Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Resident Doctors in Nigeria: A Multi-Center Study.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Several studies have shown that depression in resident doctors is more common than that in the general population. However, data on the prevalence of depression among resident doctors in Nigeria is limited. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression as well as factors associated with depression among resident doctors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed with semi-structured questionnaires on socio-demographic and other factors associated with depression in resident doctors. The proportionate sample size in hospitals across the six geopolitical zones with multi-stage sampling and systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit resident doctors. The Beck's Depression Inventory was employed. The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.3 (2011) and Stata 14. A p-value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 18.9% among the resident doctors. Negative binomial regression used showed that depression in resident doctors was significantly associated with age (IRR=1.07, 95%CI:1.01-1.13, p=0.017), female gender ((IRR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00-3.05, p=0.049) and being a resident in the surgical specialties (IRR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.35-3.94, p=0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression among resident doctors showed that older age, female gender, and surgical specialties were determinants of depression.

CONTEXTE: La dépression contribue de façon importante à la charge mondiale de morbidité. Plusieurs études ont montré que la dépression chez les médecins résidents est plus fréquente que dans la population générale. Cependant, les données sur la prévalence de la dépression chez les médecins résidents au Nigéria sont limitées. OBJECTIFS: Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de la dépression ainsi que les facteurs associés à la dépression chez les médecins résidents. MÉTHODES: Un plan d'étude transversal a été utilisé avec des questionnaires semi-structurés sur les facteurs sociodémographiques et autres associés à la dépression chez les médecins résidents. La taille proportionnelle de l'échantillon dans les hôpitaux des six zones géopolitiques avec un échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes et une technique d'échantillonnage aléatoire systématique a été utilisée pour recruter des médecins résidents. L'inventaire de la dépression de Beck a été utilisé. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'Epi info version 3.5.3 (2011) et stata 14. Une valeur de p inférieure à 0,05 était statistiquement significative. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence de la dépression était de 18,9 % chez les médecins résidents. La régression binomiale négative utilisée a montré que la dépression chez les médecins résidents était significativement associée à l'âge (TRI = 1,07, IC à 95 %: 1,01-1,13, p = 0,017), au sexe féminin (IRR = 1,75, IC à 95%: 1,00-3,05, p = 0,049) et au fait d'être résident dans les spécialités chirurgicales (TRI = 2,31, IC à 95%: 1,35-3,94, p = 0,002), respectivement. CONCLUSION: La prévalence de la dépression chez les médecins résidents a montré que l'âge avancé, le sexe féminin et les spécialités chirurgicales étaient des déterminants de la dépression. Mots-clés: Dépression, Médecins, Géopolitique, Beck.

Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Obesity in an Urban Area, North-West Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a vulnerable period of transition and a time for establishing healthy or risky behaviours. Adolescents constitute the strategic link between a nation's past and the future. Adolescent obesity is an epidemic of global proportions which has affected both industrialized and developing countries. Identifying factors that influence adolescent obesity in our environment would help to strengthen preventive measures, reduce the disease burden, and ultimately improve adult health. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in secondary schools in Kaduna metropolis, North-West Nigeria. The participants were selected using systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty adolescents were recruited into the study. This consisted of 85(56.7%) girls and 65(43.3%) boys. The mean age of the participants was 14.1 ± 2.3 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.3% and 14.0% respectively. Factors identified to be associated with the development of obesity included lack of sporting activities (c2 = 8.18, p= 0.04) and the number of hours of sleep daily (c2 = 17.91, p= 0.01). All except one of the obese adolescents consumed snacks/soft drinks, though the relationship between adolescent obesity and consumption of snacks/soft drinks was not statistically significant (c2 = 5.58, p= 0.13). CONCLUSION: Addressing the risk factors associated with adolescent obesity is a key to reversing this global epidemic. Health education on appropriate sleep pattern and engaging in sporting activities should be emphasized in secondary schools.

Cohort event monitoring of patients treated for uncomplicated malaria with artemisinin-based combination therapies in selected hospitals and community pharmacies in Nigeria.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study was designed with the broad objective of determining the safety profile of artemisinin-based combination therapies amongst Nigerian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cohort event monitoring (CEM) programme involving monitoring adverse events (AEs) in malaria patients treated with either artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate-amodiaquine (AA) in healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The study involved continuous enrolment of patients with malaria and treated with either AL or AA at the various sites until a total cohort of 600 patients were enrolled at each site. Patients were monitored from the onset of therapy, and on days 3 and 7 from the first day of treatment to identify AEs that may occur. RESULTS: A total of 6102 AEs were recorded in 10,259 patients monitored during the programme. Of 4896 patients who received AA, 4233 (86.5%) patients reported at least one AE while 1869 (34.8%) AEs out of 5363 patients who received AL were reported (P = 0.010). The predominant incidence of each specific AE reported in each group among the patients who received AA and AL includes body weakness 30.8%/7.5%, dizziness 10.3%/3.9%, restlessness 5.02/1.12%, vomiting 3.5/1.03% and drowsiness 3.1/1.5% for AA and AL, respectively. There were more AEs among patients with co-morbid conditions and patients in the younger age groups (9-<15 years), P = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS: Various types of AEs were seen and documented during the CEM programme. The findings suggested that the AA/AL monitored during this programme was generally safe and remarkably well tolerated among the Nigerian populations.