Evaluation of in vitro resistance of different 2.0-mm titanium plates on the mandibular angle sectioning.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare, by mechanical in vitro testing, a regular 5-hole plate and a long 4-hole plate with a regular 4-hole plate, applied to stabilize a simulated mandibular angle fracture. STUDY DESIGN: The plates from the 2.0-mm titanium-based system were adapted and stabilized passively in the same site in both groups using four screws, 6 mm long. During the resistance-to-load test, the force was applied perpendicular to the occlusal plane at three different points: first molar at the plated side, first molar at the contralateral side, and between the central incisors. RESULTS: The regular 5-hole plates and longer 4-hole plates were superior to the regular 4-hole plates. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between the regular 5-hole plates and long 4-hole plate. CONCLUSIONS: The length and shape of plates did not interfere with the effectiveness to stabilize the fragments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare, by mechanical in vitro testing, a regular 5-hole plate and a long 4-hole plate with a regular 4-hole plate, applied to stabilize a simulated mandibular angle fracture.Study design The plates from the 2.0-mm titanium-based system were adapted and stabilized passively in the same site in both groups using four screws, 6 mm long. During the resistance-to-load test, the force was applied perpendicular to the occlusal plane at three different points: first molar at the plated side, first molar at the contralateral side, and between the central incisors. RESULTS: The regular 5-hole plates and longer 4-hole plates were superior to the regular 4-hole plates. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between the regular 5-hole plates and long 4-hole plate.Conclusions The length and shape of plates did not interfere with the effectiveness to stabilize the fragments.

Bilateral alloplastic prostheses for temporomandibular joint reconstruction in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or Bechterew disease is a chronic, usually progressive, systemic inflammatory joint disease, which predominantly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. In these joints, early inflammatory changes are followed by lumbosacral pain and progressive restriction of spinal movement associated with radiologically visible intervertebral ossification. Peripheral joint involvement occurs in 10 to 30% of patients and shows a predilection for the shoulders, knees, ankles, feet, and wrists. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement has been described, and its reported frequency varies from 11 to 35%. However, ankylosis is uncommon with a single documented case utilizing an alloplastic prosthesis for total joint replacement. A case report of bilateral ankylosis of the jaw treated with alloplastic prostheses for total TMJ replacement using a Brazilian system in a patient with AS is presented.

Comparisons between Bio-Oss(®) and Straumann(®) Bone Ceramic in immediate and staged implant placement in dogs mandible bone defects.

OBJECTIVE: To compare immediate and staged approach implant placement in circumferential defects treated with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM); hidroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TP); autogenous bone (Ab); and coagulum (Cg); upon implant stability, osseointegration and alveolar crest maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six dogs underwent extractions of lower premolars, bilaterally. Twelve weeks later four bone defects (6 mm wide/4 mm long) were drilled at one side and randomly filled with DBBM; HA/TP; Ab; and Cg, respectively, and left to heal (staged approach). Eight weeks later one implant (Osseospeed(™) , AstraTech) was placed in experimental sites. At the same session four defects were drilled on contra-lateral side and implants were inserted immediately after biomaterials grafting (immediate approach). Animals were euthanized 8 weeks later. Implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at installation and after sacrifice. Ground sections were prepared for bone contact (BIC); bone area (BA); distance implant shoulder-bone crest (IS-C); distance implant shoulder first bone contact (IS-B); and areas occupied by soft tissue. RESULTS: The BA and BIC were superior in the staged approach. The Cg exhibited higher BIC and BA as compared with other materials at the total implant body (P = 0.004 and 0.012, respectively). The DBBM, HA/TP and Ab groups rendered similar BA and BIC. The immediate approach resulted in less crest resorption compared to staged approach. The biomaterials did not affect the IS-C and IS-B measurements. Particles area tended to be higher in DBBM group than HA/TP (P = 0.15), while soft tissue infiltrate was higher in DBBM group when used in the immediate approach (P = 0.04). The RFA indicated gain in stability in the staged approach (P = 0.002). The correlation test between RFA vs. BIC and BA demonstrated inferior stability for DBBM group in immediate approach (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Implants placed in healed defects resulted in better stability as a consequence of higher BIC and BA. The Cg alone rendered increased BIC compared to other materials in both approaches. Immediate approach should be preferable to staged approach in terms of alveolar crest maintenance. The BIC and BA values did not vary between micro and macro-threads in this experimental model. Implants installed in sites filled with DBBM in immediate approach were less stable.

