RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare tumours with regional differences. Prognostic factors are poorly understood. Gemcitabine + platinum (GP) is the standard first-line chemotherapy in metastatic patients. We aimed to search for prognostic factors in patients with advanced disease in a cancer centre in South America. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced BTC treated with chemotherapy. Variables were age (< or ≥70 years), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (0/1 versus 2/3), gender, primary site (intrahepatic (IHC), extrahepatic (EHC), gallbladder (GB)), staging (locally advanced versus metastatic), metastatic sites, albumin (>3.5 g/dL versus <3.5 g/dL), biliary obstruction and first-line chemotherapy (GP, 5FU-based or single-agent). Cox regression method was used to explore factors. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2017, 104 patients were included. Median age was 62 years (32-86) and 22.1% were older than 70 years. Most patients had ECOG performance status 0/1 (63.4%), were female (51.9%) and were metastatic (82.7%). Bone metastases were found in 19.2%. Primary IHC, EHC and GB were 54.8%, 36.5% and 8.7%, respectively. GP was used by 79.8%. Median follow-up was 32.4 months. Median overall survival (mOS) was 11.4 months. In univariate analysis, male (p = 0.007), albumin < 3.5 g/dL (p = 0.001), biliary obstruction (p = 0.006), 5FU-based (p = 0.006) and single-agent (p < 0.0001) were associated with worse OS. ECOG performance status 2/3 (p = 0.058) and bone metastases (p = 0.051) were marginally related. In multivariate analysis, male (p = 0.003), bone metastases (p = 0.023), biliary obstruction (p = 0.001), 5FU-based (p = 0.016) and single-agent (p = 0.023) were independently associated with inferior OS. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, we observed that male patients, bone metastases, biliary obstruction and regimens other than GP had worse survival. Larger studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
RESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Tuberculose (TB) ainda é uma das principais infecções oportunistas em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de tuberculose em pacientes portadores do HIV e estudar os fatores de risco associados.MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo do tipo descritivo e analítico.Pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2010 e abril de 2011no Serviço de HIV-AIDS da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória tiveram registrados dados demográficos, tabagismo,epidemiologia, contagem de células T CD4/CD8, carga viral HIV, terapia em uso e associação com TB.RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 715 pacientes. Destes,58,9% eram brancos, 59,9% homens, 59,3% heterossexuais,31,6% homo/bissexuais, 6,9% usuários de drogas injetáveis.A mediana de idade foi 44 anos e a do tempo de acompanhamento prévio de 5,7 anos. Havia 87% dos pacientes em uso de terapia antirretroviral e 32,7% eram tabagistas ou ex-tabagistas. Foi realizada quimioprofilaxia para TB em 6,7%dos pacientes. A mediana dos valores mais baixos da contagem de células CD4 foi de 191 células/mL. Foram relatados 80 casos de TB, prévios ou durante este período. Destes, 36casos foram de TB extrapulmonar, sendo 14 de forma miliar,12 ganglionar, cinco pleural, duas meníngea, duas óssea, uma pericárdica. Observou-se uma forte associação entre TB e o valor da contagem de células CD4 abaixo de 200 células/mL. Não foram observadas associações com escolaridade, idade,epidemiologia, cor ou carga viral HIV. Dois óbitos foram registrados em decorrência da TB. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se elevada a prevalência de TB entre pacientes HIV positivos, com nítida associação com o valor da contagem de células T CD4 abaixo de 200 células/mL.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of this disease in HIV-infected patients, its clinical presentation, and associated risk factors.METHOD: Retrospective cohort of HIV-infected patients attendedat the outpatient's clinic at Santa casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria between January 2010 and April 2011. Data were abstracted from medical records with demographics, smoking habits, epidemiology, T CD4/CD8 cells count, HIV viral load, therapy used and TB-associated disease. RESULTS: Seven hundred fifteen patients were studied. From these, 58.9% were white, 59.9% men, 59.3% with transmission by heterosexual intercourse, 31.6% bisexual men or men who had sex with men, 6.9% intravenous drug users. Median age was 44 years and median time since HIV diagnosis was 5.7 years. There were 87% of patients on antiretroviral therapy, and 32.7% were current or past smokers. Treatment for latent TB was prescribed for 6.7% of the patients. Median CD4 cells nadir was 191 cells/mL. Eighty cases of TB were recorded, previous or during the study period. Thirty-six cases were extrapulmonary TB, with14 being miliary, 12 ganglionary, five pleural, two meningitides, two bone, and one pericardial TB. There was a strong association between tuberculosis and CD4 cells bellow 200cells/mL. No association was observed with school years,age, epidemiology, race or HIV-1 viral load. Two death events were recorded as a consequence of TB. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TB among HIV-infected patients remains high with a strong association with CD4cells count bellow 200 cells/mL.
