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1.
J Psychiatr Res ; 148: 110-120, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35123322

RESUMO

Advances in genetic research on microbiome have led to several trials on the effectiveness of synbiotics or probiotics in patients with depression; however, none have evaluated the efficacy of prebiotics. 4G-beta-D-Galactosylsucrose (Lactosucrose, LS) is selectively assimilated by Bifidobacterium as a prebiotic and improves microbiome diversity. However, as it is not clear if LS consumption can improve symptoms of depression, we investigated whether LS intake can improve depressive symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and self-efficacy by conducting a single cite, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial in 20 outpatients with depressive episodes (F32, ICD-10) for 24 weeks. Participants (age range, 36-72 years) were randomized to the LS (n = 9) or placebo groups (n = 11). Primary outcome was improvement in total Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, and the secondary outcomes were MADRS subscores, global self-efficacy scale (GSES) score, World Health Organization QOL (WHO/QOL-26) score, and 16S rRNA analysis of the fecal microbiome. LS consumption did not significantly improve total MADRS scores (-2 (-16 to 16) vs 0 (-6 to 10), p = 0.552), but GSES tended to improve in the LS group (2.00 ± 4.24 vs -1.36 ± 4.15, p = 0.091) with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.802). Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed individual-level differences in microbiome diversity changes due to the intervention. Thus, we show that LS intake can improve self-efficacy, but not depressive symptoms, even in a small sample. Additional studies that also regulate diet and ensure adherence may help determine a correlation between depression and the gut microbiome.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Adulto , Idoso , Depressão , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Resultado do Tratamento , Trissacarídeos
2.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil ; 103(5): 929-936, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34896082

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in activities of daily living (ADLs) and the conditions of rehabilitation for acute COVID-19 patients in Japan. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational survey. SETTING: Four tertiary hospitals with intensive care units and one secondary hospital in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: COVID-19 patients (N=478) admitted to 5 hospitals INTERVENTIONS: : Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking ability and swallowing status were assessed using the FIM locomotion item and Food Intake Scale at admission and discharge. The physiatrists of each hospital were also surveyed regarding the factors that influenced decisions to provide rehabilitation. RESULTS: Excluding patients who died, the proportion of critical patients who could walk independently at discharge was 63%, and the proportion of those who were able to take 3 meals orally at discharge was 90%. Rehabilitation was provided to 13.4% of all patients and to 58.3% of patients with critical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: After COVID-19 treatment, patients, especially those with critical symptoms, still have functional disabilities related to walking and swallowing. It is possible that sufficient rehabilitation could not be provided during the period studied.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Humanos , Japão , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol ; 305(3): C323-33, 2013 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23703530

RESUMO

Ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is known to enhance athletic performance, probably via increased extracellular buffering capacity. At present, little is known about the direct effects of NaHCO3 on myogenesis, especially in vitro. Here, we examined the effects of NaHCO3 and the combined effects of NaHCO3 and continuous mild heat stress (CMHS) at 39°C on the differentiation of human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs). Levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) type I mRNA increased with increasing NaHCO3 concentrations; in contrast, those of MyHC IIx decreased. The NaHCO3-induced fast-to-slow shift was additively enhanced by CMHS. Likewise, intracellular calcium levels and expression of three factors, nuclear factor of activated T cells c2 (NFATc2), NFATc4, and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, were upregulated with increasing NaHCO3 concentrations; moreover, these effects of NaHCO3 were additively enhanced by CMHS. Overexpression experiments and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown experiments confirmed that NFATc2 and NFATc4 were involved in MyHC I regulation. The present study provided evidence that NaHCO3 and CMHS distinctly and additively induced a fast-to-slow fiber type shift through changes in intracellular calcium levels and the modulation of calcium signaling.


Assuntos
Mioblastos/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/genética , Bicarbonato de Sódio/farmacologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/biossíntese , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/biossíntese , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Ativação Transcricional , Regulação para Cima , Adulto Jovem
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