Inflammatory Profile of Older Adults in Response to Physical Activity and Diet Supplementation: A Systematic Review.

Chronic, low-grade inflammation in the elderly, usually known as inflammaging, accelerates the development of age-related diseases, including cancer, obesity, sarcopenia, and cardio-metabolic diseases. Two of the most studied interventions against inflammation are diet supplementation and the regular practice of exercise. The search for this systematic review was performed in Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases within the last 10 years. Only randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of supplementation and exercise against inflammatory markers in older adults were included. After applying eligibility criteria and risk-of-bias assessment, 11 studies were included in the systematic review. In total, 638 participants were analyzed and the main supplements evaluated were amino acid or protein supplementation from different sources. In the counterpart, the exercise applied in the evaluations included strengthening exercises or aerobic training. The interventions had a range of duration between 4 and 24 weeks, and the effects on inflammation markers in most of the studies showed a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and non- or slightly significant change in anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, these results suggest that exercise and supplement interventions can contribute to diminishing the inflammation process in the elderly. We can also conclude that further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the possible synergistic effects of exercise and food supplementation against inflammation in the elderly due to the limited studies that currently exist. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID CRD42023387184.

Prevalence and correlates of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in a rural indigenous community in Baja California, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico and understudied among indigenous populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify correlates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a rural, indigenous community in Northwestern Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the community of San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico, among a sample of households. A total of 275 participants (≥18 years old) underwent a questionnaire, physical examination, and serologic test. Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), using logistic regression modeling, were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of Type 2 DM and MetS was 21.8 and 53.1%, respectively. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index of study participants was 35.8 ± 13.0 years and 28.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2, respectively. Participants were 75% female and 60.7% self-identified as indigenous. Thirty-seven percent of adults had high blood pressure. After controlling for age, higher educational attainment had a protective effect on Type 2 DM (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.20, 0.77). Additionally, the presence of MetS was associated with being female (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI 1.23, 4.14) and having lower educational attainment (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.37, 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Type 2 DM and MetS was high in this rural and indigenous population, and education was shown to play a critical role. These findings support the need for community-inclusive health-promoting interventions in rural communities.

[Experience on the management of a hepatitis A outbreak in a children daycare center]. / Experiencia en la atención de un brote de hepatitis A en una guardería infantil.

BACKGROUND: Since hepatitis A virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, outbreaks in nurseries are favored by constant diaper changes and failures in hygienic measures. The purpose of this investigation was to describe an outbreak of hepatitis A between November 2012 and February 2013 at a nursery in Mexicali, Baja California, as well as the measures adopted for its control. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted on the outbreak and the control measures, calculating the rates of attack and establishing proportions using the Wilson's scale. Pupils, workers or family members with symptoms consistent with hepatitis A were considered to be suspected cases. First-occurrence hepatitis A records were reviewed on the Weekly Disease Surveillance Report at the involved medical units and on the nursery's infirmary records. RESULTS: The global attack rate was 13.1 %, and in those captive in the nursery, 9.5 %. Jaundice, biliuria and abdominal pain were the most important clinical data. There were no deaths or hospitalizations. The outbreak lasted 86 days. Control measures were based on epidemiological surveillance reinforcement and preventive hygienic measures. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak showed a spreading trend, it affected mainly children and showed the importance of health education and epidemiological surveillance maintenance, extensive to the familial setting.

INTRODUCCIÓN: dado que el virus de la hepatitis A se transmite vía fecal-oral, en las guarderías los brotes son favorecidos por los cambios constantes de pañal y las fallas en las medidas higiénicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir un brote de hepatitis A entre noviembre de 2012 y febrero de 2013 en una guardería de Mexicali, Baja California, así como las medidas adoptadas para su control. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo del brote y de las medidas de control, con cálculo de tasas de ataque y determinación de proporciones por escala de Wilson. Se consideró caso sospechoso a los alumnos, trabajadores o familiares que presentaran sintomatología compatible con hepatitis A. Se revisaron los registros de primera vez de hepatitis A del Informe Semanal de Casos Nuevos de Enfermedades de las unidades médicas involucradas y de los registros de enfermería de la guardería. RESULTADOS: la tasa de ataque global fue de 13.1 % y en los cautivos de la guardería, de 9.5 %. La ictericia, la coluria y el dolor abdominal fueron los principales datos clínicos. No se presentaron defunciones ni hospitalizaciones. El brote duró 86 días. Las medidas de control se basaron en el reforzamiento de la vigilancia epidemiológica y de las medidas higiénicas preventivas. CONCLUSIONES: el brote mostró una tendencia a la propagación, afectó principalmente a los niños y denotó la importancia de la educación en salud y del mantenimiento de la vigilancia epidemiológica, con extensión al medio familiar.

Meningoencefalitis por amiba de vida libre: revisión de siete casos / Meningoencephalitis due to free life ameba: review of seven cases

El objetivo es informar la ocurrencia de siete casos de meningoencefalitis por amiba de vida libre en población derechohabiente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Mexicali, Baja California, entre 1990 y 1991. Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de los casos; se describen los principales signos y síntomas del padecimiento, así como los datos de laboratorio en líquido cefalorraquídeo y tratamiento. Todos los pacientes fallecieron. Se puede concluir que bañarse o nadar en canales de riego del municipio de mexicali, constituye un riesgo de enfermar y morir por amiba de vida libre. Se enfatiza la necesidad de aplicar medidas de educación para la salud entre la población en riesgo, así como establecer un diagnóstico oportuno y protocolizar el tratamiento curativo