Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Bexiga Urinária/anatomia & histologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/efeitos adversos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Nutritional supplements used by athletes can be classified as sports food, dietary supplements and ergogenic aids. The aim of this study was to examine the use of such supplements among university athletes in Singapore. METHODS: 82 athletes from 16 sport disciplines completed a questionnaire which sought information on demographical parameters, type of supplements, frequency of use, motivations, knowledge, expenditure and side effects. RESULTS: The prevalence of supplement use was 76.8 percent and 20 different products were used. Each individual consumed a mean and standard deviation of 3.18 +/- 1.7 products over a 12-month period. The mean number of products consumed daily was 2.1 +/- 1.2. Popular products included sports drinks, vitamin C, multivitamins and traditional/herbal preparations such as essence of chicken, bird's nest and ginseng. Before using a product, 65.9 percent sought information, usually from the media, the Internet, coaches and fellow athletes. However, many did not know where to obtain reliable information and 86.4 percent were also unaware that supplementation can have adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Although there is a high prevalence of supplement use in our study population, many do not have accurate information about these products. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide athletes with education and access to scientific and unbiased information.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Suplementos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Vitaminas , Adolescente , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Necessidades Nutricionais , Singapura , Esportes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Articular cartilage damage plays a major role in joint degeneration and dysfunction. Accurate assessment of the morphology and degree of cartilage wear is important in diagnosis, prognosis and management, particularly as many of these patients are young or participate in high-performance sports. Magnetic resonance imaging is able to directly evaluate such injuries, due to its high spatial resolution and excellent soft-tissue contrast resolution. This pictoral essay aims to demonstrate normal and damaged articular cartilage on MR imaging, as well as surgically-repaired cartilage.
