Telerehabilitation from the perspective of patients and healthcare providers: A 3-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: It is important to investigate satisfaction and perception of the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and its outcomes post-COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the patients' and healthcare providers' level of satisfaction with telerehabilitation and perception of its efficacy and describe how it became an established resource in a network of rehabilitation hospitals post-pandemic. METHODS: The online survey about their experience with telerehabilitation was completed by 2,755 patients (322 new patients and 2,433 existing patients), and 668 providers from 26 different specialties. RESULTS: Most patients and providers rated remote care as effective. There were no differences in scores between existing patients and new patients and the majority reported that their expectations were met. Most patients described their remote consults as good as or better than in-person, while providers mostly preferred in-person sessions. Despite most modalities having returned to in-person practice, there is still a significant percentage of telerehabilitation consults. CONCLUSION: Three years after the start of the pandemic, despite a return to in-person treatment, we see a telerehabilitation culture being constructed as a resource to supplement the rehabilitation process, with potential for establishing this model in a network of rehabilitation hospitals.

Long COVID neuropsychological follow-up: Is cognitive rehabilitation relevant?

BACKGROUND: Duration of neuropsychological disorders caused by long COVID, and the variables that impact outcomes, are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cognitive profile of patients with long COVID post-participation in a neuropsychological rehabilitation program and subsequent reassessment and identify the factors that influence recovery. METHODS: 208 patients (mean age of 48.8 y.o.), mostly female, were reevaluated 25 months after their first COVID infection and 17 months after their initial evaluation. Patients underwent subjective assessment, Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS), Phonemic Verbal Fluency and Clock Drawing Tests (NEUPSILIN) for executive functions, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and WHOQol-Bref. RESULTS: We noted a discrete improvement of neuropsychological symptoms 25 months after the acute stage of COVID-19; nonetheless, performance was not within the normative parameters of standardized neuropsychological testing. These results negatively impact QoL and corroborate patients' subjective assessments of cognitive issues experienced in daily life. Improvement was seen in those who participated in psychoeducational neuropsychological rehabilitation, had higher levels of education, and lower depression scores on the HADS. CONCLUSION: Our data reveal the persistence of long-term cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with long COVID. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is shown to be important, whether in-person or online.

Maternal health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of health workers in three Brazilian municipalities.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experiences of maternal health workers in three Brazilian cities, located in the Northeast (São Luís), Southeast (Niterói), and South (Pelotas) regions during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Qualitative research carried out between December 2020 and February 2021. Interviews were conducted, in person or remotely, with 30 health workers, doctors and nurses, working in maternity hospitals of different degrees of complexity. RESULTS: Sociodemographic characteristics, employment relationships and professional qualification of the interviewees were described. Two thematic axes were identified: 1) changes in hospital organization and dynamics in the pandemic; 2) Illness and suffering of health workers. The majority of respondents were women. Most physicians had work relationships in the public and private sectors. In Niterói, health workers had better professional qualifications and more precarious work relationships (as temporary hires), compared to São Luís and Pelotas. In the context of the uncertainties resulting from the pandemic, this situation generated even more insecurity for those workers. The statements at the beginning of the pandemic covered topics such as changes in the organizational dynamics of services, healthcare, telemedicine, and interaction between health workers and users. In the health workers' perception, the initial period of the health emergency, which resulted in intense changes in the provision of services, was marked by an increase in preterm births, perinatal mortality, and fetal losses. Work overload, fear of contamination, concern for family members and uncertainties regarding the new disease caused intense suffering in health workers who had little institutional support in the cities studied. The suffering experienced by health workers went beyond the work dimension, reaching their private life. CONCLUSION: Changes caused by the pandemic required immediate adjustments in professional practices, generating insecurities in healthcare regardless of the location studied. The method of hiring health workers remained the same as the previously practiced one in each city. Due to the risk of disease transmission, measures contrary to humanization practices, and more restrictive in São Luís, were reported as harmful to obstetric care. The Covid-19 pandemic was a huge challenge for the Brazilian health system, aggravating the working conditions experienced by health workers. In addition to the work environment, it was possible to briefly glimpse its effects on private life.

