Microscopic and metabolomics analysis of the anti-Listeria activity of natural and engineered cruzioseptins.

Listeria monocytogenes is a human opportunistic foodborne pathogen that produces life-threatening infections with a high mortality rate. The control of Listeria in the food production environment and effective clinical management of human listeriosis are challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Hence we evaluate the in vitro anti-Listeria activity of two synthetic cruzioseptins reproducing their natural sequences CZS-9, and CZS-12, and one engineered sequence based on CZS-1, named [K4K15]CZS-1. The assessment of the in vitro potential of cruzioseptins, highlighted the promising antibacterial effect of [K4K15]CZS-1 in very low concentrations (0.91 µM) and its thermal stability at high-temperature conditions, is compatible with the food industry. Microscopic and metabolomic analyses suggest cruzioseptin induces anti-Listeria bioactivity through membrane disruption and changes in the intracellular metabolome. We also report that [K4K15]CZS-1 is not resistant to peptidases/proteases emphasizing a key advantage for their use as a food preservative. However, there is a need for further structural and functional optimisations for the potential clinical application as an antibiotic. In conclusion, [K4K15]CZS-1 stand out as membrane-active peptides with the ability to induce shifts in the bacteria metabolome and inspire the development of strategies for the prevention of L. monocytogenes emergence and dissemination.

Anti-Listerial Activity of Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substance Produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 Using Alternative Medium with Sugarcane Molasses.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, thus reaching final products by cross-contamination. With the growing demand for clean-label products, the search for natural antimicrobials as biopreservants, such as bacteriocins, has shown promising potential. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-listerial action of bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 in an alternative medium containing sugarcane molasses (SCM). Molecular analyses were carried out to characterize the strain, including the presence of bacteriocin-related genes. In the kinetic study on SCM medium E. lactis, LBM BT2 showed biomass and bacteriocin productions similar to those observed on a sucrose-based medium (control), highlighting the potential of the sugarcane molasses as a low-cost substrate. Stability tests revealed that the molecule remained active in wide ranges of pH (4-10) and temperature (60-100 °C). Furthermore, the proteolytic treatment reduced the biomolecule's antimicrobial activity, highlighting its proteinaceous nature. After primary purification by salting out and tangential flow filtration, the bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) showed bacteriostatic activity on suspended L. monocytogenes cells and against biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. These results demonstrate the potential of the produced BLIS as a biopreservative in the food industry.

Tinnitus Footprints in the Cochlea.

The purpose of this paper is to show how temporal bone histopathology has been instrumental in adding knowledge about the origin of tinnitus in the cochlea and how it will still be useful for that purpose in the future. The papers published on this subject will be reviewed, and their contributions will be highlighted. The knowledge that is now part of the subject will be pointed out, and future research on this area will be pointed out.

Dual antibacterial mechanism of [K4K15]CZS-1 against Salmonella Typhimurium: a membrane active and intracellular-targeting antimicrobial peptide.

Salmonella genus is a leading cause of food-borne infections with strong public health impact and economic ramifications. The development of antimicrobial resistance added complexity to this scenario and turned the antibiotic drug discovery into a highly important challenge. The screening of peptides has served as a successful discovery platform to design new antibiotic candidates. Motivated by this, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of three cruzioseptins against Salmonella Typhimurium and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, respectively, were investigated. [K4K15]CZS-1 was the most potent antimicrobial peptide identified in the screening step with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 µg/mL (7.26 µM) and moderate cytotoxicity. From a structural point of view, in vitro and in silico techniques evidenced that [K4K15]CZS-1 is a α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide. In order to capture mechanistic details and fully decipher their antibacterial action, we adopted a multidimensional approach, including spectroscopy, electron microscopy and omics analysis. In general lines, [K4K15]CZS-1 caused membrane damage, intracellular alterations in Salmonella and modulated metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. Overall, these findings provide deeper insights into the antibacterial properties and multidimensional mode of action of [K4K15]CZS-1 against Salmonella Typhimurium. In summary, this study represents a first step toward the screening of membrane-acting and intracellular-targeting peptides as potential bio-preservatives to prevent foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella.

Nivolumab for newly and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess the efficacy and safety of Nivolumab treatment in patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). DATA SOURCES: Our study followed the guidelines outlined in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The protocol for this review can be found in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Database (CRD42022340071). We performed searches on the Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. DATA SUMMARY: A total of 545 studies were identified through our comprehensive search across the five databases (PubMed: 78, Embase: 82, Medline: 173, Scopus: 138, Web of Science: 74). After conducting a thorough analysis, our meta-analysis indicated that treatment with Nivolumab led to improved overall survival (OS) outcomes in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, as evidenced by a prolonged median OS based on trial data. However, there was no significant beneficial effect observed in terms of median progression-free survival (PFS), as well as OS at 6, 12, and 24 months. Furthermore, our results demonstrated no efficacy of Nivolumab in the treatment of recurrent GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, Nivolumab demonstrated promising results that warrant further investigation for its use in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. However, its effectiveness was not observed in the context of recurrent GBM.

