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Chondrosarcoma of sternal origin is extremely rare. Here, we present the case of a 59-year-old male who presented with gradually increasing swelling and pain over the left sternoclavicular joint which was diagnosed as chondrosarcoma of sternal origin. We also present a review of the relevant literature.
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Aim The aim of the study is to determine improvements in perinatal mortality at the end of the first 2 years from the initiation of the Samrakshan program of the Indian Radiological and Imaging Association. Methods Samrakshan is a screening program of pregnant women that uses trimester-specific risk assessment protocols including maternal demographics, mean arterial pressure, and fetal Doppler studies to classify women as high risk or low risk for preterm preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Low dose aspirin 150 mg daily once at bedtime was started for pregnant women identified as high risk in the 11-13 6/7 weeks screening. The third-trimester screening focused on the staging of FGR and protocol-based management for childbirth and risk assessment for PE. Outcomes of childbirth including gestational age at delivery, development of PE, and perinatal mortality outcomes were collected. Results Radiologists from 38 districts of 16 states of India participated in the Samrakshan program that screened 2,816 first trimester, 3,267 second trimester, and 3,272 third trimester pregnant women, respectively. At 2 years, preterm PE was identified in 2.76%, preterm births in 19.28%, abnormal Doppler study in 25.76% of third trimester pregnancies, and 75.32% of stage 1 FGR delivered at term. The neonatal mortality rate was 9.86/1,000 live births, perinatal mortality rate was 18.97/1,000 childbirths, and maternal mortality was 58/100,000 live births compared with 29.5, 36, and 113, respectively in 2016. Conclusion Fetal Doppler integrated antenatal ultrasound studies in Samrakshan led to a significant reduction in preterm PE rates, preterm birth rates, and a significant improvement in mean birth weights. Perinatal, neonatal, and maternal mortality rates are significantly better than the targets for 2030 set by the Sustainable Development Goals-3.
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Omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder, imperforate anus and spinal defect (OEIS complex) is a rare congenital anomaly with varied clinical presentation. A case report in a spontaneously aborted fetus of 20 weeks gestation and diagnosed on autopsy is discussed. External omphalocele sac, imperforate anus, kyphoscoliosis, ambiguous genitalia and bilateral congenital talipes were present. Omphalocele sac contained liver, coils of small intestine, spleen and stomach. The sac also contained right testis and right kidney. The presence of kidney and testis in the omphalocele sac is a very rare finding in this complex. Antenatal ultrasound at 18 weeks of gestation had demonstrated omphalocele, deformed spine, club feet, non-visualization of bladder and polyhydramnios. Imperforate anus could not be detected prenatally. Occasionally, Two-Dimensional (2-D) ultrasound (US) may fail to detect the full spectrum of the complex. For definitive and differential diagnoses, Three-Dimensional (3-D) ultrasound, color Doppler and fetal Magnetic Resonance (MR) can be used
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