Experiences of women in prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected cities in Brazil: The resignification of the experience of pregnancy and giving birth.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted public and private health systems around the world, impairing good practices in women's health care. However, little is known about the experiences, knowledge, and feelings of Brazilian women in this period. The objective was to analyze the experiences of women, seen at maternity hospitals accredited by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese), regarding health care during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods, their interpersonal relationships, and perceptions and feelings about the pandemic. This was a qualitative, exploratory research, carried out in three Brazilian municipalities with women hospitalized in 2020, during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum period, with COVID-19 or not. For data collection, semi-structured individual interviews (in person, by telephone, or by digital platform) were conducted, recorded and transcribed. The content analysis of thematic modalities was displayed as per the following axes: i) Knowledge about the disease; ii) Search for health care in prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum periods; iii) Experience of suffering from COVID-19; iv) Income and work; and v) Family dynamics and social support network. A total of 46 women were interviewed in São Luís-MA, Pelotas-RS, and Niterói-RJ. Use of media was important to convey information and fight fake news. The pandemic negatively impacted access to health care in the prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum periods, contributing to worsening of the population's social and economic vulnerabilities. Women experienced diverse manifestations of the disease, and psychic disorders were very frequent. Social isolation during the pandemic disrupted the support network of these women, who found social support strategies in communication technologies. Women-centered care-including qualified listening and mental health support-can reduce the severity of COVID-19 cases in pregnant, parturient, and postpartum women. Sustainable employment and income maintenance policies are essential to mitigate social vulnerabilities and reduce risks for these women.

Photobiomodulation Therapy for Multiple Painful Fixed Drug Eruptions: The First Case Report.

Introduction: Fixed drug eruption (FDE), a very specific adverse drug reaction and one of the most common types of drug eruption, generally resolves spontaneously within 7-10 days upon withdrawal of the causative agent; however, extensive and severe cases may also require systemic drug therapy. The present study aimed to report a case in which a broad spectrum of severe, painful lesions of FDE was managed with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Case Report: A 31-year-old Caucasian woman presented with many extremely painful mucocutaneous lesions of FDE which had arisen 8 days before, following a long period of hospitalization. The lesions were not responsive to either corticosteroids or analgesics within 5 days, and then seven daily sessions of PBMT were proposed. Pain alleviation was achieved on the 1st day of PBMT, and the lesions showed an advanced course of healing on the 3rd day. Within 7 days of PBMT, the lesions were almost completely repaired. In a 3-month follow-up period, no relapse of any FDE lesion was reported. Conclusion: PBMT may be a promising strategy for the management of painful lesions of FDE refractory to conventional medication therapy. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Uso da técnica WALANT para tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo: revisão da literatura / Use of WALANT technique for surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: literature review

A síndrome do túnel do carpo é uma das patologias mais incidentes no membro superior; é a neuropatia compressiva mais comum, acarretando importante morbidade. Grande parcela dos acometidos necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico; desse modo, a técnica WALANT seria uma excelente opção para permitir maior celeridade do tratamento desses pacientes que o aguardam. Este estudo visa realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a aplicação da técnica WALANT para tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo, ressaltando a eficácia e a segurança do procedimento. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa na literatura, utilizando o descritor "Wide Awake Local Anestesia No Tourniquet". Aplicando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados 16 estudos nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Os estudos selecionados não relatam complicações associadas à aplicação da técnica WALANT. A técnica WALANT apresenta evidente eficácia e segurança para o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo, sem relatos de complicações.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common pathologies in the upper limb; it is the most common compressive neuropathy, causing significant morbidity. Many of those affected need surgical treatment; thus, the WALANT technique would be an excellent option to allow faster treatment of patients waiting for it. This study aims to carry out an integrative review on applying the WALANT technique for the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, emphasizing the efficacy and safety of the procedure. An integrative literature review was performed using the "Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet" descriptor. Sixteen studies were selected from the PubMed and VHL databases, applying the eligibility criteria. The selected studies do not report complications associated with applying the WALANT technique. The WALANT technique has evident efficacy and safety for the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, with no reports of complications.

