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1.
Neurocirugia (Astur) ; 17(1): 34-44; discussion 45, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16565779

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the neuropsychological status of patients with intracranial aneurysms and to compare the cognitive status of patients with intracranial aneurysm treated by surgical or endovascular methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-three cases with intracranial aneurysms treated with surgery (n = 56) or embolization (n = 37) were included. A neuropsychological assessment was applied to both groups retrospectively, at least one year after treatment. RESULTS: Neuropsychological impairment was found in both groups. 35.7% of the patients treated with surgery and 43.2%, of those treated with embolization did not show any cognitive impairment. Visual Memory and Cued Recall of verbal information are better in patients treated by embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that a large proportion of patients with intracranial aneurysms have cognitive impairment after treatment. Endovascular management may cause less impairment in visual and verbal memory. However, bleeding may be the most important factor to explain these cognitive impairments.


Assuntos
Embolização Terapêutica , Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
Neurocir. - Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir ; 17(1): 34-45, mar. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050130

RESUMO

Objetivos. Describir el rendimiento neuropsicológico de pacientes con aneurismas cerebrales que han sido tratados mediante cirugía o embolización, y determinarla existencia de diferencias en función de la modalidad de tratamiento. Material y métodos. Serie clínica compuesta por 93pacientes voluntarios, con aneurismas cerebrales, tratados mediante cirugía (n = 56) o embolización (n = 37). A ambos grupos se les realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica retrospectiva, al menos un año después de realizar el tratamiento. Resultados. En ambos grupos se encontraron pacientes con déficit neuropsicológicos. En el grupo de pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente el porcentaje de pacientes sin ninguna afectación neuropsicológica es del 35.7%, mientras que en el grupo de pacientes embolizados este porcentaje asciende al 43.2%. Los análisis muestran una ejecución mejor en el grupo de tratamiento endovascular, respecto al quirúrgico, sólo en memoria visual y en el recuerdo con claves de la memoria verbal. Conclusiones. Años después del tratamiento, un importante porcentaje de pacientes presenta alteraciones neuropsicológicas. El tratamiento endovascular se asocia con un mejor rendimiento en memoria visual yen el recuerdo con claves de la memoria verbal, aunque explica un porcentaje muy escaso de la varianza. Por lo tanto, en la explicación del deterioro neuropsicológico parece más importante el propio efecto de la hemorragia que la modalidad de intervención


Objectives. To describe the neuropsychological status of patients with intracranial aneurysms and to compare the cognitive status of patients with intracranial aneurysm treated by surgical or endovascular methods. Material and methods. Ninety-three cases with intracranial aneurysms treated with surgery (n = 56) or embolization (n = 37) were included. A neuropsychological assessment was applied to both groups retrospectively, at least one year after treatment. Results. Neuropsychological impairment was found in both groups. 35.7% of the patients treated with surgery and 43.2%, of those treated with embolization did not show any cognitive impairment. Visual Memory and Cued Recall of verbal information are better inpatients treated by embolization. Conclusions. Our results show that a large proportion of patients with intracranial aneurysms have cognitive impairment after treatment. Endovascular management may cause less impairment in visual and verbal memory. However, bleeding may be the most important factor to explain these cognitive impairments


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Embolização Terapêutica , Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Testes Neuropsicológicos
3.
Rev Neurol ; 40(3): 129-34, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15750895

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Interdisciplinary research made by neuropsychologist, neurologists and radiologists is making possible descriptions of the anatomic bases of memory. The hippocampus is one of the main structures related to memory processing. The aim of the present study was to study the relationship between verbal and visual memory, and the volumetry and relaxometry of the. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 36 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Fist, a neuropsychological assessment of was made the verbal and visual memory. Second, hippocampal structure were studied by magnetic resonance image (hippocampal volumetry and relaxometry). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Reactive gliosis measured by T2 relaxation time predicted poorer visual memory in patients with right or left MTS. These results indicate that structural damage in right hippocampus implies worse performance in visual memory. Moreover, MTS was found to have negative effects on contralateral memory (poorer verbal memory in right MTS, and poorer visual memory in left MTS). These results could be due to memory compensation. Thus, the memory function associated with the sclerotic hippocampus is adopted by the contralateral structure. Therefore, the more damage there is to the latter, the poorer is the memory functioning.


