RESUMO
The care of adolescents in reclusion has been a field of work for occupational therapists in different parts of the world. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze Brazilian occupational therapists' practices with adolescents in reclusion. Research conducted in Brazil, identifying 56 professionals, invited to answer a questionnaire (n = 43); participate in discussion groups (n = 9); and interview (n = 4). Professionals reported different visions that guide their practices, including the identification of individual skills and the profession's possibilities for social action. Occupational therapists have specificities to work in these institutions, highlighting the possibilities of acting with a focus on social change. Practices in occupational therapy can lead to social change if focused on social issues. Social occupational therapy offers theoretical and methodological elements that inform the profession. Reflections on the practice carried out, according to a critical perspective, enable a performance in occupational therapy that intends social change.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe and analyze the practice of occupational therapists in custodial units of the Brazilian juvenile justice system. METHODOLOGY: Mapping and identification of occupational therapists in institutions of juvenile incarceration; questionnaire; workshops; semi-structured interviews; and synthesis meeting. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Forty-three professionals with diverse practices participated in this study. The collected data in the different stages of the research were analyzed based on social occupational therapy. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy practices can lead to social change if focused on social issues. Social occupational therapy offers theoretical and methodological elements for that.
Occupational Therapy and Imprisoned Adolescents: An Analysis of Professional PracticesIntroduction: In Brazil, the number of adolescents convicted of infractions is increasing. Judicial sanctions may be imposed on this population, including imprisonment. There are occupational therapists working with these adolescents, but their practices are little recorded and debated.
RESUMO
Resumo Introdução Os terapeutas ocupacionais são profissionais que podem desenvolver ações direcionadas aos adolescentes autores de ato infracional, contudo, esta prática ainda é pouco debatida. Objetivo Identificar a produção da literatura científica, especificamente em artigos de periódicos indexados, acerca da terapia ocupacional e ações com adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Método Revisão de escopo da literatura, com busca em seis diferentes bases de dados, além de diretórios em quatro revistas brasileiras de terapia ocupacional, utilizando termos referentes à profissão e correlatos à temática. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultaram 13 artigos que especificavam relações entre a terapia ocupacional e práticas com adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Resultados Foram elencadas três temáticas para discussão: 1. As diferentes terapias ocupacionais no tempo e espaço; 2. Marcos de referência e modelos de intervenção; 3. Terapia ocupacional como clínica da saúde ou como ação social. A prática do terapeuta ocupacional neste contexto ainda é pouco difundida, sendo que se utiliza de diferentes marcos de referência e modelos de intervenção, majoritariamente sob princípios utilizados na atenção à saúde, apesar de também haver relatos da ação profissional voltada ao contexto macrossocial que envolve os adolescentes. Conclusão Compreende-se que uma maior difusão das reflexões e práticas profissionais junto a adolescentes no sistema de socioeducação contribuiria significativamente para um repensar contínuo acerca da especificidade do terapeuta ocupacional nesta área, fortalecendo também o seu reconhecimento como profissional constituinte e contribuinte para a área da justiça juvenil.
Abstract Introduction Occupational therapists are professionals who can develop actions aimed at adolescents who have committed infractions; however, this practice is still little known. Objective To identify the production in scientific literature, specifically in articles from indexed journals, about occupational therapy and actions with adolescent offenders. Method Scope review of the literature, searching in six different databases, as well as directories in four Brazilian occupational therapy journals, using terms related to the profession and related to the theme. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles specified relationships between occupational therapy and practices with adolescents who committed infractions. Results Three themes emerged for discussion: 1. The different occupational therapies in time and space; 2. Framework and intervention models; 3. Occupational therapy as a health clinic professional or social action. The practice of the occupational therapist in this context is still not widespread, as it uses different reference frameworks and intervention models, mostly under principles used in healthcare, although there are also reports of professional action focused on the macro-social context that involves teenagers. Conclusion It is understood that a greater diffusion of reflections and professional practices in this context of practice would contribute significantly to a continuous rethinking about the specificity of the occupational therapist in this area, also strengthening the recognition of the profession as a constituent and a contributor to the area of juvenile justice.