Vulnerabilidade e resposta social à pandemia de Covid-19 em territórios metropolitanos de São Paulo e da Baixada Santista, SP, Brasil / Vulnerabilidad y respuesta social a la pandemia de Covid-19 en territorios metropolitanos de São Paulo y de la Región de la Baixada Santista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Vulnerability and social response to the Covid-19 pandemic in metropolitan territories of São Paulo and Baixada Santista, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Este artigo analisa a vulnerabilidade e o enfrentamento à pandemia de Covid-19 em 16 territórios metropolitanos de São Paulo e da Baixada Santista (São Paulo, Brasil), objetos de pesquisa participante desenvolvida por estudo de casos múltiplos, sob o referencial teórico da vulnerabilidade e dos direitos humanos, em 2020. As condições socioeconômicas são distintas entre os territórios. A vulnerabilidade à infecção e à doença pelo coronavírus é relacionada a fatores individuais, sociais e programáticos: informações, percepções e possibilidades de proteção; convivência familiar/interpessoal, moradia, trabalho e violência; e acesso a cuidados de saúde e programas sociais. As redes de solidariedade, formadas principalmente por associações comunitárias e movimentos sociais, enfocam superar a fome, gerar renda e acessar direitos. Para a resposta social, é fundamental reconhecer as necessidades específicas, as experiências potentes e a centralidade do caminhar conjunto de sujeitos e coletivos em cada território.(AU)

Este artículo analiza la vulnerabilidad y el enfrentamiento a la pandemia de Covid-19 en 16 territorios metropolitanos de São Paulo y de la Región de la Baixada Santista (São Paulo, Brasil), objetos de investigación participante, desarrollada por estudio de casos múltiples, bajo el referencial teórico de la vulnerabilidad y de los derechos humanos, en 2020. Las condiciones socioeconómicas son distintas entre los territorios. La vulnerabilidad a la infección y enfermedad por el coronavirus se relaciona a factores individuales, sociales y programáticos: informaciones, percepciones y posibilidades de protección; convivencia familiar/interpersonal, vivienda, trabajo y violencia; y acceso a cuidados de salud y programas sociales. Las redes de solidaridad, formadas principalmente por asociaciones comunitarias y movimientos sociales, se enfocan en superar el hambre, generar renta y tener acceso a derechos. Para la respuesta social, es fundamental reconocer las necesidades específicas, las experiencias potentes y la centralidad del caminar conjunto de sujetos y colectivos en cada territorio.(AU)

This paper analyzes vulnerability and the tackling of the Covid-19 pandemic in 16 metropolitan territories of São Paulo and Baixada Santista (State of São Paulo, Brazil), objects of a participatory research developed in 2020 through a multiple-case study, in light of the theoretical framework of vulnerability and human rights. Socioeconomic conditions are different between territories. Vulnerability to coronavirus infection and disease is related to individual, social and programmatic factors: information, perceptions and possibilities of protection; family/interpersonal coexistence, housing, work and violence; and access to healthcare and social programs. Solidarity networks, formed mainly by community associations and social movements, focus on overcoming hunger, generating income and accessing rights. For the social response, it is essential to recognize specific needs, powerful experiences and the centrality of the joint walk of individuals and collectives in each territory.(AU)

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Zircon (ZrSiO4) Mineral at Annealing Conditions Usually Applied in Zircon Fission-Track Annealing Dataset.

Raman analyzes were performed on zircon from a syenite located in the Poços de Caldas Complex, Brazil, with a fission-track (FT) zircon age of 81.4±6.8 Ma. Three isochronous heating (1, 10 and 100 hours) of zircon grains were subjected to temperatures between 300 and 750 °C. These temperature and times are usually applied to obtain zircon Fission-Track annealing dataset. For each time-temperature conditions, Raman spectra analyses were accomplished. The results show variations in the intensity and FWHM (full width at half maximum) in the main band (1007 cm-1- Si-O stretching mode), and a singular change in the peaks from 356 to 439 cm-1 (Si-O bending mode); and from 202 to 224 cm-1 (external modes). These changes were interpreted as spectral polarization-dependence related to common crystallinity increases due to the annealing radiation damages and that the thermal treatments do not interfere on the stability of zircon lattice.

