Deep Learning-Based Segmentation and Volume Calculation of Pediatric Lymphoma on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographies.

Lymphomas are the ninth most common malignant neoplasms as of 2020 and the most common blood malignancies in the developed world. There are multiple approaches to lymphoma staging and monitoring, but all of the currently available ones, generally based either on 2-dimensional measurements performed on CT scans or metabolic assessment on FDG PET/CT, have some disadvantages, including high inter- and intraobserver variability and lack of clear cut-off points. The aim of this paper was to present a novel approach to fully automated segmentation of thoracic lymphoma in pediatric patients. Manual segmentations of 30 CT scans from 30 different were prepared by the authors. nnU-Net, an open-source deep learning-based segmentation method, was used for the automatic segmentation. The highest Dice score achieved by the model was 0.81 (SD = 0.17) on the test set, which proves the potential feasibility of the method, albeit it must be underlined that studies on larger datasets and featuring external validation are required. The trained model, along with training and test data, is shared publicly to facilitate further research on the topic.

Indications for imaging studies in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients - recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology.

The pandemic involving COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, due to its severe symptoms and high transmission rate, has gone on to pose a control challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. We present the third version of the recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology (PMSR), presuming that our knowledge on COVID-19 will advance further rapidly, to the extent that further supplementation and modification will prove necessary. These recommendations involve rules of conduct, procedures, and safety measures that should be introduced in radiology departments, as well as indications for imaging studies.

Classification of nine types of pornographic materials using the sAI 0.3 model. Continuation of the pilot study. / Klasyfikacja dziewieciu typów materialów pornograficznych za pomoca modelu sAI 0.3. Kontynuacja badan pilotazowych.

OBJECTIVES: Legal pornographic materials are a heterogenous group of audiovisual materials that depict one or more person over the age of eighteen engaging in sexual activities. The aim of this study was to train a model that could classify given types of pornographic materials. METHODS: Materials included in the training set (3,600 materials) and the validation set (900 materials) were manually classified and tagged by psychologists-sexologists. Then, a deep neural network was trained on the dataset. Six models based on different architectures of convolutional neural networks were included in the study (ResNet152, ResNet101, VGG19, VGG16, Squeezenet 1.1, Squeezenet 1.0). Each model was trained on the same group of photographs, and fast.ai library was used for the training process. RESULTS: The final model allows for the classification of more types of pornographic materials with greater efficiency than the pilot model, and thanks to the manual labelling of individual photographs, the limitations of the classification are known. CONCLUSIONS: The possible applications of the model in clinical sexology and psychiatry are discussed. The application of deep neural networks in sexology seems to be particularly promising for at least two reasons. Firstly, a tool for automated detection of pornographic materials involving minors can be developed and used during criminal proceeding. Secondly, after retraining the presented model on photographs of men and women not engaging in sexual activity the model could be used to filter content that is inappropriate for minors.

Deep learning for cerebral angiography segmentation from non-contrast computed tomography.

Cerebral computed tomography angiography is a widely available imaging technique that helps in the diagnosis of vascular pathologies. Contrast administration is needed to accurately assess the arteries. On non-contrast computed tomography, arteries are hardly distinguishable from the brain tissue, therefore, radiologists do not consider this imaging modality appropriate for the evaluation of vascular pathologies. There are known contraindications to administering iodinated contrast media, and in these cases, the patient has to undergo another examination to visualize cerebral arteries, such as magnetic resonance angiography. Deep learning for image segmentation has proven to perform well on medical data for a variety of tasks. The aim of this research was to apply deep learning methods to segment cerebral arteries on non-contrast computed tomography scans and consequently, generate angiographies without the need for contrast administration. The dataset for this research included 131 patients who underwent brain non-contrast computed tomography directly followed by computed tomography with contrast administration. Then, the segmentations of arteries were generated and aligned with non-contrast computed tomography scans. A deep learning model based on the U-net architecture was trained to perform the segmentation of blood vessels on non-contrast computed tomography. An evaluation was performed on separate test data, as well as using cross-validation, reaching Dice coefficients of 0.638 and 0.673, respectively. This study proves that deep learning methods can be leveraged to quickly solve problems that are difficult and time-consuming for a human observer, therefore providing physicians with additional information on the patient. To encourage the further development of similar tools, all code used for this research is publicly available.

Management of patients with COVID-19 in radiology departments, and indications regarding imaging studies - recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology.

The pandemic involving COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, due to its severe symptoms and high transmission rate, has gone on to pose a control challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. We present the second version of the Recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology, presuming that our knowledge on COVID-19 will advance further rapidly, to the extent that further supplementation and modification will prove necessary. These Recommendations involve rules of conduct, procedures, and safety measures that should be introduced in radiology departments, as well as indications for imaging studies.