Obesity status and obesity-associated gut dysbiosis effects on hypothalamic structural covariance.

BACKGROUND: Functional connectivity alterations in the lateral and medial hypothalamic networks have been associated with the development and maintenance of obesity, but the possible impact on the structural properties of these networks remains largely unexplored. Also, obesity-related gut dysbiosis may delineate specific hypothalamic alterations within obese conditions. We aim to assess the effects of obesity, and obesity and gut-dysbiosis on the structural covariance differences in hypothalamic networks, executive functioning, and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Medial (MH) and lateral (LH) hypothalamic structural covariance alterations were identified in 57 subjects with obesity compared to 47 subjects without obesity. Gut dysbiosis in the subjects with obesity was defined by the presence of high (n = 28) and low (n = 29) values in a BMI-associated microbial signature, and posthoc comparisons between these groups were used as a proxy to explore the role of obesity-related gut dysbiosis on the hypothalamic measurements, executive function, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Structural covariance alterations between the MH and the striatum, lateral prefrontal, cingulate, insula, and temporal cortices are congruent with previously functional connectivity disruptions in obesity conditions. MH structural covariance decreases encompassed postcentral parietal cortices in the subjects with obesity and gut-dysbiosis, but increases with subcortical nuclei involved in the coding food-related hedonic information in the subjects with obesity without gut-dysbiosis. Alterations for the structural covariance of the LH in the subjects with obesity and gut-dysbiosis encompassed increases with frontolimbic networks, but decreases with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in the subjects with obesity without gut-dysbiosis. Subjects with obesity and gut dysbiosis showed higher executive dysfunction and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity-related gut dysbiosis is linked to specific structural covariance alterations in hypothalamic networks relevant to the integration of somatic-visceral information, and emotion regulation.

[Epidemic dermatits by Paederus irritans in Piura, Perú at 1999, related to El Niño phenomenon]. / Dermatite epidêmica por Paederus irritans em Piura, Perú, 1999, relacionada ao fenômeno El Niño.

The phenomen El Niño that affected Peru at 1998, made possible the growth of copious vegetation in traditionally dry places. On this way, Paederus irritans, dipterous of the order Coleoptera that produces dermatitis when croushed on the skin, found substract that allowed the natural growth of its population. The coming of occasional rains on the months of February to April 1999, attacked the habitat of this insect, that looked for urban areas, exposing seriously the general population of Piura on north Perú to the contact. During February and May 1,451 cases of dermatitis caused by Paederus irritans, called latigazo because of its linear and eritematous characteristic lesions on the skin, were notified at Piura. The more affected body areas were head (56.6%) and neck (30.9%), but there were also cases of conjunctivitis and genital injuries, because of hands contamination.

Dermatite epidêmica por Paederus irritans em Piura, Perú, 1999, relacionada ao fenômeno El Niño / Epidemic dermatits by Paederus irritans in Piura, Peru at 1999, related to El Niño phenomenon

The phenomen El Niño that affected Peru at 1998, made possible the growth of copious vegetation in traditionally dry places. On this way, Paederus irritans, dipterous of the order Coleoptera that produces dermatitis when croushed on the skin, found substract that allowed the natural growth of its population. The coming of occasional rains on the months of February to April 1999, attacked the habitat of this insect, that looked for urban areas, exposing seriously the general population of Piura on north Perú to the contact. During February and May 1,451 cases of dermatitis caused by Paederus irritans, called latigazo because of its linear and eritematous characteristic lesions on the skin, were notified at Piura. The more affected body areas were head (56.6) and neck (30.9), but there were also cases of conjunctivitis and genital injuries, because of hands contamination.

Realidad del pie diabético del programa de diabetes mellitus del Hospital de Molina año 1999 / Reality of diabetic foot of the diabetes mellitus programme at Hospital de Molina, 1999

Se evaluó mediante cartilla de evaluación del pie diabético al 73 por ciento de la población en control de los pacientes diabéticos del Hospital de Molina, y así poder prevenir las invalidantes consecuencias de esta enfermedad. Los resultados muestran que el daño o alteración del pie es mayor a mayor edad y tiempo de evolución, más aún en varones, con mayor prevalencia en deformidad ósea, y a mayor tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad hay un notable aumento de la neuropatía diabética. El presente trabajo nos orienta para que el equipo de salud dirija los esfuerzos en mejor forma, destinados a la prevención del daño irreversible del pie diabético

Estudio descriptivo del programa de diabetes mellitus del hospital de Molina: año 1997-1998 / Descriptive study of diabetes mellitus programme at Molina hospital: 1997-1998

Con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico de situación del programa Diabetes Mellitus del Hospital de Molina, se efectuó un estudio descriptivo del programa, el cual consideró el total de pacientes en control regular (asistentes) 202 pacientes, que equivale al 82 por ciento del total en control. Se analizaron múltiples variables, obteniendo como resultado una predominancia de sexo femenino, con una distribución por edad en general sobre los 40 años, con grados aceptables de control glicémico (en relación a otras comunidades estudiadas);con una alta incidencia de pacientes obesos o sobrepeso y unn manejo terapéutico de predominio mixto (Dietoterapia más hipoglicemiantes orales). Además, se observó mayor prevalencia de hipertensión en relación a la población general y un grado de pesquisa variable (en general deficiente) de complicaciones secundarias de la enfermedad