RESUMO
Glutamate is the main neurotransmitter in the olfactory bulb. Therefore, glutamate transporters, which regulate the concentration of extracellular glutamate, might play pivotal roles in odor processing. In this study, we examined expressions of three glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT1 and EAAC1) in the olfactory bulb using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. EAAC1 mRNA was expressed in neurons, such as periglomerular cells, tufted cells, mitral cells and granule cells as shown before in other brain areas. In contrast, GLAST and GLT1 were found in glial cells throughout the olfactory bulb, with intenser expressions in the glomerular layer, external plexiform layer and internal plexiform layer where glutamatergic synapses are concentrated. In addition, using double staining immunohistochemistry we clearly showed that GLAST and GLT1 were expressed in astrocytes. Furthermore, we found that GLAST was also intensely expressed in the subependymal layer where precursor cells exist. These results suggest each glutamate transporter plays its unique role not only in glutamatergic neurotransmission but also in cell differentiation and migration in the olfactory bulb.
Assuntos
Sistema X-AG de Transporte de Aminoácidos/biossíntese , Proteínas de Transporte/biossíntese , Transportador 2 de Aminoácido Excitatório/biossíntese , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/biossíntese , Bulbo Olfatório/metabolismo , Simportadores , Sistema X-AG de Transporte de Aminoácidos/genética , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Transportador 1 de Aminoácido Excitatório , Transportador 2 de Aminoácido Excitatório/genética , Transportador 3 de Aminoácido Excitatório , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Transporte de Glutamato da Membrana Plasmática , Ácido Glutâmico/fisiologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Bulbo Olfatório/citologia , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios/metabolismo , Especificidade de Órgãos , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Células-Tronco/metabolismoRESUMO
Using in situ hybridization with a chromosome-specific DNA probe, we investigated the numerical aberrations of chromosome 17 in differentiated gastric cancers. In 75 cancers that invaded the submucosal or deeper layer, the frequency of an increased hybridized signal (hyperdiploid nuclei) on chromosome 17 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that the classification of numerical aberration (disomy and polysomy) based on the percentage of hyperdiploid nuclei was an independent prognostic factor for the postoperative survival of 58 patients with invasive gastric cancer treated with radical gastrectomy. Thus, numerical aberrations of chromosome 17 may be a useful prognostic indicator of differentiated gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diploide , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Modelos Logísticos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Invasividade Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was performed as a radical operation on 10 patients who had stage III or IV carcinoma of the distal third of the stomach which invaded the pancreas head (T4) or had level 3 lymph node metastasis. The surgical results of the PD were compared with those of 69 patients treated with subtotal gastrectomy (SG). Although the postoperative morbidity was higher (70%) in the PD group than in the SG group (32%), no hospital death occurred. The overall postoperative survival provided by PD was as good as that provided by SG for 43 patients who had stage III or IV tumors (the 5-year survival rates, 40 versus 45%). Regarding the T4 tumors invading the pancreas, the survival of the 9 patients with PD was better than that of the 12 patients with SG (median survival time, 19 versus 9 months). Thus, PD might improve the postoperative survival of patients with carcinoma of the distal stomach invading the pancreas.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Duodenais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma/patologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Neoplasias Duodenais/patologia , Neoplasias Duodenais/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
DNA ploidy and the labeling index (LI) of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in gastric cancers were determined using cytofluorometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and the prognostic value of these two parameters was evaluated. Of 66 patients with advanced gastric cancers treated with radical resection, 27 with aneuploidy and a high PCNA-LI (> or = 40) showed the lowest 5-year survival rate (38%). Twenty patients with diploid cancers and a high LI showed a lower 5-year survival rate (59%) than the 15 patients with diploid cancers and a low LI (<40), who had the highest 5-year survival rate (86%). A multivariate analysis showed that the grouping based on the ploidy and the LI was an independent prognostic factor. Thus, the combination of DNA ploidy and PCNA-LI may be a useful prognostic indicator for advanced gastric cancers.