Assuntos
Hipocampo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Memória/fisiologia , Rememoração Mental , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hipocampo/anatomia & histologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/patologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(3): 129-134, 1 feb., 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-037125

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. Los trabajos interdisplinares realizados desde la neuropsicología, la neurología y la radiología permiten describir las bases anatómicas de la memoria. El hipocampo es una de las principales estructuras relacionadas con el procesamiento de la memoria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la relación de distintas tareas de memoria verbal y visual con dos técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen de resonancia magnética, como la volumetría y la relaxometría hipocampal. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 36 pacientes con crisis parciales complejas de origen temporal asociadas a esclerosis temporal mesial (ETM) unilateral. Se evaluó neuropsicológicamente el funcionamiento de la memoria verbal y visual, y se realizaron estudios de resonancia magnética, volumetría y relaxometría de ambos hipocampos. Resultados y conclusiones. La gliosis reactiva medida por el tiempo de relajación en T2 predice una peor ejecución en memoria visual, tanto en los pacientes con esclerosis temporal derecha como izquierda. Por tanto, los resultados muestran que la alteración estructural del hipocampo derecho implica una peor ejecución en memoria visual. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado que la memoria verbal en la ETM derecha y la memoria visual en la ETM izquierda, empeoran cuanto mayor era la afectación del hipocampo esclerótico. Estos datos podrían ser resultado de la compensación de funciones, al asumir el hipocampo menos dañado parte de las funciones del esclerótico, porque al verse dañado el primero se afectarían negativamente tanto la memoria verbal como la visual


Introduction and aims. Interdisciplinary research made by neuropsychologist, neurologists and radiologists is making possible descriptions of the anatomic bases of memory. The hippocampus is one of the main structures related to memory processing. The aim of the present study was to study the relationship between verbal and visual memory, and the volumetry and relaxometry of the. Patients and methods. 36 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Fist, a neuropsychological assessment of was made the verbal and visual memory. Second, hippocampal structure were studied by magnetic resonance image (hippocampal volumetry and relaxometry). Results and conclusions. Reactive gliosis measured by T2 relaxation time predicted poorer visual memory in patients with right or left MTS. These results indicate that structural damage in right hippocampus implies worse performance in visual memory. Moreover, MTS was found to have negative effects on contralateral memory (poorer verbal memory in right MTS, and poorer visual memory in left MTS). These results could be due to memory compensation. Thus, the memory function associated with the sclerotic hippocampus is adopted by the contralateral structure. Therefore, the more damage there is to the latter, the poorer is the memory functioning


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Esclerose/fisiopatologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/diagnóstico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Rev Neurol ; 38(12): 1109-16, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15229821

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A number of neuropsychological studies have shown the relationship between severity of drug abuse and the executive functioning of substance abusers, along with its negative impact on treatment results. AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between severity of consumption of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines and ecstasy on the executive processes of fluency, working memory, response inhibition, concept formation and decision-making. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty poly-substance abusers participated in this study. In a series of setwise regression analyses we introduced the standardized scores of a severity index as predictor variables, and the raw scores of five indexes sensitive to executive functioning as dependent variables: the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), the Letter Number Sequencing subtest (LyN), the 5 Digit Test (5DT), the Category Test (TC) and the Gambling Task (GT). Best subsets of predictors for each dependent variable were included in multiple regression models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We obtained significant relationships between severity of heroin and ecstasy abuse and RFFT performance; between severity of alcohol, cocaine, heroin and amphetamines and LyN performance; between severity of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, heroin and ecstasy and 5DT performance; and between severity of heroin and amphetamines and TC performance. These results show the significant influence of severity of drug abuse on executive impairment, which may have a negative impact on treatment results.