Sunflower cake with or without enzymatic complex for broiler chickens feeding.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate the sunflower cake and enzymatic complex fed to broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. METHODS: In a completely randomized design, a total of 850 birds were allotted in a 2×5 factorial scheme (with and without enzymatic complex) and five inclusion levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of sunflower cake. There were 5 replications and 17 birds in each experimental unit. Data from performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphology were evaluated. RESULTS: Feed intake, weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio linearly worsened as sunflower cake increased. For weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio, the birds whose diets contained levels of 15% and 20% of sunflower cake showed worse values (p<0.05) than the birds fed the control diet. When fed the enzymatic complex, birds improved (p<0.05) crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. As inclusion levels of sunflower cake increased, villus depth and villus:crypt ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum linearly reduced and the crypt depth linearly increased. Carcass yield linearly reduced as sunflower cake increased. CONCLUSION: Based on performance, sunflower cake can be used up to 10% in broilers feeding from 21 to 42 days of age.

Pesquisando com professores: a centralidade do diário de campo e da restituição em uma pesquisa-intervenção / Researching with teachers: the field diary and restitution's importance in the intervention research

A pesquisa "Pesquisando com Professores: a relação mídia e cotidiano escolar" analisou com 25 professores de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza a relação entre mídia e cotidiano escolar. Como dispositivo de pesquisa foi criado o curso de extensão "Diálogos Escolares: Mídia e Cotidiano Escolar". Com base em Michel Foucault (1987) acerca do poder disciplinar presente na educação escolar e em Gilles Deleuze (1990) sobre as novas formas de controle em que participam a mídia, a pesquisa discute, em última instância, a função social da escola na contemporaneidade, problematizando a mídia como vetor de subjetivação no cotidiano escolar e no fazer pedagógico. No presente artigo colocamos em análise a metodologia da pesquisa, dando ênfase à centralidade do "diário de campo" e da "restituição". Trabalharemos também o conceito de pesquisa-intervenção e sua implicação prática como estratégia da pesquisa com a escola. Discutiremos o uso do diário de campo como uma ferramenta facilitadora de vínculo e de construção de dados necessário para ressignificação da mesma. Destacaremos a restituição como o momento necessário para criarmos um campo de análise coletiva. Por fim, apresentaremos a importância dessas ferramentas para todo o processo de construção da nossa pesquisa.

The search "Searching with teachers: media relations and school routine" has analyzed with 25 teachers from a public school in Fortaleza, the relationship between media and school routine. As a research device was created the extension course "School Dialogues: Media and School Daily Life". Based on Michel Foucault (1987) on the disciplinary power present in school education and Gilles Deleuze (1990) on new ways to control the media involved, the research argues, ultimately, the school's social function in contemporary, questioning the media as subjectivity vector in everyday school life and pedagogical work. In this paper we put in question the research methodology, emphasizing the centrality of the diary and restitution. We will also work the concept of intervention research and its practical implication as research strategy with the school. We will discuss the use of the diary as a facilitating tool bond and construction data needed to reframe the same. We highlight restitution as the necessary time to create a collective analysis field. Finally, we will present the importance of these tools for the entire process of building our research.

Pesquisando com professores: a centralidade do diário de campo e da restituição em uma pesquisa-intervenção / Researching with teachers: the field diary and restitution’s importance in the intervention research

A pesquisa “Pesquisando com Professores: a relação mídia e cotidiano escolar” analisou com 25 professores de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza a relação entre mídia e cotidiano escolar. Como dispositivo de pesquisa foi criado o curso de extensão “Diálogos Escolares: Mídia e Cotidiano Escolar”. Com base em Michel Foucault (1987) acerca do poder disciplinar presente na educação escolare em Gilles Deleuze (1990) sobre as novas formas de controle em que participam a mídia, a pesquisa discute, em última instância, a função social da escola na contemporaneidade, problematizando a mídia como vetor de subjetivação no cotidiano escolar e no fazer pedagógico. No presente artigo colocamos em análise a metodologia da pesquisa, dando ênfase à centralidade do “diário de campo” e da“restituição”. Trabalharemos também o conceito de pesquisa-intervenção e sua implicação prática como estratégia da pesquisa com a escola. Discutiremos o uso do diário de campo como uma ferramenta facilitadora de vínculo e de construção de dados necessário para ressignificação da mesma. Destacaremos a restituição como o momento necessário para criarmos um campo de análise coletiva. Por fim, apresentaremos a importância dessas ferramentas para todo o processo de construção da nossa pesquisa.(AU)

