RESUMO
A new fluorescein derivative with ON/OFF features, 9-[1-(4-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenyl)]-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-one (Granada Green, GG), was designed and synthesised. The new dye has spectral characteristics similar to those of other xanthenic derivatives but shows a higher pK(a) value for the equilibrium between its neutral and anionic forms. In addition, GG undergoes the same phosphate-mediated excited state proton transfer (ESPT) reaction as other xanthenic derivatives, giving rise to fluorescence decay traces that are dependent on both the phosphate concentration and pH of the medium. The phosphate-mediated ESPT reaction was employed to detect changes in the phosphate concentrations in live, permeabilised MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts at pH 7.35. Its high pK(a) value indicates that this new dye is more sensitive as an intracellular phosphate sensor than other previously tested dyes, as experimentally demonstrated by its ability to detect a wider range of phosphate concentrations in biomimetic media and by the increased ratio of the phosphate concentration/decay time.
Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Fosfatos/análise , Xantenos/química , Células 3T3 , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Corantes Fluorescentes/síntese química , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Teoria Quântica , Xantenos/síntese químicaRESUMO
A traumatic rupture of the diaphragm, with herniation of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity, is relatively rare, being observed in approximately 3-7% of all abdominal or thoracic traumas [1]. Herniation into the pericardium is very rare [2]. We have reviewed the post-traumatic intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernias (TIPDH) published in the world literature within our reach and, as it was already stated in the review carried out by Van Loenhout et al. [3] in 1986, approximately one post-traumatic intrapericardial hernia is reported every year. The patient that we present makes case 82 of those published until October of 1999.