Determination of relative in vivo osteoconductivity of modified potassium fluorrichterite glass-ceramics compared with 45S5 bioglass.

Potassium fluorrichterite (KNaCaMg(5)Si(8)O(22)F(2)) glass-ceramics were modified by either increasing the concentration of calcium (GC5) or by the addition of P(2)O(5) (GP2). Rods (2 × 4 mm) of stoichiometric fluorrichterite (GST), modified compositions (GC5 and GP2) and 45S5 bioglass, which was used as the reference material, were prepared using a conventional lost-wax technique. Osteoconductivity was investigated by implantation into healing defects in the midshaft of rabbit femora. Specimens were harvested at 4 and 12 weeks following implantation and tissue response was investigated using computed microtomography (µCT) and histological analyses. The results showed greatest bone to implant contact in the 45S5 bioglass reference material at 4 and 12 weeks following implantation, however, GST, GC5 and GP2 all showed direct bone tissue contact with evidence of new bone formation and cell proliferation along the implant surface into the medullary space. There was no evidence of bone necrosis or fibrous tissue encapsulation around the test specimens. Of the modified potassium fluorrichterite compositions, GP2 showed the greatest promise as a bone substitute material due to its osteoconductive potential and superior mechanical properties.

Evaluation of osteoconductive and osteogenic potential of a dentin-based bone substitute using a calvarial defect model.

The aim of this study was to assess the osteoconductive and osteogenic properties of processed bovine dentin using a robust rabbit calvarial defect model. In total, 16 New Zealand White rabbits were operated to create three circular defects in the calvaria. One defect was left unfilled, one filled with collected autogenous bone, and the third defect was filled with the dentin-based bone substitute. Following surgery and after a healing period of either 1 or 6 weeks, a CT scan was obtained. Following sacrificing, the tissues were processed for histological examination. The CT data showed the density in the area grafted with the dentin-based material was higher than the surrounding bone and the areas grafted with autologous bone after 1 week and 6 weeks of healing. The area left unfilled remained an empty defect after 1 week and 6 weeks. Histological examination of the defects filled with the dentin product after 6 weeks showed soft tissue encapsulation around the dentin particles. It can be concluded that the rabbit calvarial model used in this study is a robust model for the assessment of bone materials. Bovine dentin is a biostable material; however, it may not be suitable for repairing large 4-wall defects.

Tomographic, histological, and immunohistochemical evidences on the use of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrilate for onlay graft fixation in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: The bone tissue responses to Cyanoacrylate have been described in the literature, but none used N-butyl-2-cyanoacrilate (NB-Cn) for bone graft fixation. PURPOSE: The aims of the study were: (a) to analyze the bone grafts volume maintenance fixed either with NB-Cn or titanium screw; (b) to assess the incorporation of onlay grafts on perforated recipient bed; and (c) the differences of expression level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein involved in bone resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to calvaria onlay grafting on both sides of the mandible. On one side, the graft was fixed with NB-Cn, while on the other hand the bone graft was secured with an osteosynthesis screw. The computed tomography (CT) was performed just after surgery and at animals sacrifice, after 1 (n = 9) and 6 weeks (n = 9), in order to estimate the bone grafts volume along the experiments. Histological sections of the grafted areas were prepared to evaluate the healing of bone grafts and to assess the expression of TRAP protein. RESULTS: The CT scan showed better volume maintenance of bone grafts fixed with NB-Cn (p ≤ 0.05) compared with those fixed with screws, in both experimental times (analysis of variance). The immunohistochemical evaluation showed that the TRAP expression in a 6-week period was significantly higher compared with the 1-week period, without showing significant difference between the groups (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney). Histological analysis revealed that the NB-Cn caused periosteum damage, but provided bone graft stabilization and incorporation similar to the control group. CONCLUSION: The perforation provided by screw insertion into the graft during fixation may have triggered early revascularization and remodeling to render increased volume loss compared with the experimental group. These results indicate that the NB-Cn possesses equivalent properties to titanium screw to be used as bone fixation material in osteosynthesis.

