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1.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 65(1): e135-e144, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28805020

RESUMO

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle can result in growth retardation, reduced milk production, reproductive disorders and death. Persistently infected animals are the primary source of infection. In Hokkaido, Japan, all cattle entering shared pastures in summer are vaccinated before movement for disease control. Additionally, these cattle may be tested for BVDV and culled if positive. However, the effectiveness of this control strategy aiming to reduce the number of BVDV-infected animals has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various test-and-cull and/or vaccination strategies on BVDV control in dairy farms in two districts of Hokkaido, Nemuro and Hiyama. A stochastic model was developed to compare the different control strategies over a 10-year period. The model was individual-based and simulated disease dynamics both within and between herds. Parameters included in the model were obtained from the literature, the Hokkaido government and the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Nine different scenarios were compared as follows: no control, test-and-cull strategies based on antigen testing of either calves or only cattle entering common pastures, vaccination of all adult cattle or only cattle entering shared pastures and combinations thereof. The results indicate that current strategies for BVDV control in Hokkaido slightly reduced the number of BVDV-infected animals; however, alternative strategies such as testing all calves and culling any positives or vaccinating all susceptible adult animals dramatically reduced those. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the comparison of the effectiveness between the current strategies in Hokkaido and the alternative strategies for BVDV control measures.


Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Modelos Teóricos , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/transmissão , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Bovinos , Indústria de Laticínios , Diarreia/veterinária , Diarreia/virologia , Feminino , Japão/epidemiologia , Gravidez
2.
Br J Dermatol ; 175(5): 979-987, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27155194

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist therapy is currently used for moderate and severe psoriasis. However, this treatment has several drawbacks, including interindividual variability in clinical response and secondary loss of effectiveness. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate quantitatively the TNF-α-neutralizing activity of the plasma of patients with psoriasis during TNF-α antagonist therapy and to determine poor responders objectively. METHODS: We used a human interleukin-8 reporter monocyte cell line, THP-G8, that harbours a stable luciferase orange (SLO) gene under the control of the interleukin-8 promoter. After confirming its dose-dependent response to exogenous TNF-α, we examined the suppressive activity of TNF-α antagonists and of the patients' plasma during TNF-α antagonist therapy on TNF-α-induced SLO luciferase activity (TNF-SLO-LA). RESULTS: Pretreatment of TNF-α with TNF-α antagonists or with the plasma of patients with psoriasis who achieved 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) dose dependently suppressed TNF-SLO-LA. There was a significant correlation between change in PASI and percentage suppression (inhibitory rate of a 1 : 2 dilution of patient plasma on TNF-SLO-LA). A percentage suppression of 50·3% has a positive predictive value of 87% of achieving PASI 75, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic monitoring of patients with psoriasis during TNF-α antagonist therapy using THP-G8 can provide a useful tool to determine objectively the efficacy of the administered TNF-α antagonists.


Assuntos
Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Adalimumab/imunologia , Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Infliximab/imunologia , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Euro Surveill ; 17(42)2012 Oct 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23098822

RESUMO

Non-specific symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections make it difficult for many countries without ongoing transmission of a novel coronavirus to rule out other possibilities including influenza before isolating imported febrile individuals with a possible exposure history. The incubation period helps differential diagnosis, and up to two days is suggestive of influenza. It is worth including the incubation period in the case definition of novel coronavirus infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Período de Incubação de Doenças Infecciosas , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/diagnóstico , Teorema de Bayes , Pré-Escolar , Coronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hong Kong , Hospitalização , Humanos , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Isolamento de Pacientes , Arábia Saudita/etnologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/virologia , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Cancer Gene Ther ; 19(9): 637-43, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22790963

RESUMO

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) has strong antitumor effects, and IFN-α gene therapy has been used clinically against some cancers. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the combination of IFN-α-transduced tumor cell vaccines and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade, and investigated the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of the combined therapy. A poorly immunogenic murine colorectal cancer cell line, MC38, was transduced to overexpress IFN-α. In a therapeutic model, parental tumor-bearing mice were inoculated with MC38-IFNα cells and an anti-PD-1 antagonistic antibody. Analyses of immunohistochemistry and tumor-specific lysis were performed. The outgrowth of the established tumors was significantly reduced in mice treated with the combination of IFN-α and anti-PD-1. Immunohistochemical analyses of the therapeutic model showed marked infiltration of CD4(+) cells and CD8(+) cells in the established MC38 tumors of mice treated with both IFN-α and anti-PD-1. Significant tumor-specific cytolysis was detected when splenocytes of mice that were treated with both IFN-α and anti-PD-1 were used as effector cells. These results suggest that blockade of the PD-1 PD-ligand enhanced the Th1-type antitumor immune responses induced by IFN-α. The combination of IFN-α gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines and PD-1 blockade may be a possible candidate for a cancer vaccine for clinical trials.


Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia Ativa/métodos , Interferon-alfa/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/terapia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Morte Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunidade Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Interferon-alfa/genética , Interferon-alfa/imunologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neoplasias Experimentais/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Transfecção
5.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 57(6): 396-403, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20723164

RESUMO

An epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease occurred in Miyazaki, Japan, beginning in late March 2010. Here, we document the descriptive epidemiological features and investigate the between-farm transmission dynamics. As of 10 July 2010, a total of 292 infected premises have been confirmed with a cumulative incidence for cattle and pig herds of 8.5% and 36.4%, respectively, for the whole of Miyazaki prefecture. Pig herds were more likely to be infected than cattle herds (odds ratio = 4.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2, 5.7]). Modelling analysis suggested that the relative susceptibility of a cattle herd is 4.2 times greater than a typical pig herd (95% CI: 3.9, 4.5), while the relative infectiousness of a pig herd is estimated to be 8.0 times higher than a cattle herd (95% CI: 5.0, 13.6). The epidemic peak occurred around mid-May, after which the incidence started to decline and the effective reproduction numbers from late May were mostly less than unity, although a vaccination programme in late May could have masked symptoms in infected animals. The infected premises were geographically confined to limited areas in Miyazaki, but sporadic long-distance transmissions were seen within the prefecture. Given that multiple outbreaks in Far East Asian countries have occurred since early 2010, continued monitoring and surveillance is deemed essential.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Febre Aftosa/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Agricultura , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Japão/epidemiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Vacinas Virais
6.
Acta Neurochir Suppl ; 86: 513-7, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14753497

RESUMO

The CyberKnife (CK) is a frameless and image guided robotic controlled instrument for stereotactic irradiation. The authors studied CK treatment of glioma and glioblastoma, and analyzed frequency and risk factors of radiation necrosis. Of 61 patients with glioma and glioblastoma treated with CyberKnife, four patients showed symptomatic radiation necrosis. All of these patients were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy, varying from 3 to 6 fractions without previous radiation therapy. Two patients required necrotomy through craniotomy. Two patients were treated conservatively. Our four patients with radiation necrosis were not specific in terms of tumor volume and dose delivery. Glioma cells invade the normal brain tissue and over-radiation to this intermingling area is one of the risk factors for injury to normal endothelial cells. The homogeneity of the maximum dose area is an important factor to reduce over radiation to the normal brain parenchyma. The dose volume effect has been discussed in terms of risk factor; however, the number of fractions and dose per fraction should be considered to avoid radiation necrosis. We consider that conformal treatment with inverse algorism, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and precise anatomic targeting reduce the risk of radiation necrosis.


Assuntos
Edema Encefálico/etiologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Glioblastoma/radioterapia , Glioma/radioterapia , Lesões por Radiação/diagnóstico , Técnicas Estereotáxicas/efeitos adversos , Técnicas Estereotáxicas/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Edema Encefálico/diagnóstico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Prótons , Radioterapia/instrumentação , Robótica , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único
7.
Opt Lett ; 26(11): 795-7, 2001 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18040453

RESUMO

We propose the use of egg-shaped asymmetric resonant cavities (ARCs), each of which consists of a half-circular part and a half-deformed part, as promising candidates in obtaining desirable whispering-gallery-mode resonances. According to numerical analysis based on a ray-optics model, more than an order-of-magnitude higher Q and more-concentrated emission from the tip of the egg region were obtained for egg-shaped ARCs than for the previously studied quadrupolar ARCs.

8.
Opt Lett ; 22(11): 816-8, 1997 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18185672

RESUMO

A single-beam gradient-force optical trap for dielectric particles, which relies solely on the radiation pressure force of a TEM(00)-mode laser light, is demonstrated in air for what is believed to be the first time. It was observed that micrometer-sized glass spheres with a refractive index of n=1.45 remained trapped in the focus region for more than 30 min, and we could transfer them three dimensionally by moving the beam focus and the microscope stage. A laser power of ~40 mW was sufficient to trap a 5- microm -diameter glass sphere. The present method has several distinct advantages over the conventional optical levitation method.

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