Impact of public health and higher education policies on the profile of final-year Brazilian dental students: Challenges and future developments.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil has experienced transformations in higher education and health services, including launching more inclusive public policies focused on these two areas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of final-year dental students from a Brazilian public university from 2010 to 2019, accompanied by changes in public health and higher education policies. METHODS: A prospective observacional study was carried out with final-year dental students. A self-applicable semi-structured questionnaire was applied. RESULT: Six-hundred and seventy-seven students participated, of which 71.5% were women, 72.9% aged between 21 and 25 years, 96.2% single, and 96.4% were without children. Over ten years, it was possible to identify trends in the profile explained by implementing public policies toward more inclusive access to Brazilian higher education by socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Students who completed the course between 2018 and 2019 did not have the state capital city (the wealthiest area) as their origin city and had lower parental education and income levels than dental students graduating between 2010 and 2011. Moreover, working as a primary care dentist in the Brazilian National Health System was considered a professional possibility by 61.4% of the students, and has gained prominence significantly over time, ranging from 21.1% in 2010 to 72.9% in 2019 (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Over the study period, concomitantly to advances in public health and higher education policies in Brazil, more diverse access to public dental education was observed, allowing students from low socioeconomic positions to take the education. Changes have also impacted the students' perspectives regarding the need for postgraduate training and a career in public health dentistry. However, these trends need to be consolidated, and public policies continued and strengthened.

Aprendizado interprofissional na graduação em Odontologia no contexto pandêmico de ensino remoto / Aprendizaje interprofesional en la graduación en Odontología en el contexto pandémico de enseñanza remota / Interprofessional learning in an undergraduate Dentistry course in the pandemic context of remote teaching

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a percepção dos estudantes de Odontologia sobre motivações e significados do aprendizado interprofissional no período pandêmico de ensino remoto, em universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da fenomenologia da percepção. Foram realizadas entrevistas e análise documental dos portfólios dos estudantes que vivenciaram a atividade de ensino com foco na educação interprofissional (EIP) remota, no período pandêmico. A experiência foi marcada por interações mediadas pelo uso de plataformas digitais entre estudantes, professores e profissionais, oportunizando o desenvolvimento de competências colaborativas. Desigualdades no acesso à internet/equipamentos adequados ao ensino remoto, situações pessoais familiares relacionadas ao viver uma pandemia e dificuldade de criação de vínculos foram barreiras relatadas. EIP vivenciada em cenários de prática do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foi percebida pelos estudantes como essencial à formação dos profissionais da saúde.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la percepción de los estudiantes de Odontología sobre motivaciones y significados del aprendizaje interprofesional en el período pandémico de la enseñanza remota en una universidad pública del Sur de Brasil. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que utilizó la perspectiva teórico-metodológica de la fenomenología de la percepción. Se realizaron entrevistas y análisis documental de los portafolios de los estudiantes que experimentaron la actividad de enseñanza con enfoque en la educación interprofesional (EIP) remota, en el período pandémico. La experiencia estuvo marcada por interacciones mediadas por el uso de plataformas digitales entre estudiantes-profesores-profesionales y abrió oportunidad para el desarrollo de competencias colaborativas. Las barreras relatadas fueron las desigualdades en el acceso a internet/equipos adecuados a la enseñanza remota, situaciones personales-familiares relacionadas a vivir una pandemia y la dificultad de creación de vínculos. La EIP vivida en escenarios de práctica del Sistema Único de Salud fue percibida por los estudiantes como esencial para la formación de los profesionales de la salud.(AU)

This article aims to understand undergraduate dental students' perception of the motivations and meanings of interprofessional learning in the pandemic period of remote teaching at a public university in the South of Brazil. This qualitative research used the theoretical-methodological perspective of phenomenology of perception. The researchers conducted interviews and a documentary analysis of the portfolios of students who attended a teaching activity with a focus on remote interprofessional education (IPE) in the pandemic period. The experience was marked by interactions between students-teachers-professionals mediated by the use of digital platforms, and provided opportunities of development of collaborative skills. Inequalities in access to internet services and to devices suitable for remote teaching, personal-familial situations related to experiencing a pandemic, and difficulties in creating bonds were the reported barriers. IPE in settings of the Brazilian National Health System was perceived by students as essential for the training of health professionals.(AU)

Interprofessional education in the Dentistry curriculum: Analysis of a teaching-service-community integration experience.