Temporal abscess after third molar extraction in the mandible.

BACKGROUND: Dental infections resulting before or after third molar removal are complications in which the maxillofacial surgeon may have to initiate an earlier management. The severe dental infections resulting before or after this procedure is one of the few life-threatening complications in which the maxillofacial surgeon may have to initiate an earlier management. Infections involving the temporal space are rare and infrequently reported. Infections in this space have also been observed secondary to maxillary sinusitis, maxillary sinus fracture, temporomandibular arthroscopy, and drug injection, although more commonly associated to third molar infections. CASE REPORT: A 22-year-old man had undergone extraction of tooth 38 secondary to pericoronaritis by a general dentist. Physical examination of his face demonstrated severe trismus, pain, and swelling in temporal region. A CT scan showed an inflammatory area into the temporal space. He was started on IV cephalosporin, but the clinical course of the patient was not satisfactory. Incision and drainage were performed from an extraoral and intraoral approach. After discharged, the antibiotic was switched to clindamycin IO 600 mg. DISCUSSION: The retromaxillary and temporal infections are quite common after maxillary molar extractions but not after mandibular third molar, the spread mechanism of ascension must be involved with the virulence of microorganisms, but more studies are necessary to clarify this occurrence.

Retropharyngeal and cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema after maxillofacial trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Subcutaneous emphysema in the cervical region is a well-documented event that may occur secondary to tonsillectomy, dental treatment, oropharyngeal barotraumas, scaling and root planning therapy, punch biopsy, endotracheal intubation, orthognathic surgery, extraction of impacted teeth, or after maxillofacial trauma. After trauma episodes, subcutaneous emphysema may be caused by a maxillary antral wall fracture that occurs when air pressure is introduced into the fascial planes of the connective tissue. Retropharyngeal emphysema is a severe condition associated with traumatic aerodigestive tract injury and may be associated with life-threatening situations requiring prompt attention and diagnosis in order to prevent serious consequences. CASE REPORT: We reported a case of cervicofacial and retropharyngeal emphysema in a 54-year-old patient who stated concerns after blowing his nose several times after a traumatic episode involving orbitozygomatic region. During the patient's hospital course, his airway remained stable, and he was discharged from the hospital 7 days later with a prognosis of full recovery, excellent occlusion and facial appearance, and complete resolution of subcutaneous emphysema.

Acidentes e complicações associadas à cirurgia dos terceiros molares realizada por alunos de odontologia / Accidents and complications associated to third molar surgeries performed by dentistry students

O objetivo deste artigo é o de demonstrar as taxas de acidentes e complicações nas cirurgias de terceiros molares realizadas por alunos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia. METODOLOGIA: a análise retropectiva do prontuário de 122 pacientes submetidos à extração dos terceiros molares foi realizada. A idade dos pacientes, o gênero, a posição do dente no arco e os acidentes e complicações decorrentes das cirurgias foram considerados. Prontuários com dados incompletos foram excluídos do estudo. Do total, 88 pacientes foram incluídos, totalizando 210 extrações. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero feminino (70,47%), com idade média de 24 anos. Os molares inferiores corresponderam a mais da metade dos procedimentos cirúrgicos (56,2%), senda a posição vertical (60,37%) a mais encontrada. Os casos de acidentes e/ou complicações totalizaram 10,47% dos procedimentos, sendo a hemorragia (2,38%), as fraturas radiculares (1,90%) e as fraturas da tuberosidade maxilar (1,90%) as mais encontradas. Outros acidentes/complicações encontrados foram deiscência de sutura (1,45%), comunicação buco-sinusal (0,95%), parestesia (0,95%), alveolite (0,47%) e infecção (0,47%). CONCLUSÕES: a inexperiência do cirurgião não pôde ser considerada como um fator determinante para o aumento das taxas de acidentes e complicações em exodontias dos terceiros molares, tendo em vista a semelhança dos resultados deste trabalho com estudos desenvolvidos por cirurgiões experientes. É importante salientar a necessidade do conhecimento por parte dos alunos dos tratamentos mais adequados para os diferentes acidentes e complicações encontradas.