Pesquisando com professores: a centralidade do diário de campo e da restituição em uma pesquisa-intervenção / Researching with teachers: the field diary and restitution’s importance in the intervention research

A pesquisa “Pesquisando com Professores: a relação mídia e cotidiano escolar” analisou com 25 professores de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza a relação entre mídia e cotidiano escolar. Como dispositivo de pesquisa foi criado o curso de extensão “Diálogos Escolares: Mídia e Cotidiano Escolar”. Com base em Michel Foucault (1987) acerca do poder disciplinar presente na educação escolar e em Gilles Deleuze (1990) sobre as novas formas de controle em que participam a mídia, a pesquisa discute, em última instância, a função social da escola na contemporaneidade, problematizando a mídia como vetor de subjetivação no cotidiano escolar e no fazer pedagógico. No presente artigo colocamos em análise a metodologia da pesquisa, dando ênfase à centralidade do “diário de campo” e da“restituição”. Trabalharemos também o conceito de pesquisa-intervenção e sua implicação prática como estratégia da pesquisa com a escola. Discutiremos o uso do diário de campo como uma ferramenta facilitadora de vínculo e de construção de dados necessário para ressignificação da mesma. Destacaremos a restituição como o momento necessário para criarmos um campo de análise coletiva. Por fim, apresentaremos a importância dessas ferramentas para todo o processo de construção da nossa pesquisa.(AU)

Tinnitus Annoyance in Normal-Hearing Individuals: Correlation With Depression and Anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: To assess and correlate tinnitus annoyance in normal-hearing patients with auditory brainstem response and with anxiety/depression. METHODS: A sample of 84 individuals with tinnitus and normal hearing levels (pure-tone thresholds ≤25 dB HL) was compared to a matched control group of 47 normal-hearing individuals without tinnitus. All participants underwent auditory brainstem response testing. Tinnitus annoyance was assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and depression and anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. We compared auditory brainstem response and anxiety/depression symptoms between groups. In the study group, we correlated the degree of tinnitus annoyance with normal/abnormal auditory brainstem response and presence/level of anxiety/depression symptoms. RESULTS: All controls had normal auditory brainstem response; 30 patients with tinnitus had abnormal results. Thirty-five patients with tinnitus had depression and 41 anxiety, while only 2 controls had depression and none had anxiety, with a significant between-group difference (P < .001). Normal/abnormal auditory brainstem response showed no association with tinnitus annoyance, anxiety, or depression. A higher degree of tinnitus annoyance was associated with severity of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Increased tinnitus annoyance was positively correlated with greater severity of anxiety and depression in normal-hearing patients but was unrelated to normal/abnormal auditory brainstem response.

Effects of a 2-Year Supervised Exercise Program Upon the Body Composition and Muscular Performance of HIV-Infected Patients.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of research investigating long-term effects of exercise training upon the body composition and muscle function in HIV-infected patients (PHIV). The study investigated the influence of a 2-year supervised exercise program on body composition and strength of PHIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: A training program including aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises was performed by 27 PHIV (17 men/ 10 women; age: 48.7±7.0 years; HAART: 150.7±65.3 months) during 1 year and 18 PHIV (10 men/ 8 women; age: 50.6±5.2 years; HAART: 176.6±53.1 months) during 2 years. Body composition and knee isokinetic strength were assessed at baseline and at the end of each year of intervention. RESULTS: Body composition remained stable along the whole experiment vs baseline (1-year - total muscle mass: Δ men=1.1%, P=0.21; Δ women=1.4%, P=0.06; trunk fat: Δ men=-0.1%, P=0.65; Δ women=-1.5%, P=0.45; 2 years - total muscle mass: Δ men=2.7%, P=0.54; Δ women=-1.9%, P=0.71; trunk fat: Δ men=4.4%, P=0.96; Δ women=10.0%, P=0.30). After 1-year, peak torque increased in men (Δ extension=4.2%, P=0.01; Δ flexion=12.2%, P=0.04) and total work reduced in women (Δ extension=-15.4%, P=0.01, Δ flexion=-17.5%, P=0.05). All strength markers remained stable vs baseline after 2 years of intervention (P>0.05). Only men showed significant reduction in the risk of disability due to sarcopenia (P=0.05) after 1 year of intervention, which remained stable after 2 years. CONCLUSION: Long-term exercise training preserved strength and muscle mass in PHIV under HAART. Exercise programs should be part of HIV therapy to prevent sarcopenia of this population along the years. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12610000683033; UTN U1111-1116-4416.

