Extraction, Purification and Electrical Characterization of Gross Galactomannan and Purified Galactomannan Obtained from Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds.

Aiming of self-sustainable production, the search for biodegradable and biocompatible materials has brought with it the need to know the physicochemical and dielectric characteristics of polysaccharide-based composite structures, which can be used as important and promising raw materials for biotechnology and electronic industries. Galactomannans are polysaccharides, extracted from seeds and microbiological sources, consisting of mannose and galactose. In this context, this work aimed to extract, purify and characterize by XRD, FTIR and impedance spectroscopy galactomannan obtained from seeds of Adenanthera pavonina L. The purification process was made with ethyl alcohol at concentrations of 70, 80 and 90 %. Polymeric films were prepared by solvent slow evaporation at low temperatures. XRD measurements revealed that Galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L., after purification, has a semi-crystalline structure due to the identification of two peaks the first between 5.849° and 6.118° and the second between 20.011° and 20.247°. FTIR spectra showed the functional groups associated with monosaccharides of the galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds, as well as the typical polysaccharide bands and peaks, confirmed by literature data. The impedance results give an increment on the state-of-the-art of this biomaterial by showing the existence of dielectric relaxations, independent of the degree of purification, using the dielectric modulus formalism. The permittivity analysis reveals the presence of water in the structure of the film, whose dipoles contribute to the relatively high value of the dielectric constant. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that purified galactomannan has the potential for possible applications in the electronics industry as a green and eco-friendly dielectric material.

Phase changes of tris(glycinato)chromium(III) monohydrate crystal systematically studied by thermal analyses, XRPD, FTIR, and Raman combined with ab initio calculations.

Tris(glycinato)chromium(III) monohydrate [Cr(C2H4NO2)3·H2O] crystals were grown through the slow solvent evaporation method. The crystals were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. The assignments of vibration modes were performed using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). Thermal analyses (TGA, DTA, and DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman were used to study the phase changes on the crystals under high- and low-temperature conditions. Temperature-dependent XRPD measurements were carried out in the interval of 473-12 K. Several changes were observed in the patterns, like the appearance of new peaks and the disappearance of peaks occurring within 373-393 K due to water loss. In addition, the Raman measurements were performed in the 423-10 K interval. Several changes on the inter and intramolecular vibration bands during the cooling, such as decreasing bands' intensities, the appearance of vibration modes, and discontinuities on the modes' behavior, were observed. These spectral modifications occurred at about 370 K and within 120-220 K, thus, confirming that the crystals undergo two phase changes, one being structural and the other one conformational, respectively, at high- temperature and low-temperature conditions. Finally, thermal investigations corroborated the structural and vibrational results under high temperatures.

Structural, thermal, electronic, vibrational, magnetic, and cytotoxic properties of chloro(glycinato-N,O)(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')­copper(II) trihydrate coordination complex.

Chloro(glycinato-N,O)(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')­copper(II) trihydrate complex was synthesized through the slow evaporation method. The crystal's structural, thermal, magnetic, and vibrational properties were obtained by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermal analyses, magnetization, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRPD results showed that the crystalline complex belongs to a monoclinic system (P21/n). Thermal analyses revealed that around 333 K, the material undergoes a thermodynamically irreversible process. Magnetic data showed a paramagnetic behavior with weak ferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, all the Raman- and infrared-active bands were assigned from computational calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) to analyze intra-molecular vibrational modes. In addition, the cytotoxic assay on colorectal cancer cells was performed to evaluate the antitumor activity of this ternary compound. Therefore, the antineoplastic activity of [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline)(glycine)Cl]•3H2O complex in HCT-116 cells was confirmed, showing a potent cytotoxic effect.