The aim of this work is to demonstrate accidents and complications rates on third molars surgeries performed by senior dentistry students. METHODS: a restrospective study of 122 patient charts submitted to third molars surgeries was done. Patient age, gender, dental in arch position, and accidents/complications were considered with the charts presenting incomplete dates being excluded from study. After all, 88 patients (210 surgeries) were included. RESULTS: the majority of the patients were female (70,47%), with average age of 24 years old. Mandibular molars represented more than half of the surgical procedures (56,2%), with teeth at vertical position the most found (60,37%). The cases of accidents and complications totalized 10,47% of all performed procedures, being bleeding (2,38%), root fractures (1,90%) and maxilar tuberosity (1,90%) the most found. Suture dehiscence (1,45%), oro-antral comunications (0,95%), paresthesia (0,95%), alveolitis (0,47%) and infection (0,47%) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: surgeons inexperience was not considered a determinant factor to modify the rates of accidents and complications at third molars surgeries when compared to previous works developed by experienced surgeons. Is important to highlight the necessity of the students knowledge of the most adequate treatments of each of the accidents and complications.

Paralisia facial após técnica anestésica mandibular / Facial nerve palsy after mandibular anesthesia technique

A paralisia do nervo facial tem múltiplas etiologias, como viroses, traumatismo facial, codutas iatrogênicas, tumores, origem idiopática, infarto cerebral e paralisia pseudobulbar, sendo, portanto, um achado bastante raro durante o tratamento dentário. Nessas situações, a paralisia pode estar associada à realização errônea da técnica anestésica, a procedimentos cirúrgicos prolongados de extração dentária, ou ainda, a infecções de origem dental. Neste trabalho, é demonstrado um caso de paralisia hemi-facial completa, ocorrida durante anestesia dos nervos lingual, alveolar inferior e bucal em uma paciente de 63 anos. A recuperação completa dos movimentos faciais foi observada após algumas horas, com a paciente sendo liberada, e o procedimento cirúrgico realizado duas semanas mais tarde.

Facial nerve palsy has many etiologies, such as viruses, facial trauma, iatrogenesis, tumors, idiopathic conditions, cerebral infarction and pseudobulbar palsy, as a result of which it is rarely observed during dental treatment. In this situation, it may be associated with the injection of a local anesthetic, prolonged surgical procedure for the removal of mandibular molars and infections of dental origin. We report a case of complete facial nerve palsy during a mandibular nerve block anesthesia in a 63-year-old woman. The full recovery of facial movements was attained after a few hours and she was discharged. The surgical procedure was performed two weeks later.

Use of zoledronic acid in the treatment of Gorham's disease.

Gorham's disease (Gorham-Stout syndrome) is a rare condition of unknown etiology involving a localized endothelial proliferation of lymph vessels resulting in destruction with bone resorption. The syndrome is rarely seen in the facial skeleton and has a large variety of prognoses and treatments. A case of this syndrome in a 9-year-old boy is presented. The clinical aspects are described, together with the treatment involving zoledronic acid. Other treatments described in the literature are reviewed. The authors believe that this report is one of the first cases in which a child afflicted in the first decade of life survives.

