RESUMO
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly individuals has been well described in institutionalized settings, but to a lesser extent in the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogens responsible for asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly and middle-aged individuals in Alajue-Ede, South-Western Nigeria, and to identify any associated factors. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from apparently healthy elderly and middle-aged volunteers who were participating in community health screening. Samples were processed and bacterial isolates were identified following standard procedures. In total, 128 volunteers (48 men, 76 women) participated in the study. Twenty-eight (22.6%) urinary pathogens were isolated, comprising Klebsiella species in five (17.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one (3.6%), Escherichia coli in 19 (67.9%), and Proteus species in three (10.7%) cases. Women were identified as being at higher risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria, and the prevalence also increased with increasing age in men. The elderly in this community have a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, and screening for comorbid medical conditions may be of benefit.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in two rural communities of Osun State, Nigeria. METHODS: A consenting adult population of the Alajue and Obokun rural communities in southwestern Nigeria that presented for the screening exercise participated in this community-based cross-sectional descriptive study. Two hundred and fifty-nine respondents aged older than 18 years completed a standardized, pretested, structured questionnaire as part of activities celebrating World Kidney Day and World Glaucoma Day in 2011. Anthropometric data and blood pressure were recorded, and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 49.7 ± 1.6 years, 100 (38.6%) were males, 84 (32.4%) were farmers, and 111 (42.9%) were traders. The prevalence of hypertension was 13.16% (present in 34 respondents). Seventeen (6.6%) had isolated systolic hypertension, while 11 (4.2%) had isolated diastolic hypertension. Two hundred and thirty-six (91.1%) undertook daily exercise lasting at least 30 minutes and 48 (18.5%) had ever taken antihypertensive drugs on a regular basis. Four respondents (1.6%) claimed a family history of hypertension. The average body mass index (BMI) among respondents was 23.4 ± 4.9 kg/m(2), 51 (19.6%) had a BMI of 25.0-29.9, and 30 (11.5%) had a BMI ≥ 30. A significant association existed between age older than 40 years and having hypertension (P < 0.05), while no relationship existed between age and BMI or between gender and hypertension (P > 0.05). Rates of older age and high BMI were significantly higher among hypertensives than among normotensives. Respondents with BMI ≥ 25 had at least a three times greater likelihood of developing hypertension than those with BMI < 25 (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 0.007-0.056, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension is high in this study population and we recommend scaling up primary prevention efforts to reduce this in Nigerian communities.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This is to investigate the implication of fluoroquinolone usage in veterinary practice and the food chain system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five hundred isolates of commensal E coli were recovered from the faeces of apparently healthy cattle in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The susceptibility of the bacteria was tested using standard laboratory procedures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to detect the presence of qnrA and qnrB genes, which were selected on the basis of their fluoroquinolone-resistant patterns. RESULTS: The agar disc diffusion technique revealed that the representative isolates showed multiple fluoroquinolone-resistance and this formed the basis for their selection for PCR amplification. The PCR revealed that ten of the 17 quinolone-resistant representative isolates showed distinct bands which are specific for the qnrB gene; in addition, only one strain of the 20 representative isolates of commensal E coli carried plasmids on which the qnrA gene was detected. CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed that plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance is a possible mechanism among the fluoroquinolone-resistant commensal E coli isolated from faeces of apparently healthy cattle in the study location.
OBJETIVO: El propósito de este trabajo es investigar las implicaciones del uso de las fluoroquinolonas en la práctica veterinaria y el sistema de la cadena alimentaría. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Quinientos aislados de E Coli comensales fueron obtenidos de las heces de ganado ostensiblemente sano en Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Se sometió a prueba la susceptibilidad de las bacterias usando los procedimientos de laboratorio normales. Se llevó a cabo una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) a fin de detectar la presencia de genes qnrA y qnrB, los cuales fueron seleccionados sobre la base de sus patrones de resistencia a la fluoroquinolona. RESULTADOS: La técnica de difusión con disco en agar reveló que los aislados representativos mostraban resistencia múltiple a la fluoroquinolona, lo cual constituyó la base para su selección a fin de amplificar la RCP. La RCP reveló que 10 de cada 17 asilados representativos de la resistencia a la quinolona, mostraban bandas claramente específicas del gen qnrB. Además, sólo una cepa de 20 aislados representativos de las E Coli portaba plásmidos en los que el gen qnrA fue detectado. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio confirmó que la resistencia a la quinolona mediada por plásmidos, es un posible mecanismo entre las E Coli comensales aisladas de la haces del ganado sano en la localidad del estudio.