Nutritional and energy values of sunflower cake for broilers / Valores nutricionais e energéticos da torta de girassol para frangos de corte

The study aimed to determine the nutritional and energy values of sunflower cake for broilers through two experiments. The first study evaluated the energy values by the method of total excreta collection, using 100 broiler chicks 21–31 days old, divided into five treatments of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% inclusion sunflower cake will reference a diet. The second experiment evaluated the influence of the period and the quantity supplied of sunflower cake on digestibility of amino acids by a forcedfeeding technique. Eighteen cockerels were used, divided into three treatments, which consisted of supplying 15 g of sunflower cake, 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g at intervals of 12 hours) and 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g at intervals of 24 hours), and an additional six roosters were fasted for correctionof metabolic and endogenous losses. The samples were sent for amino acid analysis by HPLC in the Evonik Laboratory (Germany), and chemical and energy analysis to Unioeste Laboratory. The valuesof apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolization coefficient (AMC), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolization coefficient corrected for nitrogen balance (AMCn) for sunflower cake were 2211.68 kcal.kg-1, 2150.54 kcal.kg-1, 45.47% and 44.73%, respectively. The amount of food provided in the feeding method changed the assessment of true digestibility of amino acids (TDCA), and when only 15 g was used, the values of true digestibility coefficients were underestimated. The lysine, histidine and threonine amino acids were at lower TDCA, and arginine and methionine showed the highest TDCA for sunflower cake.(AU)

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição nutricional e os valores energéticos da torta de girassol para frangos de corte através de 2 experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se os valores energéticos através do método de coleta total de excretas, utilizando 100 frangos de corte de 21 a 31 dias de idade, distribuídos em 5 tratamentos de 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% de inclusão da torta de girassol á uma dieta referência. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a influência do período e da quantidade fornecida da torta de girassol sobre a digestibilidadedos aminoácidos, através da técnica de alimentação forçada. Foram utilizados 24 galos cecectomizados, distribuídos em 3 tratamentos, os quais consistiram no fornecimento de apenas 15 g de torta de girassol, de 30 g de torta de girassol (15 g com intervalo de 12 h),e de 30 g de torta de girassol (15 g com intervalo de 24 h) e simultaneamente 6 galos foram mantidos em jejum para correção das perdas endógenas e metabólicas. As amostras foram enviadas para análise de aminoácidos pelo HPLC no Laboratório da Evonik (Alemanha), e bromatológica e de energia ao Laboratório da Unioeste. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (AME), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade (CME), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (AMEn,), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade corrigido pelo balanço de nitrogênio (CMEn) para a torta de girassol foram de 2.211,68 kcal.kg-1, 2.150,54kcal.kg-1, 45,47% e 44,73%, respectivamente. A quantidade de alimento fornecido no método de alimentação forçada alterou a avaliação do coeficiente de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoácidos (CDVA), sendo que quando utilizado apenas 15 g, os valores de coeficiente de digestibilidade verdadeiro foram subestimados. A lisina, histidina e treonina foram os aminoácidos com menores CDVA, e a arginina e a metionina apresentaram os maiores CDVA para a torta de girassol.(AU)

Farelo de girassol para aves: composição química e alterações metodológicas na determinação dos valores energéticos e de aminoácidos digestíveis / Sunflower meal for broilers: chemical composition and metodologics amendments on determination of energetic values and digestible aminoacids

