Co-producing research on psychosis: a scoping review on barriers, facilitators and outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Co-production is a collaborative approach to service user involvement in which users and researchers share power and responsibility in the research process. Although previous reviews have investigated co-production in mental health research, these do not typically focus on psychosis or severe mental health conditions. Meanwhile, people with psychosis may be under-represented in co-production efforts. This scoping review aims to explore the peer-reviewed literature to better understand the processes and terminology employed, as well as the barriers, facilitators, and outcomes of co-production in psychosis research. METHODS: Three databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO) using terms and headings related to psychosis and co-production. All titles, abstracts and full texts were independently double-screened. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Original research articles reporting on processes and methods of co-production involving adults with psychosis as well as barriers, facilitators, and/or outcomes of co-production were included. Data was extracted using a standardised template and synthesised narratively. Joanna Briggs Institute and the AGREE Reporting Checklist were used for quality assessment. RESULTS: The search returned 1243 references. Fifteen studies were included: five qualitative, two cross-sectional, and eight descriptive studies. Most studies took place in the UK, and all reported user involvement in the research process; however, the amount and methods of involvement varied greatly. Although all studies were required to satisfy INVOLVE (2018) principles of co-production to be included, seven were missing several of the key features of co-production and often used different terms to describe their collaborative approaches. Commonly reported outcomes included improvements in mutual engagement as well as depth of understanding and exploration. Key barriers were power differentials between researchers and service users and stigma. Key facilitators were stakeholder buy-in and effective communication. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology, terminology and quality of the studies varied considerably; meanwhile, over-representation of UK studies suggests there may be even more heterogeneity in the global literature not captured by our review. This study makes recommendations for encouraging co-production and improving the reporting of co-produced research, while also identifying several limitations that could be improved upon for a more comprehensive review of the literature.

A Triple Jeopardy: Inadequate Knowledge about COVID-19 among Older Persons with Psychiatric Diagnosis attending a Geriatric Centre in Southwest Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Older persons with mental illnesses have been affected by COVID-19 because of reduced access to routine health care, the adverse social impacts of preventive strategies and inadequate knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adequate knowledge is crucial to ensuring adherence to the right preventive practices. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the knowledge gaps about COVID-19 and preventive practices among older persons with psychiatric diagnoses (PD) in comparison with older persons with non-psychiatric diagnosis (nPD). METHODS: A hospital-based comparative study was conducted among older persons attending the sycho-geriatric and Healthy Ageing clinics of the Geriatric Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were gathered with a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and SPSS version 23 was used to analyse the data. Level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: 390 respondents aged 60 and above were sampled in the two groups: 195 with PD and 195 with nPD. Their mean age was PD:72.2 (±7.4) years and nPD:71.0 (±8.0) years. Majority were aware of the ongoing pandemic (PD:95.9%; nPD:96.4%). The use of facemask (PD:89.7%; nPD:86.7%) was the commonest preventive practice. Male gender (OR: 2.09, CI ;1.14-3.86, p = 0.018) and education (OR: 5.10, CI; 1.15-22.67, p=0.032) were predictors of knowledge among PD and nPD respectively. CONCLUSION: Older persons with psychiatric diagnoses have more gaps in their knowledge of COVID-19. Inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 could further put them in jeopardy of contracting the virus with its associated morbidity and mortality, in addition to the risk that old age and mental illness contribute. Health education programs about COVID-19 targeting the older population with mental illnesses would be beneficial.

CONTEXTE: Les personnes âgées atteintes de maladies mentales ont été différemment touchées par la COVID-19 en raison d'un accès réduit aux soins de santé de routine, les impacts sociaux négatifs des stratégies de prévention et la connaissance insuffisante de la pandémie de COVID-19. Des connaissances adéquates sont essentielles pour garantir le respect des bonnes pratiques de prévention, en particulier chez les personnes âgées. OBJECTIFS: Cette étude évalue les lacunes dans les connaissances sur le COVID19 et les pratiques réventives chez les personnes âgées ayant des diagnostics psychiatriques par rapport à ceux avec un diagnostic non psychiatrique. METHODES: Une étude comparative en milieu hospitalier a été menée auprès de personnes âgées fréquentant les cliniques de psychogériatrie et de vieillissement en santé du Centre gériatrique, Hôpital du Collège Universitaire, Ibadan, Nigéria. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire semi-structuré administré par un intervieweur, et SPSS version 23 a été utilisé pour analyser les données. Le seuil de signification a été fixé à 5%. RESULTATS: 390 répondants âgés de 60 ans et plus ont été échantillonnés dans les deux groupes: 195 avec undiagnostic psychiatrique (PD) et 195 avec undiagnostic non psychiatrique (nPD). Leur âge moyen était PD : 72.2 (± 7.4) ans et nPD: 71.0 (±8.0) ans. La majorité était au courant de la pandémie en cours (PD:95.9 %; nPD: 96.4 %). L'utilisation du masque facial (PD:89.7 %; nPD:86.7 %) était la pratique préventive la plus courante. Le sexe masculin (OR:2.09, IC;1.14-3.86, p=0.018) et l'éducation (OR :5.10, IC ;1.15-22.67, p=0.032) étaient des prédicteurs des connaissances chez les PD et les nPD respectivement. CONCLUSION: Les personnes âgées avec des diagnostics psychiatriques ont plus de lacunes dans leurs connaissances sur le COVID-19. Une connaissance insuffisante du COVID-19 pouurait les mettre davantage en danger de contracter le virus et c'est la morbidité et la mortalité associées, en plus du risque que la vieillesse et la maladie mentale contribuent. Des programmes d'éducation sanitaire sur le COVID-19 ciblant la population âgée souffrant de maladies mentales seraient bénéfiques.

Serological survey for emerging canine H3N8 and H3N2 influenza viruses in pet and village dogs in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, keeping of dogs as pets and guards is gaining popularity. To determine whether infection of dogs with novel canine influenza virus (CIV) of equine (H3N8) and avian (H3N2) origins had occurred in Nigeria, we screened pet and village dogs from Lagos, Ibadan, Odeda and Sagamu in southwestern Nigeria for antibodies to CIV H3N8 and H3N2. METHODS: Sera from 96 pet dogs presented at veterinary clinics in Lagos and Ibadan, and 89 village dogs from hunting communities in Odeda and Sagamu were tested for antibodies to CIV H3N8 and H3N2 using the hemagglutination inhibition test. RESULTS: Anti-CIV H3N8 antibodies were detected in 51 (53.1%) and 24 (27.0%) pet and village dogs, respectively. Overall, 40.5% (75/185) of the sera were positive for CIV H3N8 antibodies while none contained anti-CIV H3N2 antibodies. CONCLUSION: The presence of CIV H3N8 antibodies in pet and village dogs in this study suggests that they had natural exposure to the virus since dogs are not currently vaccinated against canine influenza in Nigeria. It is possible that the pet dogs acquired infection through contact with imported dogs in veterinary clinics, breeding kennels and dog shows while the village dogs could have been exposed through consumption of offal of infected animals killed during hunting. Considering the potential public health risk of this disease arising from the close relationship between pet and hunting dogs and their owners in Nigeria, systematic epidemiological surveillance of the Nigerian dog population for CIV H3N8, H3N2 and other influenza A virus subtypes is advocated.