COVID-19 and Activities of Daily Living Among Primary Health Care Workers in Ekiti State, South-West Nigeria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Globally, COVID-19 has greatly impacted humans physically, socially, mentally, and economically. No doubt, healthcare workers seemed to bear the greatest impact. The study therefore assessed the impact of COVID- 19 on the primary healthcare workers' daily activities in Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study using a quantitative data collection method among 716 primary healthcare workers. Respondents were selected using an online convenience sampling method via their social media platforms. Data was collected, collated, and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and presented as frequency tables, mean and standard deviation. Bivariate/multivariate analyses were conducted using t-tests and ANOVA statistics. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 44.4+6.4SD with less than half (47.1%) between 41-50 years age group. The majority of the respondents (89.4%) were female and almost all (96.2%) were married. Ninety percent (90%) had ever heard of Coronavirus and (85.8%) had to spend more money on activities of daily living such as transportation (90.1%), groceries (80.6%), assisting relations (95.8%) and sanitary measures (disinfection) at home (95.0%). COVID-19 had a huge negative impact on the majority (89.7%) of healthcare workers with a mean score of 22+4.8. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 negatively impacted the daily living and professional duties of primary healthcare workers which reflected in their psychological, physical, social and economic well-being. Disease outbreaks are unlikely to disappear soon, hence, global proactive interventions and homegrown measures should be adopted to protect healthcare workers and save their lives.

CONTEXTES ET OBJECTIFS: Globalement, la COVID-19 a grandement impacté les êtres humains physiquement, socialement, mentalement et économiquement. Sans aucun doute, les travailleurs de la santé semblent être les plus touchés. L'étude a donc évalué l'impact de la COVID-19 sur les activités quotidiennes des travailleurs des soins de santé primaires à Ekiti, au Sud-Ouest du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: L'étude était une étude transversale utilisant une méthode de collecte de données quantitative auprès de 716 travailleurs des soins de santé primaires. Les répondants ont été sélectionnés en utilisant une méthode d'échantillonnage de convenance en ligne via leurs plateformes de médias sociaux. Les données ont été collectées, compilées et analysées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS version 25 et présentées sous forme de tableaux de fréquence, de moyenne et d'écart-type. Des analyses bivariées/multivariées ont été réalisées à l'aide de tests t et d'ANOVA. Le niveau de signification statistique a été fixé à p<0,05. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des répondants était de 44,4+6,4 SD avec moins de la moitié (47,1 %) dans le groupe d'âge de 41 à 50 ans. La majorité des répondants (89,4 %) étaient des femmes et presque tous (96,2 %) étaient mariés. Quatre-vingt-dix pour cent (90 %) avaient déjà entendu parler du Coronavirus et (85,8 %) avaient dû dépenser plus d'argent pour les activités de la vie quotidienne telles que le transport (90,1 %), les courses (80,6 %), l'aide aux relations (95,8 %) et les mesures sanitaires (désinfection) à domicile (95,0 %). La COVID-19 a eu un impact négatif important sur la majorité (89,7 %) des travailleurs de la santé avec un score moyen de 22+4,8. CONCLUSION: La COVID-19 a eu un impact négatif sur la vie quotidienne et les devoirs professionnels des travailleurs des soins de santé primaires, ce qui s'est reflété dans leur bien-être psychologique, physique, social et économique. Les épidémies de maladies ne disparaîtront probablement pas de sitôt, c'est pourquoi des interventions proactives mondiales et des mesures locales doivent être adoptées pour protéger les travailleurs de la santé et sauver leurs vies. MOTS-CLÉS: COVID-19, Main-d'œuvre de la santé, Soins de Santé Primaires, Systèmes de Santé, Dépression.

Medication Adherence, Barriers to Adherence and Treatment Satisfaction with Antiretroviral Therapy Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease has been quite effective in ensuring that infected people can enjoy healthy, long, and productive lives. Medication adherence is an essential part of patient care, especially among patients with HIV, as it greatly determines the effectiveness of treatment. Few studies have explored factors influencing medication adherence and treatment satisfaction among adults, with little focus on adolescents. Objectives: To assess medication adherence, treatment satisfaction and factors influencing adherence to ART medication among adolescents living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among diagnosed and registered adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV and receiving treatment at eight selected antiretroviral centres in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 203 adolescents were recruited in stages, and data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Results: There was a low level of adherence as only 59/203 (29.1%) of the respondents adhered to ART. Depression, perceived stigma, being away from home, side effects of drugs, pill burden, and forgetfulness were some factors identified as barriers to adherence. The respondents were most satisfied with the effectiveness of the medication and least satisfied with the side effects. Conclusions: Medication adherence among adolescents was relatively low; the level of satisfaction with ART medication is an entity that significantly impacts adherence

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF INFERTILITY AMONG ADULT MALES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.