Odontogenic cysts: a clinicopathological study of 507 cases.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts at the Pernambuco School of Dentistry - Universidade de Pernambuco (Brazil) and compare this prevalence with other international studies. Data for the study were obtained from reports of patients diagnosed with odontogenic cysts between 1992 and 2007. Case records of patients who fit the Histological Classification of the World Health Organization (2005) were included. The following variables were analyzed: gender, age group, anatomical location, histological type and ethnic background. Odontogenic cysts accounted for 9.94% of all lesions biopsied throughout the study period. Mean patient age was 28.9 years and 57.6% of the patients were males (P > 0.05). Radicular cyst was the most prevalent histological type (52.2%), followed by dentigerous cyst (30.7%). Regarding ethnic background, 41.8 % of the patients were of African descent, followed by Caucasians and other ethnic groups (P > 0.05). The mandible was the most prevalent site of the lesions (56%). Odontogenic cysts appear to have a distinct predilection for the male gender, the second and third decades of life (P < 0.05) and are more frequent in the mandible. The removal of odontogenic keratocysts from the new WHO classification has not altered the order of the most prevalent cysts in the maxillofacial complex.

Fibroma Ameloblástico: Consideraciones Clínicas, Caso Clínico

Los tumores odontogénicos comprenden un grupo complejo de lesiones de comportamiento clínico y tipos histológicos diversos. Algunas de estas lesiones son neoplasias verdaderas y raramente pueden presentar un comportamiento maligno. Otras pueden representar malformaciones semejantes a tumores (hamartomas). El fibroma ameloblástico es considerado un verdadero tumor mixto, en el cual los tejidos epitelial y mesenquimal son neoplásicos. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo describir el caso de una paciente perteneciente a la segunda década de vida, asintomática donde fue diagnosticado un fibroma ameloblástico siendo realizado tratamiento quirúrgico para remoción de la lesión; así como realizar diversas consideraciones con respecto a las principales características clínicas de esta neoplasia, haciendo referencias al diagnóstico y su tratamiento clínico.

Os tumores odontogênicos compreendem um grupo complexo de lesões de comportamento clínicos e tipos histológicos diversos. Algumas destas lesões são verdadeiras neoplasias e raramente podem apresentar um comportamento maligno. Outras podem representar malformações semelhantes a tumores (hamartomas). O fibroma ameloblástico é considerado um verdadeiro tumor misto, no qual os tecidos epitelial e mesenquimal são neoplásicos. O presente trabalho têm por objetivo descrever o caso de uma paciente pertencente a segunda década de vida, assintomática onde foi diagnósticada a lesão acima citada, sendo posteriormente realizado tratamento cirúrgico para remoçao da lesão; e fazer diversas considerações a respeito das principais características clínicas desta neoplasia, fazendo referências ao diagnóstico e seu tratamento clínico.

Odontogenic tumors are a complex group of injuries that presents several types of clinical behaviors and histological types. Some of these tumors are true neoplasms and rarely present in malignant forms. Others can present tumors-like malformations (hamartomas). The ameloblastic fibroma is considered a true mixed odontogenic tumor, in which epithelial and mesenchymal Tissues are neoplasics. The aim of this study was to describe a case of a second -decade of life patient, asymptomatic, that was diagnosed the lesion above cited, being latter carried surgical treatment for tumor removal. It was also done considerations regarding the main clinical characteristics of this neoplasm, and made references to the diagnosis and its clinical treatment.

Tratamento cirúrgico de extenso cisto odontogênico glandular: considerações clínico-cirúrgicas / Surgical treatment of an extensive glandular odontogenic cyst: a case report

O Cisto Odontogênico Glandular (COG) é um cisto raro que foi descrito inicialmente por PAdayache e Van Wyk em 1987, sob o termo cisto ?sialo-odontogênico?. Entretando, seu nome foi alterado para Cisto Odontogênico Glandular por Gardner et al. em 1988, em virtude da falta de evidência de sua possível origem glandular e para enfatizar a derivação odontogênica desse cisto. Esse termo foi posteriormente adotado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Clinicamente, um aumento de volume de crescimento lento e assintomático é observado frequentemente, na região anteior de mandíbula (85%), e uma leve predileção para os homens pode ser vista. Radiograficamente, esses cistos podem ser uniloculares ou multioculares com uma borda bem definida, e, embora nenhuma das características clínicas ou radiográficas do COG seja única ou patognomônica, a lesão tem um comportamento potencialmente agressivo. Na literatura, recomendações para o tratamento dessa entidade têm sido esporádicas e não baseadas em evidências. Este artigo tem o objetivo de relatar o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, leucoderma, 33 anos de idade, que procurou o departamento de Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco devivo a um aumento de volume na região anterior de mandíbula, com dois anos de evolução. Uma biópsia incisional foi realizada, e, após o diagnóstico histológico de COG, procedeu-se ao tratamento cirúrgico da lesão por meio de osteotomia periférica. Atualmente, o paciente está em controle pós-operatório de dois anos e meio, sem recorrência da lesão.