Grupo de Trabalho Populações (In)Visibilizadas e Diversidades: Comunidade de Práticas Reafirmando Princípios da Abem / (In)Visible Populations and Diversities Working Group: Community of Practices Reaffirming the Principles of the Abem

Resumo: Introdução: A atual pandemia da Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19) deixou ainda mais evidentes a desigualdade social e o impacto dos determinantes sociais nos indicadores de saúde. Por conta disso, os profissionais de saúde, para cuidar das pessoas e populações, devem desenvolver ações que promovam a equidade, papel que também cabe às instituições de ensino e saúde. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os Cursos de Graduação em Medicina trazem em seu artigo 3º que a formação do(a) graduando(a) deverá ocorrer com "responsabilidade social e compromisso com a defesa da cidadania". Relato de Experiência: Este relato mostra como o debate da determinação social do processo de saúde e doença vem ocorrendo ao longo dos eventos nacionais de educação médica, especificamente nos Congressos Brasileiros de Educação Médica (Cobem), e como isso resultou na construção coletiva e colaborativa do grupo de trabalho Populações (In)Visibilizadas e Diversidades da Abem (GT-PIVD). Discussão: Os Cobems têm ampliado as oportunidades para debates sobre determinantes sociais por meio de atividades relacionadas às questões LGBTI+, racial, da mulher e indígena. O GT-PIVD, criado em 2019, reúne um coletivo de educandos(as) e educadores(as) com o objetivo de promover esse debate na formação médica e nos eventos da Abem, além de ser uma comunidade de trocas de experiências sobre as populações (in)visibilizadas e diversidades. Conclusão: Algumas iniciativas, como a "Carta de Porto Alegre", sobre equidade de gênero e diversidade sexual, e a criação do GT-PIVD, são produtos dos Cobem. O GT-PIVD, por meio de sua comunidade de práticas virtuais, tem se tornando um espaço importante de trocas de experiências entre educandos(as) e educadores(as) sobre racismo, sexismo, LGBTIfobia e outras violências, inclusive durante a pandemia da Covid-19.

Abstract: Introduction: The current SARS-COV 2 pandemic (Covid-19) has made social inequality and the impact of social determinants on health indicators even more explicit. It is evident that health professionals, as well as educational and health institutions, must develop actions to promote equity in order to care for people and populations. The National Curricular Guidelines for Undergraduate Courses in Medicine bring in their third article that the training of the undergraduate student must occur with "social responsibility and commitment to promote citizenship". Experience Report: This report presents how the debate on the social determination of the health and disease process has been taking place throughout the national Medical Education events, specifically in the Brazilian Medical Education Congress ("Cobem"), and how this resulted in the collective and collaborative initiative of the (In)Visible Populations and Diversities of the ABEM Working Group ("GT-PIVD"). Discussion: The "Cobems" have expanded opportunities for debates on social determinants through activities related to LGBTI+, race, women and indigenous issues. The "GT-PIVD", created in 2019, gathers students and educators with the aim of promoting this debate in medical settings and at ABEM events, constituting a community for exchanging experiences about (in)visible populations and diversities. Conclusion: Some initiatives, such as the Porto Alegre Letter, on gender equality and sexual diversity, and the creation of the GT - PIVD, are products of the "COBEMs". The GT-PIVD, through its community of virtual practices, has become an important space for exchanging experiences between students and educators on racism, sexism, LGBTIphobia and other violence, including during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The management of academic supervision in the More Doctors for Brazil Project by higher education institutions / A gestão da supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil por instituições de educação superior / La gestión de la supervisión académica en el Proyecto Más Médicos para Brasil por las instituciones de educación superior

ABSTRACT The More Doctors Program is a strategic set of actions for the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) aiming at improvements in medical education, professional qualification and retention of doctors in unassisted areas. Among these actions, we highlight the Project More Doctors for Brazil (PMMB), responsible for the emergency supply of doctors. It was conceived as a response to the shortage of professionals in primary care across the country, an extremely important aspect in this set of strategies for SUS. The professional improvement proposed by PMMB has mobilized public higher education institutions to participate as supervisory institutions. They are responsible for supervising the activities developed by doctors and for strengthening the continuing education policy through teaching-service integration actions. This article aims to report on the experience of managing academic supervision in light of the challenge of the implementation of PMMB.