Background: Infertility is a public health problem with significant social and psychological distress of the affected men due to the inability to achieve the desired social role of fatherhood. Men with infertility may experience lower life satisfaction, heightened distress and anxiety. This study assessed the knowledge, perception and factors influencing knowledge and perception of infertility among adult males in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 388 adult males between April and November 2019 in the selected communities. Respondents were interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data was analysed with SPSS version 22. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Level of significance was set at p≤5%. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 45.74±10.76 years. Majority were married 310(80%) and had tertiary education 234(60%). Less than half (48.7%) understood the correct meaning of infertility, 170(44%) agreed that witchcraft could cause infertility while 230(59%) disagreed that infertility could be prevented. Two hundred and sixty (67%) and 283 (73%) of the respondents had good knowledge and perception towards infertility respectively. Religion, education and income were statistically significant with knowledge of infertility (p<0.05). In addition, knowledge and perception of infertility showed statistically significant association (p<0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of respondents towards infertility was suboptimal in this study. Some cultural beliefs persist despite the high level of education of respondents. Community-based education on infertility to increase the knowledge and perception of men towards infertility is recommended.

Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression among postnatal women in Lagos, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Globally, postpartum depression is one of the most common but often unrecognized complications of childbirth, yearly affecting about 10-15% of postnatal women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its predictors among postnatal women in Lagos. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 mothers in Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, attending six Primary Health Care centers for infant immunization at six weeks post-delivery. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23TM. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations and predictive relationships between various factors and the presence of postpartum depression. The level of significance was set at <0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 35.6%. Multiparity, delivery by cesarean section, mother being unwell after delivery, and not exclusively breastfeeding the baby were the factors linked with postpartum depression. Following multiple logistic regression, having postpartum blues (p=0.000; OR=32.77; 95%CI=7.23-148.58)., not getting help with caring for the baby (p=0.008; OR=2.64; 95%CI=1.29-5.42), experiencing intimate partner violence (p=0.000; OR=5.2; 95%CI=2.23-11.91) and having an unsupportive partner (p=0.018; OR=2.6; 95%CI=1.17-5.78) were identified as predictors of postpartum depression. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of postpartum depression, identifying both the obstetric and psychosocial predictors. Social support for women both in the pre- and postnatal periods and routine screening of women for postpartum depression should be encouraged for early detection and immediate intervention.

Community perception of quality of health care received and client satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Quality of health care and client satisfaction are key elements in improving the performance of health systems. A community-based assessment was conducted to determine the level of client satisfaction and the perception of the quality of services received by citizens of Lagos State.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative methods, was conducted in four local government areas of Lagos State. Respondents were selected by multi-stage sampling technique. The survey instruments included an interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire and a 10-itemed focus group discussion guide.Results: Two thousand respondents with a mean age of 37.6±10.21 years were recruited. Almost all respondents (98%) rated the health facilities to be clean, 96% felt they received effective treatment from their providers. Six out of ten respondents rated the waiting time to be short and 60% felt that most drugs were available. Eight-five percent opined that the quality of care received was good and 95% were satisfied with the services received. There was a significant correlation between quality of care and client satisfaction (ρ=0.145, p=0.001). Short waiting time was predictive of client satisfaction (OR=13.9, 95%CI, 5.68-33.33, p<0.001) and confidence in health care providers was predictive of both client satisfaction (OR=3.489, 95%CI, 1.554-7.835, p<0.001) and perception of good service quality (OR=2.234, 95%CI, 1.509-3.308, p<0.001)

Community perception of quality of health care received and client satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Quality of health care and client satisfaction are key elements in improving the performance of health systems. A community-based assessment was conducted to determine the level of client satisfaction and the perception of the quality of services received by citizens of Lagos State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative methods, was conducted in four local government areas of Lagos State. Respondents were selected by multi-stage sampling technique. The survey instruments included an interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire and a 10-itemed focus group discussion guide. Results: Two thousand respondents with a mean age of 37.6±10.21 years were recruited. Almost all respondents (98%) rated the health facilities to be clean, 96% felt they received effective treatment from their providers. Six out of ten respondents rated the waiting time to be short and 60% felt that most drugs were available. Eight-five percent opined that the quality of care received was good and 95% were satisfied with the services received. There was a significant correlation between quality of care and client satisfaction (ρ=0.145, p=0.001). Short waiting time was predictive of client satisfaction (OR=13.9, 95%CI, 5.68-33.33, p<0.001) and confidence in health care providers was predictive of both client satisfaction (OR=3.489, 95%CI, 1.554-7.835, p<0.001) and perception of good service quality (OR=2.234, 95%CI, 1.509-3.308, p<0.001)