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição bromatológica e avaliar modificaçõesmetodológicas para determinação dos valores energéticos e do perfil de aminoácidos digestíveis dofarelo de girassol (FG) para aves. Amostras de FG foram analisadas para a determinação da composiçãobromatológica. Os valores energéticos foram obtidos pelo método de coleta total de excretas utilizandofrangos de corte machos em crescimento, submetidos a cinco dietas contendo 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% desubstituição de FG em uma ração-referência com quatro repetições. Para determinar os coeficientesde digestibilidade dos aminoácidos e avaliar diferentes métodos de determinação, outro experimentofoi conduzido empregando a técnica de alimentação forçada com galos adultos cecectomizados distribuídos em três tratamentos com seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em fornecer 30 g de FG divididas em duas intubações de 15 g em intervalos de 12 horas (controle); 30 g de FG divididas em duas intubações de 15 g em intervalos de 24 horas e 15 g de FG fornecidas em uma única intubação.A composição química determinada foi: 89,51% MS; 36,46% PB; 4294 kcal.kg-1 EB; 1,31% EE; 6,15% MM; 1,15% P; 0,33% Ca; 35,32% FDN e 22,30% FDA. O valor estimado para as variáveis energéticas foi afetado pelo nível de inclusão de FG na ração referência, sendo que o nível de 10%tende a superestimar os valores, os quais apresentam estabilidade a partir de níveis próximos a 20%. O coeficiente de digestibilidade dos aminoácidos do FG sofre influência da metodologia empregada na sua determinação no que diz respeito ao nível de inclusão para lisina, metionina, treonina, arginina, isoleucina e leucina. Com relação ao período entre a ingestão das doses, não foi verificada diferença entre 12 e 24 horas.(AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the bromatological composition and evaluate methodological modifications for determination of sunflower meal (SM) energetic values and digestibleaminoacids profile for poultry. Sunflower meal samples were analyzed to determine the bromatological composition. The energetic values were obtained by total feces collection method using growth male broilers, submitted to five diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% replacement of SM in a reference diet with four replicates. To determine the digestibility coefficients of aminoacids and evaluate diferente determination methods, another experiment was conducted using the technique of forced feeding cecectomized roosters distributed into three treatments with six replicates. The treatments consisted in supplying 30 g of SM divided into two intubations of 15 g every 12 hours (control), 30 g of SM divided into two intubations of 15 g every 24 hours and 15 g of SM supplied in a single intubation. The chemical composition determined was: 89.51% DM, 36.46% CP, 4294 kcal.kg-1 GE, 1.31% CF, 6.15% MM, 1.15% P, 0.33% Ca; 35.32% NDF and 22.30% ADF. The estimated value of the energetic variables was affected by the SM inclusion level in the reference ration, and the 10% level tends to overestimate the values, which presents stability from near levels of 20%. The SM aminoacids digestibility coefficient is influenced by the methodology used in its determination regarding to the level of inclusion for lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, leucine and isoleucine. In relation of period between dosis intake, there was no difference between 12 and 24 hours.(AU)

Energia metabolizável da glicerina bruta para frangos de corte de diferentes idades / Metabolizable energy of crude glycerin for broiler chickens at different ages

Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pela retenção de nitrogênio(EMAn) e seus respectivos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade (CMA e CMAn) da glicerina bruta foram determinados em frangos de corte utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas em diferentes idades. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e dez, cinco e quatro aves por unidade experimental para as fases de 11 a 20 dias, de 21 a 30 dias e de31 a 40 dias, respectivamente. O alimento teste substituiu a ração referência em 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 e 15%,sendo que o período experimental de cada fase teve duração de dez dias, dos quais cinco foram de adaptação e cinco de coleta total de excretas. Os valores de EMA e EMAn para a fase de 11 a 20 dias de idade variaram de 2723 a 3817 e de 2672 a 3667 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Na fase de 21 a 30 diasos valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 3660 a 3982 e de 3535 a 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente.Na fase de 31 a 40 dias os valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 3029 a 4143 e de 2975 a 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Os valores de CMA e CMAn, para a fase de 11 a 20 dias de idade reduziram linearmente, variando de 62,70 a 87,89 e de 61,53 a 84,41%, respectivamente. Na fase de 21 a 30 dias os coeficientes também reduziram linearmente, variando de 84,27 a 91,69 para CMA e de 81,39 a 90,83%para CMAn. Em contraste, durante a fase de 31 a 40 dias, os coeficientes apresentaram efeito linear crescente, valores estes que variaram de 69,76 a 95,39 para CMA e de 68,51 a 93,21% para CMAn. A glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada como fonte energética na alimentação de frangos de corte, pois apresenta valores elevados de energia metabolizável. No entanto, os valores de EMA e EMAn e seus coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da glicerina bruta variam de acordo com os níveis de inclusão na ração referência e da idade das aves.(AU)