RESUMO O Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) consagra-se como um conjunto estratégico de ações para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), visando ao aprimoramento da formação médica, à qualificação profissional e à fixação de médicos em regiões desassistidas. Destacamos, dentre essas ações do programa, o Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMMB), responsável pelo provimento emergencial de médicos. Este foi concebido como resposta à carência de profissionais na Atenção Básica em Saúde do país, aspecto de destaque nesse conjunto de estratégias para o SUS. O aperfeiçoamento proposto pelo PMMB mobilizou as instituições públicas de educação superior a atuar como instituições supervisoras (IS). Essas instituições atuam na supervisão das atividades desenvolvidas pelos médicos e no fortalecimento da política de educação permanente com ações de integração ensino-serviço. Este estudo objetiva relatar a experiência na gestão da supervisão acadêmica diante do desafio de implantação do PMMB.

RESUMEN El Programa Más Médicos se consagra como un conjunto estratégico de acciones para el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) teniendo como objetivo el perfeccionamiento de la formación médica, de la calificación profesional y el establecimiento de médicos en regiones no asistidas. Entre esas acciones del Programa, subrayamos el Proyecto Más Médicos para Brasil (PMMB), responsable por la provisión de médicos en situación de emergencia. El mismo fue concebido como respuesta a la carencia de profesionales en la Atención Básica de Salud del país, aspecto de destaque en ese conjunto de estrategias para el SUS. El perfeccionamiento propuesto por el PMMB movilizó a las instituciones públicas de educación superior para que actuaran como Instituciones Supervisoras (IS). Estas instituciones actúan en la supervisión de las actividades desarrolladas por los médicos y en el fortalecimiento de la política de educación permanente con acciones de integración enseñanza-servicio. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de relatar la experiencia en la gestión de la Supervisión Académica ante el desafío de implantación del PMMB.

Teor de proteínas em sementes de soja produzidas em solos de várzea com o uso de biorregulador / Protein content in soybean seeds produced in various soils with the use of bioregulator

Objetivou-se avaliar o teor de proteínas em sementes de soja produzidas em solos de várzea a partir da aplicação de biorregulador via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos, tratamento de sementes (Experimento I) e aplicação foliar (Experimento II) com diferentes doses de Stimulate®, sendo utilizado duas cultivares de soja (BMX Potência RR e Fundacep 64 RR,) e delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado para ambos os experimentos. Para o tratamento de sementes foi utilizado as doses de 0;250;500;750 e 1000 mL 100 kg sementes-1, já para a aplicação foliar utilizou-se as doses de 0; 187,5; 375,0; 652,5 e 750,0 mL ha-1, sendo os experimentos conduzidos no campo e em vasos na safra agrícola de 2013/2014. Os experimentos foram conduzidos até a fase de maturação de campo, sendo realizada a colheita das sementes e, posteriormente, determinado o teor de proteína total e solúvel. As doses de biorregulador aplicadas no tratamento das sementes, até a maior dose aplicada, proporcionam aumentos no teor de proteína bruta das sementes produzidas em vasos da cultivar BMX Potência RR. Quando produzidas em campo, as doses de biorregulador, via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar, não promovem diferença significativa no teor de proteína das sementes. Ainda se constatou acréscimos no teor de proteína total na cultivar Fundacep 64 RR, e redução no teor de proteína solúvel na cultivar BMX Potência RR com uso de biorregulador, independentemente do modo de aplicação.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the protein content in soybean seeds produced in lowland soil from plant growth regulator applied via seed coating and leaf spraying. The study was divided into two experiments: Seeds coating (Experiment I) and leaf spraying (Experiment II) with different Stimulate® doses. Two soybean cultivars were used (BMX Potência RR and Fundacep 64 RR) and the experimental model used was a completely randomized design. For the seed coating, the doses used was 0; 250; 500; 750 e 1000 mL 100 kg seeds-1, and for the leaf spraying was 0; 187.5; 375.0; 652.5 e 750.0 mL ha-1. The experiments were carried out during the 2013/2014 season at experimental field and pots. In the maturity period was performed the seed harvest, afterward determined the total and soluble protein content. The bioregulator doses applied in seed treatment, up to the highest dose, increase the crude protein content of seeds produced in pots of BMX Potência RRcv. When produced in the experimental field, doses of bioregulator in seed treatment and leaf spraying do not promote difference in the protein content of the seeds. Increases were observed in the total protein content in Fundacep 64 RR cultivar, and reduction in soluble protein content in BMX Potência RR with the use of bioregulator, regardless of the mode of application.(AU)