Assuntos
Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Cognição/fisiologia , Drogas Ilícitas/farmacologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adulto , Anfetaminas/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Análise de Regressão
6.
Rev Neurol ; 35(12): 1116-35, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12497295

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The surgery of epilepsy has become a real alternative for the treatment of patients with drug resistant epilepsy. In this study we review the part played by Clinical Neuropsychology in programmes of surgery for epilepsy, particularly in operations designed to treat drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. DEVELOPMENT: Firstly we describe the function of the clinical neurologist in relation to these patients. Then we consider the main national and international forms of assessment. Finally we describe the main findings of neuropsychological investigation regarding the approach to temporal lobectomy. Thus we describe the main presurgical characteristics of candidates for surgery regarding cognition and personality. Similarly we describe what is known of the possibilities of finding the site of the epilepetogenic focus and prognosis of the results and neuropsychological consequences of the operation. Finally, we describe the cognitive results, particularly memory, after temporal lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Review of the literature shows how important it is for the clinical neuropsychologist to be involved in programmes of the surgery of epilepsy, studying the patients before and after surgery and assessing prognosis. Clinical neuropsychology is also important for predicting the post surgical neuropsychological results.


Assuntos
Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/psicologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Neuropsicologia , Amobarbital/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Cognição/fisiologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Memória/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Personalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(12): 1116-1135, 16 dic., 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22350

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. La cirugía de la epilepsia se ha convertido en una importante alternativa terapéutica para los pacientes con epilepsia resistente al tratamiento farmacológico. Este trabajo pretende revisar el papel de la neuropsicología clínica en los programas de cirugía de la epilepsia, concretamente en la s intervenciones dirigidas a aliviar la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal farmacorresistente. Desarrollo. Exponemos en primer lugar las funciones que el neuropsicólogo clínico realiza con los pacientes. Posteriormente, mostramos las principales propuestas internacionales y nacionales de evaluación. Por último, mostramos los principales hallazgos que la investigación neuropsicológica ha arrojado dentro de las funciones desempeñadas en el abordaje de la lobectomía temporal. Así, exponemos las principales características prequirúrgicas de los candidatos a cirugía, abarcando las áreas cognitivas y de personalidad. Del mismo modo, exponemos los hallazgos relativos a la capacidad de localización y lateralización del foco epileptógeno, y de predicción de los resultados y consecuencias neuropsicológicas de la intervención. Por último, abordamos la descripción de las consecuencias cognitivas y, particularmente, mnésicas, de la lobectomía temporal. Conclusiones. De la revisión de la bibliografía se desprende la importancia de la labor de cooperación del neuropsicólogo clínico dentro de los programas de cirugía de la epilepsia, estudiando a los pacientes pre y posquirúrgicamente y asesorando en el pronóstico quirúrgico. Además, destaca el papel de la neuropsicología clínica en la predicción de las consecuencias neuropsicológicas posquirúrgicas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neuropsicologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Memória , Personalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Anticonvulsivantes , Cognição , Amobarbital , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Testes Neuropsicológicos
8.
Rev Neurol ; 35(8): 720-6, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12402222

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Temporal lobectomy (TL) is an effective treatment for drug refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The main neuropsychological consequences of the intervention are changes in episodic and semantic memory. Aim. To study the consequences of right temporal lobectomy (RTL) and left temporal lobectomy (LTL) on episodic and semantic mnemonic functioning. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 27 patients who had undergone TL in the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves in Granada were submitted to pre and post surgical evaluation by means of a battery of neuropsychological tests that included episodic and semantic memory tests for both verbal and visual material. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: ANOVA analysis was employed to analyse the pre and post surgical changes for the whole group of patients, and Student s t and Wilcoxon s non parametric test were used for each group of RTL and LTL. No deterioration was found in ipsilateral memory after the intervention, that is to say, in the verbal memory of the patients submitted to LTL and in the visual memory of RTL patients. With regard to contralateral memory, that is, the visual memory of patients submitted to LTL and the verbal memory of RTL patients, the ANOVA analyses of the whole group revealed a statistically significant improvement. The analyses performed for the whole group (LTL and RTL), however, did not reveal any statistically significant changes.