The values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), the AME corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn)and their respective metabolization coefficients (CME and CMEn) of crude glycerin were determined utilizing the total excreta collection method with broiler chickens at different ages. A randomized complete design was used, with six treatments, six replications and ten, five and four birds per experimental unit in the periods from 11 to 20 days, from 21 to 30 days and from 31 to 40 days of age, respectively. The test food replaced the reference diet in 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15% and the experimental period for each phase lasted ten days, five of which for adaptation and five for total collection. The AME and AMEn values in the phase from 11 to 20 days ranged from 2723 to 3817 and from 2672 to 3667kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 21 to 30 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3660 to3982 and from 3535 to 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 31 to 40 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3029 to 4143 and from 2975 to 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectively. The values of CME andCMEn linearly decreased from 11 to 20 days of age, ranging from 62.70 to 87.89 and 61.53 to 84.41%,respectively. During the phase from 21 to 30 days the coefficients also linearly decreased, ranging from84.27 to 91.69 for CME and from 81.39 to 90.83% for CMEn. In contrast, during the phase from 31 to40 days, the coefficients linearly increased, values ranging from 69.76 to 95.39 for CME and from 68.51to 93.21% for CMEn. The crude glycerin can be used as an energy source in broiler diets, because it has high levels of metabolizable energy. However, the values of AME and AMEn and the metabolization coefficients of crude glycerin vary according to the levels in the reference diet and age of the birds.(AU)

A method for determination of imazapic and imazethapyr residues in soil using an ultrasonic assisted extraction and LC-MS/MS.

At least 52 % of the planted rice area in Rio Grande do Sul, a major rice producing state in Brazil, employs Clearfield(®) production system, corresponding to 580,000 ha of cultivated area. To grow rice with Clearfield(®) technology, producers combine imazethapyr and imazapic herbicides. However, these herbicides leave residual activity in soil; consequently, the repeated application of imazethapyr and imazapic on Brazilian Clearfield(®) rice fields has increased these herbicides persistence in treated soils. In this study, a method has been developed for removal and quantification of imazethapyr and imazapic residues in soil through ultrasonic assisted extraction using methanol-phosphoric acid aqueous solution (pH 2.0). The detected response was linear for both herbicides within the range of 0.25-5 ng mL(-1) with correlations coefficients >0.99. The quantification limit was limit of quantification 0.2 µg Kg(-1) for both pesticides. The good recovery rate from all pesticides, which ranges between 70 % and 120 %, demonstrates the method's validity.

Nutritional and energy values of sunflower cake for broilers / Valores nutricionais e energéticos da torta de girassol para frangos de corte

The study aimed to determine the nutritional and energy values of sunflower cake for broilers through two experiments. The first study evaluated the energy values by the method of total excreta collection, using 100 broiler chicks 21–31 days old, divided into five treatments of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% inclusion sunflower cake will reference a diet. The second experiment evaluated the influence of the period and the quantity supplied of sunflower cake on digestibility of amino acids by a forcedfeeding technique. Eighteen cockerels were used, divided into three treatments, which consisted of supplying 15 g of sunflower cake, 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g at intervals of 12 hours) and 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g at intervals of 24 hours), and an additional six roosters were fasted for correctionof metabolic and endogenous losses. The samples were sent for amino acid analysis by HPLC in the Evonik Laboratory (Germany), and chemical and energy analysis to Unioeste Laboratory. The valuesof apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolization coefficient (AMC), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolization coefficient corrected for nitrogen balance (AMCn) for sunflower cake were 2211.68 kcal.kg-1, 2150.54 kcal.kg-1, 45.47% and 44.73%, respectively. The amount of food provided in the feeding method changed the assessment of true digestibility of amino acids (TDCA), and when only 15 g was used, the values of true digestibility coefficients were underestimated. The lysine, histidine and threonine amino acids were at lower TDCA, and arginine and methionine showed the highest TDCA for sunflower cake.

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição nutricional e os valores energéticos da torta de girassol para frangos de corte através de 2 experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se os valores energéticos através do método de coleta total de excretas, utilizando 100 frangos de corte de 21 a 31 dias de idade, distribuídos em 5 tratamentos de 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% de inclusão da torta de girassol á uma dieta referência. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a influência do período e da quantidade fornecida da torta de girassol sobre a digestibilidadedos aminoácidos, através da técnica de alimentação forçada. Foram utilizados 24 galos cecectomizados, distribuídos em 3 tratamentos, os quais consistiram no fornecimento de apenas 15 g de torta de girassol, de 30 g de torta de girassol (15 g com intervalo de 12 h),e de 30 g de torta de girassol (15 g com intervalo de 24 h) e simultaneamente 6 galos foram mantidos em jejum para correção das perdas endógenas e metabólicas. As amostras foram enviadas para análise de aminoácidos pelo HPLC no Laboratório da Evonik (Alemanha), e bromatológica e de energia ao Laboratório da Unioeste. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (AME), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade (CME), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (AMEn,), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade corrigido pelo balanço de nitrogênio (CMEn) para a torta de girassol foram de 2.211,68 kcal.kg-1, 2.150,54kcal.kg-1, 45,47% e 44,73%, respectivamente. A quantidade de alimento fornecido no método de alimentação forçada alterou a avaliação do coeficiente de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoácidos (CDVA), sendo que quando utilizado apenas 15 g, os valores de coeficiente de digestibilidade verdadeiro foram subestimados. A lisina, histidina e treonina foram os aminoácidos com menores CDVA, e a arginina e a metionina apresentaram os maiores CDVA para a torta de girassol.