Phospholipid composition and resistance to vitrification of in vivo blastocyst of a Brazilian naturalized porcine breed / Composição de fosfolipídios e resistência à vitrificação de blastocistos produzidos in vivo de uma raça de suíno naturalizada brasileira

Piau porcine blastocysts were submitted to MALDI-TOF to identify the main phospholipids (PL). After that, in vivo blastocysts (D6) were vitrified (n=52), non-vitrified were used as control (n=42). After warming, blastocysts were in vitro cultured to assess re-expansion and hatching at 24 and 48 hours. Finally, at 48 hours, hatched blastocysts were submitted to RT-qPCR searching for BCL2A1, BAK, BAX and CASP3 genes. For MALDI-TOF, the ion intensity was expressed in arbitrary units. Blastocyst development was compared by Qui-square (P< 0.05). Among the most representative PL was the phosphatidylcholine [PC (32:0) + H]+; [PC (34:1) + H]+ and [PC (36:4) + H]+. Beyond the PL, MALDI revealed some triglycerides (TG), including PPL (50:2) + Na+, PPO (50:1) + Na+, PLO (52:3) + Na+ and POO (52:2) + Na. Re-expansion did not differ (P> 0.05) between fresh or vitrified blastocysts at 24 (33.3%; 32.7%) or 48 hours (2.4%; 13.5%). Hatching rates were higher (P< 0.05) for fresh compared to vitrified at 24 (66.7%; 15.4%) and 48 hours (97.6%; 36.0%). BAX was overexpressed (P< 0.05) after vitrification. In conclusion, Piau blastocysts can be cryopreserved by Cryotop. This study also demonstrated that the apoptotic pathway may be responsible for the low efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation.(AU)

Blastocistos de suínos foram submetidos ao MALDI-TOF para se identificarem os principais fosfolipídios (PL). Depois, parte destes embriões (D6) foram vitrificados (n=52), ou permaneceram frescos (grupo controle, n=42). Após o aquecimento, os blastocistos foram cultivados in vitro para se avaliar a reexpansão e a eclosão (BE) às 24 e 48 horas. Finalmente, às 48 horas, os BE foram submetidos ao RT-qPCR em busca dos genes BCL2A1, BAK, BAX e CASP3. No MALDI-TOF, a intensidade do íon foi expressa em unidades arbitrárias. O desenvolvimento embrionário foi comparado por qui-quadrado (P<0,05). Entre os PL mais representativos estavam as fosfatidilcolinas [PC (32: 0) + H] +; [PC (34: 1) + H] + e [PC (36: 4) + H] +. Além do PL, o MALDI revelou alguns triglicerídeos (TG), incluindo PPL (50: 2) + Na +, PPO (50: 1) + Na +, PLO (52: 3) + Na + e POO (52: 2) + Na. A reexpansão não diferiu (P>0,05) entre blastocistos frescos ou vitrificados às 24 (33,3%, 32,7%) e 48 horas (2,4%, 13,5%). As taxas de eclosão foram maiores (P<0,05) para o grupo fresco comparado ao vitrificado às 24 (66,7% x 15,4%) e 48 horas (97,6% x 36,0%). O BAX estava mais expresso (P<0,05) após a vitrificação. Concluindo, os blastocistos Piau podem ser criopreservados por Cryotop. Este estudo também demonstrou que a via apoptótica pode ser responsável pela baixa eficiência da criopreservação de embriões suínos.(AU)

Immature Stages of Six Species of Adelpha Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) from Southern Brazil Coastal Forests.

Six species of Adelpha Hübner from Balneário Barra do Sul (Santa Catarina) and Morretes (Paraná) were collected as eggs or larvae and reared in captivity, aiming to provide descriptions and photography of the immature stages and imagoes. The species studied were Adelpha radiata radiata Fruhstorfer; Adelpha serpa serpa (Boisduval); Adelpha plesaure plesaure Hübner; Adelpha thesprotia (C. Felder & R. Felder); Adelpha lycorias lycorias (Godart); and Adelpha capucinus velia (C. Felder & R. Felder). Two new records of host plants were provided, Tapirira guianensis Aubl. for A. radiata radiata and Heteropterys for A. capucinus velia. This study provides a summary of host plants and the seasonality of occurrence of immature stages of these species. Data were organized in photographic plates that could be useful for the identification process.

Local distribution and abundance of Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1928 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) in southern Brazil.