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (COG) is a rare odontogenic cyst that was first described by Padayachee and Van Wyk in 1987 under the term ? sialo-odontogenic cyst?. However , its name was changed to Glandular Odontogenic Cyst by Gardner et al in 1988 because of the lack of evidence of salivary gland origin and to emphasize the odontogenic derivation of this cyst. The term was later adopted by the World Health Organization. Clinically, an asymptomatic slow-growing swelling is observed frequently in the anterior region of the mandible( 85%), and a slight predilection for men can be seen, with a female-to-male ratio of 19:28. Radiologically, these cysts may be unilocular or multilocular with a well-defined border, and although none of the clinical or radiographic features of GOC are unique or pathognomonic, the lesion has a potentially aggressive behavior. Recommendations for treatment in the literature have been sporadic and are not supported by evidence-based data. This paper aims to report the case of a male, leucoderma, 33 years old, who sought the department of Maxillofacial Surgery due to painless swelling in anterior region of the mandible with two years of evolution. Incisional biopsy was performed, and after the histological diagnosis of COG, proceeded to the surgical treatment of lesion through peripheral osteotomy. Currently,the patient is in postoperative control of two and half years, without recurrence of the lesion.

Granuloma piogênico oral: um estudo epidemiológico de 191 casos / Oral pyogenic granuloma: a epidemiologic study of 191 cases

Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do granuloma piogênico e comparar os dados obtidos com outros relatos na literatura mundial. Métodos: O material do estudo foi levantado a partir dos registros de pacientes com diagnóstico de granuloma piogênico oral no Laboratório de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia, da Universidade de Pernambuco, no período de janeiro de 1992 a março de 2007 (15 anos). Foram analisados os indicadores gênero, faixa etária, raça, localização anatômica, diâmetro das lesões e presença de sintomatologia. Resultados: Dentre os 5007 registros presentes no laboratório, 3,81% correspondiam a lesões diagnosticadas como granuloma piogênico oral, onde 19,9% dos pacientes pertenciam a segunda década de vida, 40,1% eram da raça branca, a gengiva foi o local mais acometido (77,9%) e lesões de menor diâmetro (0,1 a 2 cm) foram as mais observadas no diagnóstico inicial. Conclusão: As características clínico-patológicas do granuloma piogênico oral na população estudada é similar aos outros estudos presentes na literatura.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of pyogenic granuloma and compare the data obtained with those of other reports in the world literature. Methods: The study material was surveyed from the records of patients with diagnosis of oral pyogenic granuloma, at the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the School of Dentistry of the University of Pernambuco, in the period from January 1992 to March 2007 (15 years). The following indicators were analyzed: gender, age group, race, anatomic location, diameter of lesions and presence of symptomatology. Results: Among the 5007 records in the laboratory, 3.81% corresponded to lesions diagnosed as oral pyogenic granuloma, in which 19.9% of the patients were in the second decade of life, 40.1% were white, the gingiva was the most affected location (77.9%) and lesion of smaller diameter (0.1 to 2 cm) were those most observed at the initial diagnosis. Conclusion: The clinical-pathological characteristics of oral pyogenic granuloma in the studied population are similar to those of other studies in the literature.

