Traits Explaining Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. spp. Durum) Yield in Dry Chilean Mediterranean Environments.

Yield under water stress (YS) is used as the main criterion in the selection of wheat varieties for dry Mediterranean environments. It has been proposed that selection of genotypes using YS assisted by morphological and physiological traits associated with YS is more efficient in selecting high yielding genotypes for dry environments. A study was carried out at the Antumapu Experiment Station of the University of Chile, located in Santiago, Chile (33° 40'S and 70° 38' W). The objective was to evaluate the extent to which morpho physiological traits could explain YS. For this purpose, grain yield and yield components of 185 durum wheat genotypes from ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) and INIA (Chilean National Institute for Agricultural Research) were evaluated along with seed size and weight, days to heading (DH), glaucousness (GLAU), plant height (PH) and 13C discrimination (Δ). The design was an α-lattice with two replications, the genotypes were grown in two different water conditions (high and low irrigation) during two seasons (2011-2012/2012-2013). Grain weight (GW) was the only yield component with high H associated with YS, but it was not associated with yield under high irrigation (YI). The combination of YI with DH+GLAU+PH+Δ+GW obtained in LI environments explained a greater fraction of YS (38%) across years; these traits had lower genotype x environment interaction than YS, they also explained a higher proportion of yield under drought than YI. None of the traits studied could replace YS in selections for grain yield. It is concluded that these traits could aid in the selection of durum wheat subject to water stress, particularly in early generations.

[Preoperative evaluation and predictors of mortality in lung cancer resection]. / Evaluación preoperatoria y predictores de morbimortalidad en resección de cáncer de pulmón.

Surgical resection of lung cancer, the only available curative option today, is strongly associated with mortality. The goal during the perioperative period is to identify and evaluate appropriate candidates for lung resection in a more careful way and reduce the immediate perioperative risk and posterior disability. This is a narrative review of perioperative risk assessment in lung cancer resection. Instruments designed to facilitate decision-making have been implemented in recent years but with contradictory results. Cardiovascular risk assessment should be the first step before a potential lung resection, considering that most of these patients are old, smokers and have atherosclerosis. Respiratory mechanics determined by postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the evaluation of the alveolar-capillary membrane by diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide and cardiopulmonary function measuring the maximum O2 consumption, will give clues about the patient's respiratory and cardiac response to stress. With these assessments, the patient and its attending team can reach a treatment decision balancing the perioperative risk, the chances of survival and the pulmonary long-term disability.

[Splenic gangrene due to Streptococcus anginosus after a sleeve gastrectomy. Report of one case]. / Gangrena esplénica por Streptococcus anginosus post manga gástrica laparoscópica complicada con hemoperitoneo y comunicación gastroesplénica secundaria. Caso clínico.

We report a 46-year-old woman, subjected to a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, that had to be converted to open surgery due to the presence of adherences. She required an immediate new intervention due to a hemoperitoneum caused by a liver tear and venous bleeding from the splenic hilus. Both lesions were successfully repaired. In the postoperative period the patient had fever, leukocytosis and sialorrhea. A CAT scan showed a splenic infarction and a huge intra abdominal collection that communicated with the stomach. Streptococcus anginosus was isolated from the collection. The patient was managed with antimicrobials and percutaneous drainage with a favourable evolution and closure of the communication with the stomach.