The blue land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) is officially included in the list of over-exploited species in Brazil, although still abundantly found in the state of Santa Catarina, the southern limit of its distribution. This species was found in forested areas, gardens, and grassy areas, including crabs with carapace width larger than 80mm. The existence of this population with these characteristics is surprising, since there is only one official record of the species in the southern region. The objectives of this study are to estimate the abundance and occupation patterns of C. guanhumi in this region. Correlations with conservation were discussed. The absolute abundance of crabs in the middle of summer activity was established for an area of 100,000 m2. A smaller area was mapped and divided into sampling units for statistical analyses. We distributed approximately 240 crabs in a forested area of about 3,000 m2 and 150 crabs in grassy areas (90,000 m2). The statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there are significant differences between the sizes of the openings of the galleries inside the forest and that located in grassy areas. In the forest, the openings tend to be much larger. Burrows were found at a distance of 150 metres from the channel. The number of galleries was higher in the forested area, although the burrows were more densely grouped in grassy areas. Although C. guanhumi seems to be adjusting well to changes caused by human occupation, small forested areas are more conducive to growth and conservation of this species.

Local distribution and abundance of Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1928 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) in southern Brazil / Distribuição local e abundância de Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1928 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) no sul do Brasil

The blue land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) is officially included in the list of over-exploited species in Brazil, although still abundantly found in the state of Santa Catarina, the southern limit of its distribution. This species was found in forested areas, gardens, and grassy areas, including crabs with carapace width larger than 80mm. The existence of this population with these characteristics is surprising, since there is only one official record of the species in the southern region. The objectives of this study are to estimate the abundance and occupation patterns of C. guanhumi in this region. Correlations with conservation were discussed. The absolute abundance of crabs in the middle of summer activity was established for an area of 100,000 m2. A smaller area was mapped and divided into sampling units for statistical analyses. We distributed approximately 240 crabs in a forested area of about 3,000 m2 and 150 crabs in grassy areas (90,000 m2). The statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there are significant differences between the sizes of the openings of the galleries inside the forest and that located in grassy areas. In the forest, the openings tend to be much larger. Burrows were found at a distance of 150 metres from the channel. The number of galleries was higher in the forested area, although the burrows were more densely grouped in grassy areas. Although C. guanhumi seems to be adjusting well to changes caused by human occupation, small forested areas are more conducive to growth and conservation of this species.

O Guaiamum, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) é uma espécie oficialmente inclusa na lista de espécies sobre-explotadas no Brasil, ainda encontrada em abundância no Estado de Santa Catarina, seu limite austral de distribuição. Esta espécie foi encontrada tanto em áreas florestais quanto em jardins e áreas abertas, sendo comuns caranguejos de grande porte (largura da carapaça > 80mm). A existência dessa população com tais características surpreende, pois há apenas um registro oficial da espécie na região sul. Os objetivos deste estudo é estimar a abundância desta espécie na região, inferir padrões de distribuição relacionados ao tipo de ecossistema e ao tamanho das aberturas de toca. Essas informações foram relacionadas à conservação desta população. A abundância absoluta de caranguejos em atividade no meio do verão foi estabelecida para uma área de 100.000 m2. Uma área menor foi mapeada e dividida em unidades amostrais, utilizadas para análises estatísticas. Contamos aproximadamente 240 caranguejos distribuídos em uma área de floresta de aproximadamente 3.000 m2 e 150 caranguejos em áreas abertas equivalentes a 90.000 m2. O teste estatístico de Kruskal-Wallis evidenciou que há diferenças significativas entre os tamanhos das aberturas das galerias no interior da floresta em relação às localizadas em áreas abertas. Na floresta, as aberturas tendem a ser muito maiores. Foram encontradas tocas a uma distância de 150 metros do canal. O número de galerias foi maior na área florestada, embora as tocas sejam mais densamente agrupadas em áreas abertas. Embora C. guanhumi pareça estar se adaptando bem as mudanças provocadas pela ocupação humana, as pequenas áreas florestadas são mais propícias para o crescimento e a conservação desta espécie.

Cryptic species and genetic structure in Didemnum granulatum Tokioka, 1954 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the southern Brazilian coast.

Didemnum granulatum is a colonial fouling ascidian that lives in subtidal substrates, worldwide. It exhibits two morphotypes, orange and beige. In this study, we verified if the color morphotypes and/or the spatial distribution of specimens in different islands might be associated to patterns of genetic structure of a single species, or if they represent distinct cryptic species. Specimens were collected in four islands, along the coast of the Santa Catarina state. A segment of 490 bp from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) was amplified from 45 samples. Twenty-one haplotypes were identified. The total haplotype diversity (0.912) and the total nucleotide diversity (0.044) were high. The global Fst of the populations analyzed was 0.97, with most of the variation occurring between orange and beige groups (82.19%). The variation found between populations within groups was 15.37%, and 2.45% within populations. Haplotype networks and the neighbor-joining tree showed clear genetic divergence between individuals of distinct colors, and between the islands. These evidences strongly support the presence of a complex of two cryptic species for D. granulatum occupying the studied area. Both species were also highly genetically structured between islands, suggesting that the conservation process of these populations is complex.