Farelo de girassol para aves: composição química e alterações metodológicas na determinação dos valores energéticos e de aminoácidos digestíveis / Sunflower meal for broilers: chemical composition and metodologics amendments on determination of energetic values and digestible aminoacids

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição bromatológica e avaliar modificaçõesmetodológicas para determinação dos valores energéticos e do perfil de aminoácidos digestíveis dofarelo de girassol (FG) para aves. Amostras de FG foram analisadas para a determinação da composiçãobromatológica. Os valores energéticos foram obtidos pelo método de coleta total de excretas utilizandofrangos de corte machos em crescimento, submetidos a cinco dietas contendo 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% desubstituição de FG em uma ração-referência com quatro repetições. Para determinar os coeficientesde digestibilidade dos aminoácidos e avaliar diferentes métodos de determinação, outro experimentofoi conduzido empregando a técnica de alimentação forçada com galos adultos cecectomizados distribuídos em três tratamentos com seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em fornecer 30 g de FG divididas em duas intubações de 15 g em intervalos de 12 horas (controle); 30 g de FG divididas em duas intubações de 15 g em intervalos de 24 horas e 15 g de FG fornecidas em uma única intubação.A composição química determinada foi: 89,51% MS; 36,46% PB; 4294 kcal.kg-1 EB; 1,31% EE; 6,15% MM; 1,15% P; 0,33% Ca; 35,32% FDN e 22,30% FDA. O valor estimado para as variáveis energéticas foi afetado pelo nível de inclusão de FG na ração referência, sendo que o nível de 10%tende a superestimar os valores, os quais apresentam estabilidade a partir de níveis próximos a 20%. O coeficiente de digestibilidade dos aminoácidos do FG sofre influência da metodologia empregada na sua determinação no que diz respeito ao nível de inclusão para lisina, metionina, treonina, arginina, isoleucina e leucina. Com relação ao período entre a ingestão das doses, não foi verificada diferença entre 12 e 24 horas.

The objective of this study was to determine the bromatological composition and evaluate methodological modifications for determination of sunflower meal (SM) energetic values and digestibleaminoacids profile for poultry. Sunflower meal samples were analyzed to determine the bromatological composition. The energetic values were obtained by total feces collection method using growth male broilers, submitted to five diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% replacement of SM in a reference diet with four replicates. To determine the digestibility coefficients of aminoacids and evaluate diferente determination methods, another experiment was conducted using the technique of forced feeding cecectomized roosters distributed into three treatments with six replicates. The treatments consisted in supplying 30 g of SM divided into two intubations of 15 g every 12 hours (control), 30 g of SM divided into two intubations of 15 g every 24 hours and 15 g of SM supplied in a single intubation. The chemical composition determined was: 89.51% DM, 36.46% CP, 4294 kcal.kg-1 GE, 1.31% CF, 6.15% MM, 1.15% P, 0.33% Ca; 35.32% NDF and 22.30% ADF. The estimated value of the energetic variables was affected by the SM inclusion level in the reference ration, and the 10% level tends to overestimate the values, which presents stability from near levels of 20%. The SM aminoacids digestibility coefficient is influenced by the methodology used in its determination regarding to the level of inclusion for lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, leucine and isoleucine. In relation of period between dosis intake, there was no difference between 12 and 24 hours.

Energia metabolizável da glicerina bruta para frangos de corte de diferentes idades / Metabolizable energy of crude glycerin for broiler chickens at different ages

Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pela retenção de nitrogênio(EMAn) e seus respectivos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade (CMA e CMAn) da glicerina bruta foram determinados em frangos de corte utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas em diferentes idades. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e dez, cinco e quatro aves por unidade experimental para as fases de 11 a 20 dias, de 21 a 30 dias e de31 a 40 dias, respectivamente. O alimento teste substituiu a ração referência em 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 e 15%,sendo que o período experimental de cada fase teve duração de dez dias, dos quais cinco foram de adaptação e cinco de coleta total de excretas. Os valores de EMA e EMAn para a fase de 11 a 20 dias de idade variaram de 2723 a 3817 e de 2672 a 3667 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Na fase de 21 a 30 diasos valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 3660 a 3982 e de 3535 a 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente.Na fase de 31 a 40 dias os valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 3029 a 4143 e de 2975 a 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Os valores de CMA e CMAn, para a fase de 11 a 20 dias de idade reduziram linearmente, variando de 62,70 a 87,89 e de 61,53 a 84,41%, respectivamente. Na fase de 21 a 30 dias os coeficientes também reduziram linearmente, variando de 84,27 a 91,69 para CMA e de 81,39 a 90,83%para CMAn. Em contraste, durante a fase de 31 a 40 dias, os coeficientes apresentaram efeito linear crescente, valores estes que variaram de 69,76 a 95,39 para CMA e de 68,51 a 93,21% para CMAn. A glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada como fonte energética na alimentação de frangos de corte, pois apresenta valores elevados de energia metabolizável. No entanto, os valores de EMA e EMAn e seus coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da glicerina bruta variam de acordo com os níveis de inclusão na ração referência e da idade das aves.

