSION: The advantages of the external approach are good visualization and reduced possibility of deep neck space infection. The disadvantages are an external scar, longer duration of surgery, and risk of injury to the facial nerve. The advantages of the intraoral approach are that the method is safe, simple, and less time consuming and an external scar is avoided. The disadvantages are possible infection of deep neck spaces, risk of injury to major vessels, and poor visualization. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoral resection of the styloid process is a safe treatment technique of Eagle's syndrome. It is not recommended the bilateral intervention at the same surgery, because of possible great discomfort at postoperative time.

Avaliação do trauma bucomaxilofacial no Hospital Maria Amélia Lins da Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais / Evaluation of maxillofacial trauma at the Hospital Maria Amélia Lins of the Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais

Introdução: A incidência de lesões traumáticas localizadas na face é elevada comparada a injúrias em outras áreas. O Hospital Maria Amélia Lins da Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG) é referência para o atendimento de vítimas de trauma bucomaxilofacial em Belo Horizonte. Objetivo: O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar características epidemiológicas, etiológicas, socioeconômicas e terapêuticas do trauma bucomaxilofacial em pacientes atendidos nesta instituição. Método: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes, durante o período de 2004 e 2005, além de entrevista prospectiva e randomizada de pacientes atendidos em 2006. Os dados coletados foram descritos em valores absolutos e porcentagens. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparar o sexo e a idade dos pacientes, sendo considerado significante um p-valor < 0,05. Resultados: A etiologia do trauma facial foi, nesta ordem, acidentes de trânsito, agressões e quedas. Houve uma prevalência masculina de 4:1, com predomínio de pacientes entre 20 e 29 anos. Com relação à cor da pele, houve prevalência de leucodérmicos, seguidos de feodérmicos e melanodérmicos. Os tipos de lesões mais encontradas foram fraturas de nariz, de mandíbula, de complexo zigomático e de maxila. O tempo de permanência hospitalar variou de 0 a 14 dias. O tratamento utilizado não diferiu do preconizado na literatura. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava baixa condição social e uma saúde bucal ruim, entretanto, isso não afetou de maneira significativa o tratamento. Conclusão: As características dos pacientes do Hospital Maria Amélia Lins com trauma bucomaxilofacial assemelham-se às descritas na literatura.