Diel variation in fish assemblages in tidal creeks in southern Brazil.

Tidal creeks are strongly influenced by tides and are therefore exposed to large differences in salinity and depth daily. Here we compare fish assemblages in tidal creeks between day and night in two tidal creeks in southern Brazil. Monthly day and night, simultaneous collections were carried out in both creeks using fyke nets. Clupeiformes tended to be caught more during the day. Cathorops spixii, Genidens genidens and Rypticus randalli tended to be caught at night. Sciaenidae also tended to be caught more during the night. In general, pelagic species were diurnal, while deep water species were nocturnal. These trends are probably due to a variety of causes, such as phylogeny, predation and net avoidance.

Diel variation in fish assemblages in tidal creeks in southern Brazil

Tidal creeks are strongly influenced by tides and are therefore exposed to large differences in salinity and depth daily. Here we compare fish assemblages in tidal creeks between day and night in two tidal creeks in southern Brazil. Monthly day and night, simultaneous collections were carried out in both creeks using fyke nets. Clupeiformes tended to be caught more during the day. Cathorops spixii, Genidens genidens and Rypticus randalli tended to be caught at night. Sciaenidae also tended to be caught more during the night. In general, pelagic species were diurnal, while deep water species were nocturnal. These trends are probably due to a variety of causes, such as phylogeny, predation and net avoidance.

As gamboas são canais com traçado meandrante altamente influenciados pelas marés e sofrem grande variação de salinidade e profundidade em um mesmo dia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as assembléias de peixes diurna e noturna, e para tanto foram escolhidas duas gamboas no sul do Brasil. Coletas mensais foram feitas simultaneamente na maré vazante da tarde e na maré enchente da noite, com o auxílio de redes fyke. Os clupeiformes exibiram tendência para captura diurna. As espécies: Cathorops spixii, Genidens genidens e Rypticus randalli exibiram forte tendência para captura noturna. A família Sciaenidae também mostrou tendência para captura noturna. De forma geral, espécies pelágicas foram mais capturadas durante o dia, e espécies mais relacionadas ao fundo foram mais capturadas à noite, e isto se deve à ação conjunta de vários fatores, tais como: padrões filogenéticos, fuga do instrumento de coleta e busca de locais mais protegidos contra predação.

The effect of experimental pleurodesis caused by aluminum hydroxide on lung and chest wall mechanics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chemical sclerosing agent, aluminum hydroxide, on pleural remodeling and on respiratory mechanics in rats. Saline (2 mL) or aluminum hydroxide [2 mL (0.15 g/mL)] was instilled intrapleurally in anesthetized male rats. The animals were studied 7 or 30 days after the instillation. Respiratory system, lung, and chest wall elastic, resistive, and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures were measured by the end-inflation occlusion method. We studied the pleural remodeling process by means of semiquantitative analysis of the induced inflammation and quantitative analysis of the collagen extracellular matrix component. The effects on the underlying lung were analyzed morphometrically. Chest wall elastic and viscoelastic pressures increased after aluminum hydroxide instillation independent of time after instillation. Pleural inflammation was observed 7 days after instillation, while pleural adherence with a marked increase in the type I/type III collagen ratio was present 30 days after instillation. Histological examination demonstrated no differences in lung parenchyma among the groups. In conclusion, the present model describes the establishment of pleurodesis by aluminum hydroxide, which thwarts the normal chest wall mechanical profile without inducing any changes in the underlying lungs. The results were disclosed by both mechanical and morphological evaluation of the pleural remodeling.

Temporal evolution of pneumothorax: respiratory mechanical and histopathological study.