Assuntos
Lobectomia Temporal Anterior , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Memória , Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Adulto , Lobectomia Temporal Anterior/efeitos adversos , Dominância Cerebral , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Desempenho Psicomotor , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Aprendizagem Verbal
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(8): 720-726, 16 oct., 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22380

RESUMO

Introducción. La lobulectomía temporal (LT) representa un tratamiento eficaz para la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico. Las principales consecuencias neuropsicológicas de la intervención son los cambios en memoria episódica y semántica. Objetivo. Estudiar las consecuencias de la lobulectomía temporal derecha (LTD) y lobulectomía temporal izquierda (LTI) sobre el funcionamiento mnésico episódico y semántico. Pacientes y métodos. 27 pacientes sometidos a LT en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada. Se evaluaron pre y posquirúrgicamente mediante una amplia batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas, que incluía tests de memoria episódica y semántica, tanto para material verbal como visual. Resultados y conclusiones. Se analizaron los cambios pre y posquirúrgicos mediante análisis ANOVA para todo el conjunto de pacientes, y t de Student y test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon para cada grupo de LTD y LTI. No se han encontrado empeoramientos en la memoria ipsilateral a la intervención, es decir, en la memoria verbal de los pacientes sometidos a LTI y en la memoria visual de las LTD. Respecto a la memoria contralateral, es decir, la memoria visual de los pacientes sometidos a LTI y la memoria verbal de los pacientes con LTD, los análisis de todo el grupo mediante ANOVA revelaron una mejora estadísticamente significativa. En cambio, los análisis realizados a cada grupo (LTI y LTD) no mostraron cambios estadísticamente significativos (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Memória , Lobectomia Temporal Anterior , Aprendizagem Verbal , Lobo Temporal , Resultado do Tratamento , Transtornos da Memória , Desempenho Psicomotor , Dominância Cerebral , Escolaridade , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Testes Neuropsicológicos
10.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 14(3): 345-370, jul. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-15649

RESUMO

El consumo crónico de diversas drogas (cannabis, heroína, estimulantes) ha sido consistentemente asociado a la presencia de deterioros neuropsicológicos en un amplio espectro de funciones, principalmente: memoria, aprendizaje, atención, concentración y razonamiento. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la investigación neuropsicológica relacionada con el abuso de sustancias, apoyada en la aparición de tecnologías de nueva generación (neuroimagen funcional, análisis de metabolitos) se ha focalizado en el estudio de posibles alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas de los lóbulos prefrontales de la corteza, así como su influencia sobre la personalidad, cogniciones y conductas del drogodependiente. El objetivo de nuestra revisión es, por una parte, repasar los principales deterioros neuropsicológicos constatados por los estudios clásicos, así como estos nuevos hallazgos en funciones ejecutivas (planificación, toma de decisiones, control de impulsos), y por otra parte, dado que el estatus neuropsicológico parece tener un papel mediador sobre los resultados del tratamiento, analizar la utilidad e impacto de estos deterioros sobre la práctica clínica con sujetos drogodependientes, considerando factores de especial relevancia, como la potencial reversibilidad de los déficits, la comorbilidad con trastornos de la personalidad y del estado de ánimo y la existencia de anosognosia y déficits específicos de impulsividad. Resaltamos, asimismo, la conveniencia de intervenir específicamente sobre aquellas funciones más directamente asociadas al funcionamiento diario de los drogodependientes, a su perseveración en el consumo y al alto riesgo de recaídas, que podrían ser explicados, al menos parcialmente, por la existencia de alteraciones ejecutivas (AU)


Chronic consumption of several drugs of abuse (cannabis, heroin, stimulants) has been clearly associated with the presence of neuropsychological impairments in a wide range of functions, mainly: memory, learning, attention, concentration and reasoning. Nevertheless, in the last years, neuropsychological research related to substance abuse, supported by the development of new technologies (functional neuroimaging, metabolite studies) has been focused on the study of possible impairments in the executive functions localized in the cortex prefrontal lobes, and their influence on the substance abuser’s personality, cognitions and behaviours. The objective of our review is, first, to summarize the main neuropsychological impairments showed by classic studies and these new discoveries in executive functions, and second, to consider the mediating role of neuropsychological status on treatment outcomes, analyse the usefulness and impact of these impairments on clinical practice with drug addicts, taking into account such particularly relevant factors as the potential recoverability of the impairments, the co-morbidity with personality and mood disorders and the existence of unawareness and specific alterations in impulsivity. We also highlight the convenience of intervening specifically in those functions more relevant to the abuser’s ordinary life, his persistence in consumption and the high risk of relapse that could be explained, at least partially, as resulting from the executive impairment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/induzido quimicamente
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