Teor de proteínas em sementes de soja produzidas em solos de várzea com o uso de biorregulador / Protein content in soybean seeds produced in various soils with the use of bioregulator

Objetivou-se avaliar o teor de proteínas em sementes de soja produzidas em solos de várzea a partir da aplicação de biorregulador via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos, tratamento de sementes (Experimento I) e aplicação foliar (Experimento II) com diferentes doses de Stimulate®, sendo utilizado duas cultivares de soja (BMX Potência RR e Fundacep 64 RR,) e delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado para ambos os experimentos. Para o tratamento de sementes foi utilizado as doses de 0;250;500;750 e 1000 mL 100 kg sementes-1, já para a aplicação foliar utilizou-se as doses de 0; 187,5; 375,0; 652,5 e 750,0 mL ha-1, sendo os experimentos conduzidos no campo e em vasos na safra agrícola de 2013/2014. Os experimentos foram conduzidos até a fase de maturação de campo, sendo realizada a colheita das sementes e, posteriormente, determinado o teor de proteína total e solúvel. As doses de biorregulador aplicadas no tratamento das sementes, até a maior dose aplicada, proporcionam aumentos no teor de proteína bruta das sementes produzidas em vasos da cultivar BMX Potência RR. Quando produzidas em campo, as doses de biorregulador, via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar, não promovem diferença significativa no teor de proteína das sementes. Ainda se constatou acréscimos no teor de proteína total na cultivar Fundacep 64 RR, e redução no teor de proteína solúvel na cultivar BMX Potência RR com uso de biorregulador, independentemente do modo de aplicação.

This study aimed to evaluate the protein content in soybean seeds produced in lowland soil from plant growth regulator applied via seed coating and leaf spraying. The study was divided into two experiments: Seeds coating (Experiment I) and leaf spraying (Experiment II) with different Stimulate® doses. Two soybean cultivars were used (BMX Potência RR and Fundacep 64 RR) and the experimental model used was a completely randomized design. For the seed coating, the doses used was 0; 250; 500; 750 e 1000 mL 100 kg seeds-1, and for the leaf spraying was 0; 187.5; 375.0; 652.5 e 750.0 mL ha-1. The experiments were carried out during the 2013/2014 season at experimental field and pots. In the maturity period was performed the seed harvest, afterward determined the total and soluble protein content. The bioregulator doses applied in seed treatment, up to the highest dose, increase the crude protein content of seeds produced in pots of BMX Potência RRcv. When produced in the experimental field, doses of bioregulator in seed treatment and leaf spraying do not promote difference in the protein content of the seeds. Increases were observed in the total protein content in Fundacep 64 RR cultivar, and reduction in soluble protein content in BMX Potência RR with the use of bioregulator, regardless of the mode of application.

Produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e resíduo em sementes de trigo em função da dessecação com herbicidas / Yield, physiological quality, and herbicide residue in wheat seeds as a function of herbicide desiccation

Na cultura do trigo a dessecação em pré-colheita com herbicidas pode influenciar a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Diante disso, objetivou-se quantificar a produtividade, a qualidade fisiológica e o resíduo em sementes de trigo após dessecação em pré-colheita com diferentes herbicidas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x 2 x 6, sendo o fator A constituído pelas cultivares (BRS 177 e BRS Umbu), o fator B das épocas de aplicação [anterior a maturidade fisiológica (AMF) e posterior a maturidade fisiológica (PMF)] e, o fator C dos herbicidas [2,4-D, paraquat, glifosato, glufosinato de amônio, metsulfuron metílico e, testemunha (sem aplicação)] com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram o peso de mil sementes, peso hectolitro, número de antécios por espiga, produtividade, qualidade fisiológica das sementes, através dos testes de vigor e germinação e, resíduos nas sementes, após aplicação dos herbicidas em pré-colheita. A dessecação em pré-colheita com herbicida realizada em estádio posterior a maturidade fisiológica, em geral, não altera a qualidade fisiológica e a produtividade de trigo das cultivares BRS 177 e BRS Umbu. A aplicação de metsulfuron metílico e paraquat não apresentam efeitos residuais nos grãos, independente da época de aplicação, enquanto a aplicação de glufosinato de amônio, glifosato e 2,4-D, quando aplicados anterior à maturidade fisiológica, geram níveis de resíduo nos grãos de trigo.(AU)

In the wheat crop, pre-harvest desiccation with herbicides can influence the productivity and physiological seed quality. The study aimed to quantify the yield, physiological seed quality, and residue in wheat seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 2x2x6 factorial, being the factor A constituting of wheat cultivars (BRS 177 e BRS Umbu), the factor B application stages (before and after physiological maturation) and, factor C desiccation with different herbicides (2,4-D, paraquat, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, metsulfuron-methyl, and control) with four replications. The variables analyzed were the thousand seeds weight, hectoliter weight, number of anthecium per spike, seed yield, physiological seed quality by the vigor tests and standard germination, and residue in wheat seeds after the application of herbicides in pre-harvest. The desiccation in pre-harvest herbicide held at a later stage after physiological maturity, in general, does not affect the physiological quality and seed yield of BRS Umbu and BRS 177 cultivars. The application of methyl-metsulfuron and paraquat does not show residual effects on the seed independent of the application stage, while the application of ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D, when applied before the physiological maturity result residue levels in wheat seed.(AU)

Produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e resíduo em sementes de trigo em função da dessecação com herbicidas / Yield, physiological quality, and herbicide residue in wheat seeds as a function of herbicide desiccation

Na cultura do trigo a dessecação em pré-colheita com herbicidas pode influenciar a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Diante disso, objetivou-se quantificar a produtividade, a qualidade fisiológica e o resíduo em sementes de trigo após dessecação em pré-colheita com diferentes herbicidas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x 2 x 6, sendo o fator A constituído pelas cultivares (BRS 177 e BRS Umbu), o fator B das épocas de aplicação [anterior a maturidade fisiológica (AMF) e posterior a maturidade fisiológica (PMF)] e, o fator C dos herbicidas [2,4-D, paraquat, glifosato, glufosinato de amônio, metsulfuron metílico e, testemunha (sem aplicação)] com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram o peso de mil sementes, peso hectolitro, número de antécios por espiga, produtividade, qualidade fisiológica das sementes, através dos testes de vigor e germinação e, resíduos nas sementes, após aplicação dos herbicidas em pré-colheita. A dessecação em pré-colheita com herbicida realizada em estádio posterior a maturidade fisiológica, em geral, não altera a qualidade fisiológica e a produtividade de trigo das cultivares BRS 177 e BRS Umbu. A aplicação de metsulfuron metílico e paraquat não apresentam efeitos residuais nos grãos, independente da época de aplicação, enquanto a aplicação de glufosinato de amônio, glifosato e 2,4-D, quando aplicados anterior à maturidade fisiológica, geram níveis de resíduo nos grãos de trigo.