Respiratory mechanics, chest wall configuration, and lung morphometry were determined in rats before and at 30 (PTX.30) and 60 (PTX.60) min after pneumothorax induction (intrathoracic injection of 8 ml of room air; 50% collapse). Pneumothorax increased respiratory system and lung elastances and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures in both groups, but respiratory system and lung resistive pressures increased only in PTX.60 group. Antero-posterior diameters at the third intercostal space and xiphoid levels, circumference at xiphoid level, and thoracic cephalo-caudal diameter increased significantly after pneumothorax induction independently of temporal evolution. In both groups lung collapse, hyperinflation, and interstitial and alveolar edema were present. Additionally, in PTX.60 group the central airways calibre diminished in relation to PTX.30. In conclusion pneumothorax yields changes in respiratory system and lung elastic and viscoelastic parameters, which are related to alveolar collapse and edema, respectively. Temporal evolution of pneumothorax also leads to changes in lung resistive pressure, probably because of airway narrowing.

Effect of intraoperative nutritional solutions on perianastomotic colonic mucosa in experimental large bowel obstruction.

We investigated the effect of intraoperative lavage with various solutions on the morphology of the mucosa adjacent to the anastomosis performed in left-sided colonic obstruction. After 24 hr of ligature obstruction to the pelvic colon, 108 male Wistar rats underwent colonic resection followed by primary anastomosis and were randomized for lavage with one of four different solutions: saline, povidone-iodine, 10% hypertonic glucose (HG), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). A control group had no lavage. The anastomotic region was studied both macroscopically and with light microscopy after three or six days. At day 3, lavaged animals, especially those with SCFA, had significantly smaller ulcers than controls, and at day 6 only rats lavaged with SCFA and HG were free of large ulcers. At day 3, median (interquartile range) crypt depth was higher in SCFA [360 (286-374) microm] and HG animals [306 (279-315) microm] when compared with controls [243 (225-252) microm; P < 0.05], and SCFA [67 (53-89)] rats showed more cells per crypt than controls [48 (39-52); P < 0.05]. No differences occurred on the sixth day. We conclude that intraoperative lavage with nutrient solutions, particularly with SCFA, has a trophic effect on the colonic mucosa. The suture line gap in the mucosa may be filled more quickly, thus contributing to improve the healing of a colonic anastomosis.

Endotoxin-induced enteric hypomotility in jaundiced loops in vitro.

Biliary obstruction may be accompanied by systemic endotoxemia due to increased growth of enteric microbiota and failure of hepatic clearance mechanisms. This endotoxemia is related to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. An increased growth of the aerobic flora has been demonstrated experimentally in the presence of biliary obstruction, and in previous studies we observed intestinal hypomotility of jaundiced loops in vitro. To determine the ileal motor response in the presence of jaundice caused by biliary obstruction and in the presence of endotoxemia, an in vitro study was carried out on ileal segments from 10 female Holtzman rats, 2-3 months old, weighing 200 to 300 g, divided into two groups (N = 5); A, washed loops of jaundiced rats, and B, washed loops of jaundiced rats to which endotoxin was added. On the seventh postoperative day, we evaluated the effect of exogenous endotoxin (E. coli 0111:B4, Sigma) on the motor response to acetylcholine of distal ileal segments isolated from both animal groups. A 4-cm ileal segment, located 10 cm from the ileal papilla, was removed and studied in an organ chamber in order to assess dose-response curves to acetylcholine. There was an increase in threshold dose in jaundiced loops with intraluminally injected endotoxin when compared with the loops without intraluminal endotoxin (291 +/- 188 vs 8.5 +/- 6.7 microM, P < 0.05). The maximum contraction was reduced in jaundiced loops with intraluminal endotoxin in relation to control loops (5.3 +/- 1.7 vs 18.7 +/- 4.8 mm, P < 0.05), and pD2 was also reduced in jaundiced loops with intraluminal endotoxin in relation to control loops (2.4 +/- 0.6 vs 3.7 +/- 0.5, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between jaundiced loops with and without intraluminal endotoxin when the maximal contraction doses were compared (86 +/- 66 vs 48 +/- 22 mM, P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that intraluminal endotoxin depressed enteric motility in jaundiced rats.