INTRODUCTION: Interprofessional education (IPE) offers relevant theoretical, conceptual and methodological approaches to the development of effective teamwork competencies. OBJECTIVE: To analyse an interprofessional experience of teaching-service-community integration carried out at a public university in the South of Brazil. METHODS: A case study with a qualitative approach was carried out. The study's participants were thirty-eight undergraduate dental students who attended the IPE activity between 2012 and 2019. Data collection was developed in two sequential steps that included the application of an online instrument and semi-structured interviews. The textual material was interpreted by content analysis, considering Kirkpatrick's evaluation levels (reaction, learning and behaviour). RESULTS: In the reaction level, students highlighted the contents provided by the National Curricular Guidelines regarding public health system and teamwork, as well as the pedagogical teaching proposal by tutoring groups, which stimulated students' autonomy. It was observed that the learning was geared towards the development of collaborative teamwork competencies and cultural competencies. In the behaviour level, students perceived positive changes in their attitudes and behaviours towards patients, focused on needs related to life conditions, realising that dentists may work within a team. The elective/optional nature of the experience allied with the absence of other IPE activities in the curricular grid showed to be challenging. CONCLUSION: IPE in undergraduate education presented positive results related to the reaction, learning and behaviour of dental students. We recommend the inclusion of interprofessional activities of teaching-service-community integration in Dentistry curricular structure to complement uniprofessional education.

Ensino da graduação em cenários da atenção primária: espaço para aprendizagem interprofissional / Undergraduate teaching in primary health care settings: a space for interprofessional teaching / Enseñanza de pregrado en escenarios de la atención primaria: espacio para el aprendizaje interprofesional

Resumo Neste estudo, investigou-se como o ensino da graduação em cenário de prática da Atenção Primária à Saúde pode constituir espaço de aprendizagem interprofissional, por meio da análise do significado de sua experiência na formação de futuros profissionais de saúde. Pesquisa desenvolvida em universidade pública do sul do Brasil, com dados qualitativos coletados por instrumento autoaplicado online com estudantes e egressos (n=186) de 15 profissões da saúde que participaram de uma experiência de educação interprofissional. Resultados mostraram que práticas de ensino compartilhadas com estudantes, professores, profissionais da saúde de diversas áreas e com usuários, promoveram momentos de escuta e de compartilhamento de experiências, percepções e diferentes saberes. A educação tutorial em pequenos grupos no cenário da Atenção Primária potencializou a experiência de educação interprofissional. Aprendizagens relacionadas ao reconhecimento e valorização dos papéis de cada profissão na equipe e ao desenvolvimento de habilidades de comunicação foram destacadas. O curto espaço de tempo da experiência foi um desafio reconhecido pelos participantes para promover a integração. Interações entre estudantes de diferentes profissões em atividades práticas de ensino na Atenção Primária promoveram aprendizagens compartilhadas na graduação, passíveis de apoiar habilidades de colaboração no trabalho em equipe e de atenção integral à saúde.

Abstract In this study we investigate how undergraduate teaching in a setting of Primary Health Care practice may constitute a space for learning interprofessional, through the analysis of its meaning in the training of future health professionals. The research was developed in a public university in Southern Brazil, with qualitative data collected through a self-applied online instrument with students and graduates (n = 186) of 15 health professions. The results show that teaching practices shared with students, teachers, health professionals from different fields, as well as with users, promote moments of listening and sharing of experiences, perceptions and different kinds of knowledge. The tutorial education in small groups strengthened the interprofessional education experience. The learning related to the acknowledgement and appreciation of the roles of each profession in the team, as well as to the development of communication skills, stood out. The short duration of the experience was a challenged acknowledged by the participants to promote integration. The interactions among students of different professions in practical teaching activities in primary health care promoted learning shared in the undergraduate courses, which can support the skills of collaboration in teamwork and comprehensive health care.

