High incidence of prostate cancer metastasis in Afro-Brazilian men with low educational levels: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated factors related to ethnicity and educational level, their correlation with tumor stage at the time of diagnosis, and their influence on treatment outcomes in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the medical records of 1,349 male patients treated for prostatic adenocarcinoma. We collected information about sociodemographic variables, including educational level and self-reported skin color. We also classified the disease according whether it was to more likely to present with metastasis and measured the tumor response to treatment. RESULTS: Less-educated (<8 years of education) individuals were 4.8 times more likely to develop metastasis than those with more education (>11 years of education; p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with a self-reported black skin color had a 300% increased risk of metastasis at diagnosis (p = 0.001). Distant metastasis was independently correlated with worse outcomes, such that individuals with distant metastasis were 10 times more likely to die than were those without distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with self-reported black skin color and <8 years of education were more likely to display advanced disease at the time of diagnosis compared with their counterparts. Only the presence of metastasis was independently associated with mortality or progressive disease.

Perfil epidemiológico mundial do câncer de próstata / Epidemiological profile of prostate cancer around the world

Objetivo: realizar revisão sistemática de literatura sobre a incidência dessa neoplasia no mundo. Metodologia: foirealizada busca na base de dados do PUBMED com os descritores epidemiology, prostate, câncer. Foram selecionadosartigos publicados entre 2002 a 2007. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão, pesquisas que não se tratavam diretamenteda incidência do câncer de próstata na população. Foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: autor(es), ano, objetivo,metodologia e conclusões. Resultados: foram relatados 10 artigos. Conclusões: foi possível verificar que, no mundo, adistribuição do câncer de próstata varia com a etnia, susceptibilidade genética e fatores ambientais, tais como dieta. Comrelação à etnia pode-se perceber que homens negros possuem maior susceptibilidade ao tumor que homens brancos demesma idade. Tratando-se de genética, as variações em alelos de genes que controlam o metabolismo de andrógenosinfluenciam na incidência do tumor. Quanto à nutrição, pesquisas confirmam a influência de alimentos como: carne,gorduras e óleos, sorvetes, margarina e gordura vegetal.