Endotoxin-induced enteric hypomotility in jaundiced loops in vitro

Biliary obstruction may be accompanied by systemic endotoxemia due to increased growth of enteric microbiota and failure of hepatic clearance mechanisms. This endotoxemia is related to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. An increased growth of the aerobic flora has been demonstrated experimentally in the presence of biliary obstruction, and in previous studies we observed intestinal hypomotility of jaundiced loops in vitro. To determine the ileal motor response in the presence of jaundice caused by biliary obstruction and in the presence of endotoxemia, an in vitro study was carried out on ileal segments from 10 female Holtzman rats, 2-3 months old, weighing 200 to 300 g, divided into two groups (N = 5): A, washed loops of jaundiced rats, and B, washed loops of jaundiced rats to which endotoxin was added. On the seventh postoperative day, we evaluated the effect of exogenous endotoxin (E. coli 0111:B4, Sigma) on the motor response to acetylcholine of distal ileal segments isolated from both animal groups. A 4-cm ileal segment, located 10 cm from the ileal papilla, was removed and studied in an organ chamber in order to assess dose-response curves to acetylcholine. There was an increase in threshold dose in jaundiced loops with intraluminally injected endotoxin when compared with the loops without intraluminal endotoxin (291 + 188 vs 8.5 + 6.7 muM, P<0.05). The maximum contraction was reduced in jaundiced loops with intraluminal endotoxin in relation to control loops (5.3 + 1.7 vs 18.7 + 4.8 mm, P<0.05), and pD2 was also reduced in jaundiced loops with intraluminal endotoxin in relation to control loops (2.4 + 0.6 vs 3.7 + 0.5, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between jaundiced loops with and without intraluminal endotoxin when the maximal contraction doses were compared (86 + 66 vs 48 + 22 mM, P>0.05). These results demonstrate that intraluminal endotoxin depressed enteric motility in jaundiced rats.

Influência dos sais biliares na resposta motora de alças isoladas a acetilcolina, em ratos / Influence of bile salts on the motor response of isolated ileum to acetylcholine, in rats

A ausência de sais biliares na luz intestinal de pacientes com obstruçao biliar tem sido relacionada ao aumento da flora intestinal e maior produçao de endotoxinas, podendo provocar endotoxemia sistêmica. Entretanto, esses sais têm pequena açao sobre a flora aeróbia e facultativa, que pode estar aumentada por alteraçoes motoras intestinais. Objetivo. Avaliar a resposta motora intestinal na obstruçao biliar em presença de sais biliares. Métodos. Estudaram-se in vitro segmentos ileais de 30 ratos Hotzman do sexo feminino divididos em três grupos (n=10): alça lavada; uso de bile intraluminar e uso de sais biliares exógenos por via oral, durante seis dias. Em cada grupo, cinco animais foram submetidos somente a laparotomia, enquanto cinco outros ratos foram submetidos a ligadura do ducto biliar comum. No sétimo dia pós-operatório, retirou-se um segmento ileal de aproximadamente quatro centrímetros, distantes dez centrímetros da papila ileocecal, e que foi estudado por meio de curva dose-resposta a acetilcolina em banho para órgaos isolados. Resultados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram aumento significativo da afinidade pela acetilcolina no grupo com bile intraluminar. Conclusao. A bile intraluminar, aparentemente, exerce efeito modular positivo sobre a motilidade ileal in vitro.

[Influence of bile salts on the motor response of isolated ileum to acetylcholine, in rats]. / Influência dos sais biliares na resposta motora de alças isoladas à acetilcolina, em ratos.

UNLABELLED: Absence of bile salts in the intestinal lumen of jaundiced patients is associated to bacterial overgrowth and systemic endotoxemia. These bile salts, however, did not show significant influence on aerobic and facultative intestinal bacteria. The increasing bacterial colonization may be due to depressed intestinal motor response. PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of bile salts on intestinal motor response in presence of obstructive jaundice. METHODS: We studied in vitro the motor response of ileal segments of 30 Holtzman rats divided into three groups (n = 10): washed ileum, intraluminal bile salts and exogenous oral bile salts administred during six days. Five animals of each group were submitted to sham operation and the other five were submitted to ligation and section of the common bile duct. A four centimeter ileal segment was isolated and studied through a dose-response assay with acetylcholine in an organ chamber. RESULTS: The results showed an increased ileal affinity to acetylcholine in presence of intraluminal bile salts. CONCLUSION: The intraluminal bile salts appear to exert in vitro a stimulatory effect on ileal motility.