Resúmen En este estudio, investigamos como la enseñanza de pregrado en un escenario de práctica de la Atención Primaria de Salud puede constituir un espacio de aprendizaje interprofesional, por medio del análisis de su significado en la formación de futuros profesionales de salud. Se desarrolló la investigación en una universidad pública del Sur de Brasil, con datos cualitativos colectados por instrumento autoaplicado online con estudiantes y egresos (n = 186) de 15 profesiones de la salud. Los resultados mostraron que las prácticas de enseñanza compartidas con estudiantes, profesores, profesionales de salud de diversas áreas, y con usuarios, han promovido momentos de escucha y de compartir experiencias, percepciones y diferentes saberes. La educación tutorial en grupos pequeños potencializó la experiencia de educación interprofesional. Se han destacado aprendizajes relacionadas al reconocimiento y valoración de los papeles de cada profesión en el equipo y al desarrollo de habilidades de comunicación. El corto espacio de tiempo de la experiencia fue un desafío reconocido por los participantes para promover la integración. Interacciones entre estudiantes de distintas profesiones en actividades prácticas de enseñanza en la atención primaria han promovido aprendizajes compartidas en el pregrado, que pueden apoyar habilidades de colaboración en el trabajo en equipo y de atención integral a la salud.

Educação Interprofissional em Saúde: análise bibliométrica da produção científica nacional / Interprofessional Health Education: bibliometric analysis of national scientific production

Educação interprofissional (EIP) é uma abordagem pedagógica importante nos currículos da saúde por buscar preparar os estudantes para o cuidado em um ambiente de equipe colaborativa. Este artigo propôs-se a realizar uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica em relação à EIP em saúde no Brasil, de 2012 a 2017. A pesquisa foi realizada na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Como descritor controlado foi utilizado o termo 'Relações interprofissionais/ Interprofessional Relations' e como descritores não controlados 'Educação Interprofissional/ Interprofessional Education', 'Aprendizado Colaborativo/ Collaborative Learning' e 'Trabalho em Equipe/ Teamwork'. Na busca, esses descritores foram combinados e acrescidos do operador boleano 'AND'. Foram analisadas 46 publicações (37 artigos, 6 dissertações, 3 teses). Os primeiros autores eram brasileiros, vinculados a Instituições de Ensino Superior público (78,2%). Periódicos da Enfermagem, Saúde Pública e Educação, Qualis B, se destacaram entre os artigos analisados. Os estudos mais frequentes foram os de abordagem qualitativa (61%), realizados na região Sudeste (58,7%), cujos participantes foram profissionais da saúde (23,9%) e estudantes de graduação, atualização, especialização e residência (19,5%). A 'associação de técnicas' (24%), seguida pela entrevista semiestruturada (21,7%) foram as técnicas de coleta de dados mais observadas. Análise de conteúdo foi citada em 41,3% das publicações como a forma de análise dos dados. Esses estudos tratavam de experiências de EIP voltadas ao ensino na saúde (45,6%), EIP nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (23,9%), e EIP nos espaços de ambulatório e hospital (15,1%). Seis publicações apresentaram fonte de financiamento. Pesquisas sobre EIP são incipientes no país, devendo ser ampliadas e qualificadas (AU).

Interprofessional education is an important pedagogical approach in health curricula. It aims at preparing students for care in a collaborative team environment. This paper is intended to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production in interprofessional health education in Brazil from 2012 to 2017. The research was conducted based on Virtual Health Library (BVS) data. The term relações interprofissionais (interprofessional relations) was used as controlled descriptor, and the terms educação interprofissional (interprofessional education), aprendizado colaborativo (collaborative learning), and trabalho em equipe (teamwork) were used as non-controlled descriptors. In the search, these descriptors were combined with the Boolean operator AND. A total of 46 publications (37 papers, 6 theses, 3 dissertations) were analyzed. The first authors were Brazilian and associated with public higher education institutions (78.2%). Nursing, Public Health, and Education periodicals (Qualis B) were highlighted among the analyzed papers. The most frequent studies were of qualitative approach (61%), conducted in the Southeastern region (58.7%), with participants who were health professionals (23.9%) and undergraduate, refresher, specialization, and residency students (19.5%). "Association of techniques" (24%) and semistructured interviews (21.7%) were the most observed data collection techniques. Content analysis was mentioned in 41.3% of publications as a data analysis type. These studies were about interprofessional education focused on health education (45.6%), interprofessional education in primary care services (23.9%) and in outpatient clinics and hospitals (15.1%). Six publications were funded. Interprofessional education research is incipient in Brazil and should be expanded and qualified (AU).