In the wheat crop, pre-harvest desiccation with herbicides can influence the productivity and physiological seed quality. The study aimed to quantify the yield, physiological seed quality, and residue in wheat seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 2x2x6 factorial, being the factor A constituting of wheat cultivars (BRS 177 e BRS Umbu), the factor B application stages (before and after physiological maturation) and, factor C desiccation with different herbicides (2,4-D, paraquat, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, metsulfuron-methyl, and control) with four replications. The variables analyzed were the thousand seeds weight, hectoliter weight, number of anthecium per spike, seed yield, physiological seed quality by the vigor tests and standard germination, and residue in wheat seeds after the application of herbicides in pre-harvest. The desiccation in pre-harvest herbicide held at a later stage after physiological maturity, in general, does not affect the physiological quality and seed yield of BRS Umbu and BRS 177 cultivars. The application of methyl-metsulfuron and paraquat does not show residual effects on the seed independent of the application stage, while the application of ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D, when applied before the physiological maturity result residue levels in wheat seed.

Aplicação de silício no solo: efeito na expressão enzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas de arroz sob estresse salino / Application of silicon to the soil: effect on enzymatic expression in rice seed produced under salt stress

A utilização de silício pode acarretar em aumento da capacidade biológica da planta em resistir às condições adversas do meio ambiente. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expressão isoenzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas cultivadas com aplicação de cinza da casca de arroz, via solo, sob estresse salino. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial A x B (Fator A- Cinco doses de cinza da casca de arroz aplicada via solo: 0; 500; 1000; 1500 e 2000 kg ha-¹; Fator B- Três concentrações salinas: 0, 4 e 8 mM), com quatro repetições. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem de germinação e germinação, e expressão dos sistemas isoenzimáticos glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase, álcool desidrogenase, glutamato desidrogenase e sorbitol. Variações nos quatro sistemas eletroforéticos analisados podem estar associados ao estresse salino causado durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz. O sistema isoenzimático glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase é uma ferramenta complementar à avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz.(AU)

The silicon utilization may result in the increased biological ability of the plants to withstand the harsh conditions of the environment. In this sense, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of rice husk ash to the soil in rice plants under salt stress on isoenzymes expression. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial A x B (Factor A- Five doses of rice husk ash applied to soil: 0.0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 kg ha-¹, Factor B- Three salt concentrations: 0, 4, and 8 mM), with four replications. Tests were the first count of germination and germination, and expression of isozyme systems glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol. Variations in the all analyzed electrophoretic systems may be associated with salt stress caused during the growth and development of rice plants. The isoenzyme system glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase is a complementary tool to assess the physiological rice seed quality.(AU)

Aplicação de silício no solo: efeito na expressão enzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas de arroz sob estresse salino / Application of silicon to the soil: effect on enzymatic expression in rice seed produced under salt stress

A utilização de silício pode acarretar em aumento da capacidade biológica da planta em resistir às condições adversas do meio ambiente. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expressão isoenzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas cultivadas com aplicação de cinza da casca de arroz, via solo, sob estresse salino. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial A x B (Fator A- Cinco doses de cinza da casca de arroz aplicada via solo: 0; 500; 1000; 1500 e 2000 kg ha-¹; Fator B- Três concentrações salinas: 0, 4 e 8 mM), com quatro repetições. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem de germinação e germinação, e expressão dos sistemas isoenzimáticos glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase, álcool desidrogenase, glutamato desidrogenase e sorbitol. Variações nos quatro sistemas eletroforéticos analisados podem estar associados ao estresse salino causado durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz. O sistema isoenzimático glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase é uma ferramenta complementar à avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz.

The silicon utilization may result in the increased biological ability of the plants to withstand the harsh conditions of the environment. In this sense, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of rice husk ash to the soil in rice plants under salt stress on isoenzymes expression. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial A x B (Factor A- Five doses of rice husk ash applied to soil: 0.0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 kg ha-¹, Factor B- Three salt concentrations: 0, 4, and 8 mM), with four replications. Tests were the first count of germination and germination, and expression of isozyme systems glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol. Variations in the all analyzed electrophoretic systems may be associated with salt stress caused during the growth and development of rice plants. The isoenzyme system glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase is a complementary tool to assess the physiological rice seed quality.