The values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), the AME corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn)and their respective metabolization coefficients (CME and CMEn) of crude glycerin were determined utilizing the total excreta collection method with broiler chickens at different ages. A randomized complete design was used, with six treatments, six replications and ten, five and four birds per experimental unit in the periods from 11 to 20 days, from 21 to 30 days and from 31 to 40 days of age, respectively. The test food replaced the reference diet in 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15% and the experimental period for each phase lasted ten days, five of which for adaptation and five for total collection. The AME and AMEn values in the phase from 11 to 20 days ranged from 2723 to 3817 and from 2672 to 3667kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 21 to 30 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3660 to3982 and from 3535 to 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 31 to 40 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3029 to 4143 and from 2975 to 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectively. The values of CME andCMEn linearly decreased from 11 to 20 days of age, ranging from 62.70 to 87.89 and 61.53 to 84.41%,respectively. During the phase from 21 to 30 days the coefficients also linearly decreased, ranging from84.27 to 91.69 for CME and from 81.39 to 90.83% for CMEn. In contrast, during the phase from 31 to40 days, the coefficients linearly increased, values ranging from 69.76 to 95.39 for CME and from 68.51to 93.21% for CMEn. The crude glycerin can be used as an energy source in broiler diets, because it has high levels of metabolizable energy. However, the values of AME and AMEn and the metabolization coefficients of crude glycerin vary according to the levels in the reference diet and age of the birds.

Is the degree of discomfort caused by tinnitus in normal-hearing individuals correlated with psychiatric disorders?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the annoyance of tinnitus in normal-hearing patients and to correlate it with outer hair cell function and with anxiety and depression disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with tinnitus (study group) and a control group consisting of 46 subjects without tinnitus were studied. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 45 years and had a hearing threshold of up to 25 dB in the frequency range of 500 to 8000 Hz. The subjects were submitted to otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests. Tinnitus annoyance was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and anxiety and depression were measured using the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. RESULTS: In the study group, 67% of the transient-evoked OAE tests were altered, with the observation of significant differences for all frequencies tested. In addition, 65.2% of the distortion product-evoked OAE tests were altered at 3000, 6000, and 8000 Hz, and this difference was significant when compared with control. Anxiety (44.1%) and depression (33.3%) were significantly more frequent among patients with tinnitus. Tinnitus annoyance was not correlated with the OAE results or tinnitus duration but showed a correlation with the presence of anxiety and depression. In the study group, no difference in tinnitus annoyance, anxiety, or depression was observed between patients with normal and altered OAE tests. CONCLUSION: This study showed altered OAE in patients with tinnitus and normal hearing. It also demonstrated a positive correlation between the annoyance of tinnitus and anxiety and depression in normal-hearing patients.

Clinic-epidemiological analysis of an otorhinolaryngology emergency unit care in a tertiary hospital.

UNLABELLED: Emergencies are common in our Otorhinolaringology specialty. However, the clinical and epidemiological features are not very well known. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profiles of otorhinolaryngological disorders in an emergency unit of a tertiary hospital, and to determine the appropriateness of the level of health care for a tertiary hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytical study using data records of an otorhinolaryngological emergency unit at a tertiary hospital in the Federal District for a year, full time, and no screening. The age, sex, arrival time and clinical diagnosis were evaluated. The entities were separated into cases of pharingolaryngoesthomatology, otology, rhinology, and head and neck surgery. These were evaluated according to the urgency level, the required care, and the arrival time. RESULTS: 26,584 data records were selected, of which 2,001 were excluded. The group comprised 54. 48% women, and 45. 51% men. Otological complaints (62. 27%) prevailed. 61. 26% of cases were considered emergencies. Only 9. 7% of those required medium or high complex resources for resolution. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that 61. 26% of the otorhinolaryngological cases are emergencies, and only 9. 7% required medium or high complexity resources.