[Dental implants: one or two stages?]. / Tandheelkundige implantaten: één- of tweefasig?

Dental implants can be inserted in one or two stages. The promoters of the two stages implant systems believe that submersion is essential for osseointegration. Animal and human studies, however, have shown that implants can also be successful when the one stage procedure is used. In this article the principles and the (dis)advantages of both procedures are discussed.

Explanation procedure with special emphasis on the ITI implant system.

Removal of implants is performed in cases of irreversible implant failure and in patients having psychological problems with implants. The explantation procedure can be complicated in some situations. In the present article, techniques of explantation and some related considerations are presented.

Ridge mapping.

An important aspect of surgical diagnosis before implant placement is measurement of the width of the alveolar ridge. Besides the use of radiographic methods, alveolar crest width can be measured by ridge mapping. A ridge mapping technique using a specially designed caliper (Ultimapper) is presented. Results of a research investigation are presented, which suggest that the technique is reliable and easily performed.

Hemorrhage of the floor of the mouth resulting from lingual perforation during implant placement: a clinical report.

The edentulous mandible provides a frequent indication for oral implants. In many cases implants are placed in the interforaminal region to support fixed prostheses or give retention to removable overdentures. One of the hazards of this seemingly safe surgical area is hemorrhage of the floor of the mouth. In this article, two cases of this life-threatening complication are reported.

Autogenous maxillary bone grafts in conjunction with placement of I.T.I. endosseous implants. A preliminary report.

Small bone defects due to atrophic, traumatic or periodontal bone loss can be grafted with autologous bone grafts taken from the maxillary tuberosity. This study presents a 1-3 years follow-up of 22 patients who were treated according to this technique. Thirty-two implants were placed 6 months after bone grafting. All implants were functioning well at the time of investigation.

Indications for angled implants.

The development of dental implants has led to an expansion of indications and to perfection of implantation methods and implant systems. Angulation problems due to anatomic limitations, however, still remain. The indications for the use of angled Bonefit I.T.I. implants are described.

The placement of angled implants in the edentulous maxillae for the use of overdentures.

Although most retention problems of prostheses are concentrated in the mandible, patients have similar problems in the maxillae. Retention of prostheses can be improved by the use of two or four implants, either with retentive anchors or with a bar in the frontal part of the maxillae. The method of planning and placement of I.T.I. Bonefit implants is described.

Benefit of Bonefit implant system.

The International Team for Oral Implantology (ITI) Bonefit system has been introduced as an extended and improved system with respect to titanium plasma-sprayed screws and the F-type implant. The clinical results of the Bonefit implant system were at least as good as those of the F-type implant. The Bonefit system, however, offers more indications and applications, especially in crowns and bridgework. Furthermore, the ITI Bonefit system appears to eliminate some of the reported shortcomings of the F-type implant.

Palatal mucosa grafts for oral implant devices.

Oral implants placed in the atrophic mandible often lack sufficient surrounding attached keratinized gingiva. Although mobile mucosa surrounding the implant does not necessarily need to be replaced, many oral surgeons and dentists prefer attached, keratinized gingiva, especially in cases where oral hygiene is imperfect. This article discusses a method of palatal mucosa transplantation to improve the implant recipient site. The clinical results of this method used in 30 patients are reported.

Explantation procedure in the F-type and Bonefit ITI implant system.

The explantation technique for the ITI F-type and Bonefit implant system is described. Although implant survival rates are high, the risk of failure must be considered. In some cases implants will have to be removed for reasons other than failure of the implant itself.

Clinical evaluation of the ITI (F-type) hollow cylinder implant.

In 1976 the hollow cylinder implant was introduced. A number of articles have been published about the ITI implant system. In this article, short-term results of 102 ITI F-type implants in 40 patients are reported. The results showed this one-stage implant to be at least comparable to other well-known implant systems.

Parallelism of implants visualised on the orthopantomogram.

Orthopantomography is often used in implantology to determine the position of implants in the bone. Implants, which in fact are parallel, can be projected in a non-parallel position. Considerations inherent to the technique of orthopantomography are responsible for this phenomenon. In this study some experiments were carried out to demonstrate this. It can be concluded that orthopantomography cannot be used to determine whether implants are placed parallel or not.

Parallelism of hollow-cylinder ITI implants: an experimental study.

Site preparation for oral implants is a delicate surgical procedure. In the ITI F-type and Bonefit implant systems, two cylindrical burs are available. Experiments were performed to verify the clinical experience that the longer bur is more accurate in defining the direction of implants. Several preparations were made in six human femur heads. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the difference in parallelism between preparations made with the standard cylindrical bur and the bur with the long shaft. The results showed that the bur with the longer shaft was preferred for obtaining an accurate direction and parallelism of the implants.