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OBJECTIVE: The aim is to study the trends in gastric cancer (GC) mortality in Kazakhstan. METHODS: Data on those who died from GC and on the annual population were obtained from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A retrospective study was carried out for the period 2009-2018 using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific mortality rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. RESULTS: GC mortality in Kazakhstan is considered to be decreasing. It was determined that during the studied period 19,672 died of this cancer. The mean of death was 67.8 with 95% CI of 67.6 to 68.0. The highest mortality rates per 100,000 in the entire population were found in the age groups 75-79 years (145.9±24.1), 80-84 years (161.0±11.0), and 85+ years (116.5±16.4). Trends in age-related mortality rates had a pronounced tendency to increase in 70-74 years (T=+4.3%, R2=0.1924) and to decrease in the age of up to 30 (T=-8.7%, R2=0.2426). The average annual standardized mortality rate was 13.2 per 100,000, and in trends tended to decrease (T=-5.8%; R2=0.9763). In all regions, there is a decrease in mortality, except for the city of Astana. During categorization mortality rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low - up to 12.9, average - from 12.9 to 15.1, high - above 15.1 per 100,000 for the entire population. CONCLUSION: The mortality rates from GC tend to decrease, while the downward trends and the degree of their approximation are expressed in almost all regions. The study of regional mortality has theoretical and practical significance for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of early detection and treatment. Health authorities should take into account the results obtained when organizing antitumor measures.
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Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Idoso , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Cazaquistão/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: The study conducted a component analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of breast cancer (BC) in Karaganda region. Methods: Primary data were for registered patients with BC (ICD 10-C50) in Kazakhstan, Karaganda region the period of 2009-2018. Evaluation of changes in BC incidence in the population of Karaganda was performed using component analysis according to the methodological recommendations. Results: Overall, 4,391 new cases of BC and 1,202 deaths were recorded. The incidence rate increased from 44.4 (2009) to 72.7 in 2018 and the overall growth was 28.37 per 100,000 population of female, including due to the age structure - ∑ΔA =3.13, due to the risk of acquiring illness - ∑ΔR =22.69 and their combined effect - ∑ΔRA =2.56. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with BC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP =+3.7%), changes in its age structure (ΔA =+10.3%) and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR =+75.0%). The mortality rate in the region changed from 18.6 (2009) to 10.9 (2018) and tended to decrease. Conclusion: The role of the influence of demographic factors and the risk of acquiring illness on the formation of the number of patients and the incidence of BC was evaluated. In this region, these indicators were the highest. The implementation of the results of this study is recommended in management of anticancer activities for BC.
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OBJECTIVE: The article studies the geographical features of the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in Kazakhstan. METHODS: The retrospective study was done for the period 2009-2018. Descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology were used. Crude (CR), age-specific (ASIR), age-standardized (ASR), equalized incidence rates and approximation were calculated. The dynamics of indicators was investigated using component analysis according to methodological recommendations. The method of drawing up a cartogram based on the determination of the standard deviation (σ) from the mean (x) was applied. RESULTS: During the study period, 27,467 new cases of GC were registered. The incidence rate increased from 16.80 (2009) to 15.10 in 2018 and the overall decline was 1.70 per 100,000 population, including due to the age structure - ∑ΔA=+1.51, due to the risk of acquiring illness - ∑ΔR=-2.91 and their combined effect - ∑ΔRA=-0.31. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with GC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+651.8%), changes in its age structure (ΔA=+433.9%) and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=-832.1%). The cartograms were allocated according to the following criteria: low - up to 14.80/0000, average - from 14.8 to 19.20/0000, high - above 19.20/0000. The results of the spatial assessment showed the highest levels of GC incidence in following regions: Akmola (22.20/0000), North Kazakhstan (22.30/0000), and Pavlodar (23.20/0000). CONCLUSION: Thus, as a result of the epidemiological analysis, the role of the influence of demographic factors and the risk of acquiring illness on the formation of the number of patients and the incidence of GC was evaluated, while sex differences and geographical variability were established.
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Neoplasias Gástricas , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Incidência , Cazaquistão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to study the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in Kazakhstan. METHODS: The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific mortality rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. RESULTS: CRC mortality in Kazakhstan is considered to be increasing. Therefore, this study (for the period 2009-2018) was undertaken to retrospectively evaluate data across the country available from the central registration bureau. Age standardized data for mortality was generated and compared across age groups. It was determined that during the studied period 15,200 died of this pathology. During the studied years an average age of the dead made 69.8 years (95%CI=69.5-70.0). The average annual standardized mortality rate was 10.2 per 100,000, and in dynamics tended to decrease. Peak of mortality was noted in aged 60-84 years. Trends in age-related mortality rates had a pronounced tendency to increase in 30-34 years (T=+11.7%, R2=0.7980) and to decrease in 75-79 years (T=-16.4%, R2=0.8881). In many regions, there is a decrease in the number of deaths. During the compilation of cartograms, mortality rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low - up to 8.9, average - from 8.9 to 11.5, high - above 11.5 per 100,000 for the entire population. In addition, all calculations were made taking into account age-sex differences. CONCLUSION: Trends in mortality from CRC in recent years have decreased from 11.2 to 7.7 per 100,000 of the total population, while the trend is stable (T=-3.6%, R2=0.8745). The study of regional mortality has theoretical and practical significance: monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of early detection and treatment of detected pathology. Health authorities should take into account the results obtained when organizing anti-cancer measures.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Cazaquistão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AAMC: Background and objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most widespread human malignancies. The aim of this study was to study trends of the incidence of CRC in Kazakhstan. Materials and Method: This retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results: During the study period from 2009 to 2018, 28,950 new cases of CRC were recorded, 13,779 (47.6%) cases were allocated to men and 15,171 (52.4%) to women. It was found that the incidence rate of CRC increased from 14.79 (2009) to 17.72 in 2018 and the overall growth was 2.93 cases per 100,000. This increase was due to the age structure ΣΔA=+1.42, the risk of acquiring illness ΣΔR=+1.31, and their combined effect ΣΔRA=+0.20. The component analysis results revealed that the increase in the number of patients with CRC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+37.7%), changes in age structure (ΔA=+26.6%), and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=+24.6%). The number of patients (both sexes) was increasing in many regions largely due to the influence of the age structure of the population. In addition, it was found that growth in the number of patients in most regions, both men and women, was associated primarily with the risk of acquiring illness. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed increasing trends in the incidence of CRC in all regions of the country. These changes were mainly influenced by demographic factors (population size and age structure), risk of acquiring the disease, and their combined effect.^ieng