RESUMO
We successfully applied the phenolphthalin (Kastle-Meyer) test used in forensic chemistry to distinguish between feces from triatomines and other domestic arthropods in sensing devices used for vector surveillance. All black or dark brown, but not white or yellow, fecal smears from laboratory-reared or field-collected Triatoma infestans Klug, Triatoma guasayana Wydgozinsky & Abalos, Triatoma sordida Ståhl (recently revalidated as Triatoma garciabesi Carcavallo, Cichero, Martínez, Prosen & Ronderos) tested positive, whereas dejecta from cockroaches and spiders, crickets, beetles, predatory bugs, and domestic flies tested negative. Black or dark brown dejecta from female Aedes aegypti L. and Cimex lectularius L. bedbugs also tested positive. In sellsing devices installed in bedrooms of 11 houses in Amamá, rural northwestern Argentina, where neither cimicid bedbugs nor argasid ticks had been found over the years, only 62% of the black or dark brown fecal smears attributed to triatomines by a skilled observer tested phenolphthalin-positive. After insecticidal spraying, when bedroom areas were not colonized by triatomines, only 33-40% of the black or dark brown fecal smears in sensor boxes attributed to triatomines by another skilled observer tested phenolphthalin-positive. Eleven (79%) ofthe 14 houses with dubious or nontypical triatomine feces tested phenolphthalin-positive at least once during 1993-1995. Our study introduces a low-cost, simple and effective procedure for the identification of triatomine feces. The test, as a helpful adjunct to sensing devices used in triatomine surveillance, will aid in the accurate detection of infestations and the determination of the need for insecticide application.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/classificação , Triatominae/classificação , Animais , Corantes , Fezes , Feminino , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Inseticidas , Nitrilas , Fenolftaleínas , PiretrinasAssuntos
Oligoquetos , Eliminação de Resíduos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Animais , Biodegradação Ambiental , Colódio/metabolismo , Colódio/toxicidade , Dinitrobenzenos/metabolismo , Dinitrobenzenos/toxicidade , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos/toxicidade , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Indústrias , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Trinitrotolueno/metabolismo , Trinitrotolueno/toxicidadeRESUMO
En la actualidad existe un gran interes en desarrollar indicadores biologicos precoces de los problemas de impacto ambiental y, en este sentido, las lombrices del suelo pueden constituir una herramienta para la deteccion y medida de la polucion quimica. El objeto del presente estudio fue establecer las bases bioquimicas necesarias para el desarrollo de marcadores biologicos subcelulares de estres ambiental antropogenico en Eisenia foetida, organismo estandar utilizado en ecotoxicologia terrestre
Assuntos
Riscos Ambientais , Meio AmbienteRESUMO
En la actualidad existe un gran interes en desarrollar indicadores biologicos precoces de los problemas de impacto ambiental y, en este sentido, las lombrices del suelo pueden constituir una herramienta para la deteccion y medida de la polucion quimica. El objeto del presente estudio fue establecer las bases bioquimicas necesarias para el desarrollo de marcadores biologicos subcelulares de estres ambiental antropogenico en Eisenia foetida, organismo estandar utilizado en ecotoxicologia terrestre
Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Riscos AmbientaisAssuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Esterases/análise , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Moluscos/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacologia , Animais , Argentina , Esterases/antagonistas & inibidores , Fenitrotion/farmacologia , Moluscos/enzimologia , Paraoxon/farmacologia , Paration/farmacologiaAssuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/farmacocinética , Pentaclorofenol/metabolismo , Praguicidas/farmacocinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Acetilação , Animais , Bivalves , Cromatografia Gasosa , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Água Doce , Dose Letal Mediana , Pentaclorofenol/farmacocinética , Controle de Pragas , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Controle de Qualidade , Padrões de Referência , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
In a fatal case of acute parathion ingestion, paranitrophenyl sulphate, the paranitrophenyl glucuronide and free paranitrophenol excretion on day 3 were quantitated using a HPLC reverse method with a C18 column following sample preparation using a C18 mini-column and methanol elution. Paranitrophenyl sulphate amounted to about 81% of the total conjugates excreted. The results were confirmed by collecting the fractions identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, hydrolysing them with concentrated hydrochloric acid and quantitating paranitrophenol by gas chromatography. Total paranitrophenol excretion was also determined. The excreted paranitrophenol was equivalent to 76 mg parathion (lethal dose in humans between 20 and 100 mg). No changes in the concentrations of paranitrophenol or its conjugates were seen in the urine on storage, frozen over a one year period.