Surgical removal of metallic foreign body in face: case report / Remoção cirúrgica de corpo estranho metálico em face: relato de caso

Foreign bodies are often encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and may present a diagnostic challenge, due to many factors such as the size of the object, the difficult access and a close anatomical relationship of the foreign body to vital structures. A 31-year-old man was admitted reporting that he underwent hurt during his job, when a recharge gun cartridge machine exploded and a fragment penetrated in his right side face, at infra-orbit region. This fact occurred in the past two months and the wound was already cicatrized by the time admission. Water's lateral skull and post-anteterior radiograph incidences showed impaction of the foreign body in the zygomatic region. The foreign body was removed and the patient received tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics and discharged one day later without any further problems. It is of vital importance the professional knowledge about the possible foreign body existence on the patient's head and neck segment in order to decrease the delayed foreign body's removal due to several common misdiagnosis erros, reducing the complications that are likely to occur when foreign bodies are retained in the organism.

Corpos estranhos são frequentemente encontrados por cirurgiões Buco-Maxilo-Faciais e podem apresentar um desafio para o diagnóstico por vários fatores, como o tamanho do objeto, o difícil acesso, e a íntima relação do corpo estranho com estruturas anatômicas vitais. Um homem de 31 anos de idade foi admitido relatando que se feriu por acidente de trabalho, quando uma máquina de recarga de cartucho de munição de arma explodiu, e um fragmento penetrou em seu lado direito da face, na região infra-orbitária. O fato ocorreu dois meses antes da procura ao serviço. Foram feitas as incidências de Water, perfil e póstero-anterior de crânio, que mostraram impactação do corpo estranho na região zigomática. O mesmo foi removido e o paciente foi submetido à profilaxia antitetânica e antibioticoterapia, recebendo alta hospitalar no primeiro dia do pós-operatório, sem nenhuma queixa digna de nota. É de fundamental importância o conhecimento do profissional sobre a possível existência de corpos estranhos no segmento cabeça e pescoço dos pacientes, sempre considerando essa possibilidade, a fim de se diminuir o atraso na sua remoção, haja visto os comuns erros de diagnóstico, reduzindo, assim, as complicações inerentes à retenção de corpos estranhos no organismo.

Cisto de Gorlin: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Gorlin’s Cyst: a case report and literature review

O Cisto de Gorlin, também denominado Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante, é uma lesão incomum, que soma, apenas, 0,3 por cento das biópsias da cavidade oral e 2 por cento de todos os cistos e tumores odontogênicos. A sua patogênese permanece desconhecida, embora comumente seja aceito que se desenvolva a partir de remanescentes do epitélio odontogênico, presentes no interior da mandíbula, maxila e gengiva. Desde a sua descrição original, diversos termos têm sido utilizados para denominá-lo. A existência dessa variedade de denominações é um reflexo da sua diversidade histopatológica e da confusão ainda presente a respeito de sua natureza cística, neoplásica ou hamartomatosa. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a sua origem e classificação e, relatar o caso de um paciente, de 19 anos de idade, leucoderma, apresentando aumento de volume na face lingual da mandíbula, próximo à linha média, sem sintomatologia dolorosa e radiograficamente apresentando-se como uma lesão radiolúcida de bordas bem definidas.

Estudo sobre meios de conservação de dentes avulsionados - uma revisão da literatuta / Storage media for avulsed teeth - a literature review

A avulsão dental ocorre em 16% dos casos de traumatismos dentários, sendo três vezes mais frequente em meninos do que em meninas e ocorrendo com maior frequência em crianças de 07 a 11 anos de idade. O tratamento mais indicado é o reimplante imediato, na tentativa de se preservar principalmente a vitalidade do ligamento periodontal. Na impossibilidade deste procedimento, a vítima do traumatismo ou o seu responsável deve armazenar o dente em um meio de conservação adequado e procurar o dentista imediatamente para que ele possa fazer o reimplante. Nesse sentido, vários autores têm investigado o melhor meio para a manutenção da vitalidade das células remanescentes do ligamento periodontal até o momento do reimplante. Esta revisão de literatura tem o intuito principal de discutir qual ou quais os meios mais indicados para a manutenção da vitalidade das células do ligamento periodontal durante o período em que o dente permanece fora do alvéolo