Marginalization and fluorosis its relationship with dental caries in rural children in Mexico: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the association between marginalization and fluorosis with caries experience in Mexican rural children aged 8-12, in Oaxaca, Mexico. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 283 rural schoolchildren selected from two locations with high and medium levels of marginalization where the water fluoride concentration ranged from 2.0 to 2.5 ppm/F. Caries was evaluated using the DMFT index and dental fluorosis with the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). Socioeconomic data were collected from participants' parents, with data on the children's characteristics collected from them via a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 72.4% (DMFT ≥1) in the permanent dentition. The prevalence of fluorosis was 98.0% (TFI ≥4=71.4%). 54.8% of the children brushed their teeth two or more times daily. In logistic regression children living in high levels of marginalization were more likely to present caries (OR=2.11, 95% CI 1.13 - 3.93) than children living in medium levels. Children with severe fluorosis (TFI ≥4) (OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.06 - 3.53) were more likely have caries than those with TFI ⟨3. CONCLUSION: Rural children with a high level of marginalization and fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were more likely to present caries. Poor oral hygiene and low dental service levels were found in both marginalized areas. Populations with medium/high marginalization are more susceptible to caries.

An inverse relationship between obesity and dental caries in Mexican schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between caries experience and obesity in Mexican schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study was conducted on 522 schoolchildren selected from public schools. The prevalence of caries was evaluated by applying the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and ascertaining the subjects' dental caries experience from the mean DMFT value. Socio-economic data were collected from the parents, with data on the children's characteristics collected from them via a questionnaire. Their weight and height were then measured and used to calculate their body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score, which was then adjusted by age and sex. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 79.9% (DMFT≥1) in permanent dentition. Of all children, 47.5% of them brushed their teeth two or more times per day, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.1% and 17.6%, respectively. The logistic regression model showed that children with obesity (a >2 Z-score on the BMI-for-age growth chart) were less likely to have dental caries (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.31-0.89]; P = 0.017) than children without obesity, with schoolchildren who consume more sweets per day (OR = 1.65 [95% CI: 1.03-2.62]; P = 0.035) more likely to present caries than schoolchildren who consume fewer sweets per day. CONCLUSION: Children with obesity are less likely to present dental caries. Comprehensive strategies aimed at risk factors can be useful in controlling nutritional status and improving oral health.

Comparison of the osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and cementogenic differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells cultured on different biomaterials.

It has been shown that the cellular responses such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation are influenced by the surface properties, such as the topography or the surface energy. However, less is known about the effect of the chemical composition and type of material on the differentiation potential. The objective of the present paper is to compare the differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts and cementoblasts of three type of materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) without using any biological induction media, but keeping the average roughness values within a limited range of 2.0-3.0µm. The samples were produced as discs of 14×2mm; (n=30 for each type of material). Two samples of each type were chosen; stainless-steel 316L and commercially pure titanium for the metallic samples. The polymers were polymethyl methacrylate and high-density polyethylene, and finally for the ceramics; zirconia and dental porcelain were used. The surfaces properties of the samples (wettability, chemical composition and point of zero charge, PZC) were measured in order to correlate them with the biological response. To evaluate the potential of differentiation, human periodontal ligament cells obtained from extracted teeth were used since they are a promising source for periodontal tissue regeneration. Cell proliferation was initially tested to assure non-toxic effects using a viability colorimetric assay. Finally, the differentiation pattern was evaluated using real time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 5, 10 and 15days without adding any induction medium. The results indicated that the relative expression of genes related to a particular phenotype were different for each surface. However, not clear correlation between the type of material or their surface properties (morphology, chemical composition, wettability or point of zero charge) and the expression pattern could be identified. For example, bone markers were mainly expressed on cpTi and PMMA; one metallic hydrophobic and one polymeric hydrophilic sample which have similar Ra values but presented different topographical features, although both samples have in common a PZC below 7.

O uso da bromoergocriptina no tratamento da infertilidade. / The use of bromoergocriptine in the treatment of infertility

Sessenta pacientes inferteis e hiperprolactinemicas tratadas pela bromoergocriptina foram estudadas em dois grupos um de 35 pacientes, que engravidaram durante ou nas quatro primeiras semanas apos o termino do tratamento, e outro de 25 pacientes, que engravidaram entre cinco e 70 semanas apos o termino do tratamento. O primeiro grupo era composto de seis pacientes com ciclo ovulatorio normal, 10 com ciclo anovulatorio, das quais cinco com ovarios policisticos, e 19 com ciclo ovulatorio mas com deficiencia secretora de progesterona ou estrogenios. O segundo grupo era composto de uma paciente com ciclo ovulatorio normal, cinco com ciclo anovulatorio, das quais duas com ovarios policisticos, e 19 com deficiencia secretora ou de estrongenios. Nois dois grupos a posologia utilizada da bromoergocriptina unica terapeutica instituida, variou entre 2,5 e 7,5mg por dia, de acordo com o necessario para reduzir os niveis de prolactina. As gestacoes do total das pacientes assim evoluiram: 50% , ate o termo; 8,5% terminaram em parto prematuro; 8,5%, em abortamento: ha 33% em evolucao. Nenhuma gravidez ectopica foi registrada

Recessive aplasia cutis congenita of the limbs.

Six inbred persons (five males and one female) in three generations of a single family are reported as having simple congenital absence of skin on the upper or lower limbs or both. The data suggest an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance for this apparently new clinical entity.

Inclusion of satellites in an 18/21 translocation chromosome shown by ammonical-silver staining (sat-banding) in case of partial trisomy 18.

A male infant with a partial trisomy 18 and a 46,XY, --21, t(18;21)(18qter replaced by 18q12::21 p13 replaced by 21 qter) chromosome complement is described. The translocation chromosome is of special interest because it includes the satellites of chromosome 21. This was shown by differential satellite staining with the ammoniacal-silver technique.

Partial monosomy and partial trisomy 18 in two offspring of carrier of pericentric inversion of chromosome 18.

A pericentric inversion of chromosome 18 is described in the mother of a patient with clinical diagnosis of 18q--syndrome. The propositus' chromosome complement includes the recombinant 18 with deficiency of the distal one-third of the long arm and duplication of the terminal segment of the short arm. The propositus' sister carrier the recombinant 18 with a duplication of the distal one-third of the long arm and a deficiency of the terminal segment of the short arm. The relative length of the inverted segment represents about 60% of the total chromosome 18 length. The probability of recombinant formation following the occurrence of a chiasma within the inverted segment is predicted to be high.

[Leber's disease. Genetic study of a family]. / Doença de Leber. Estudo genetico de uma familia

In this paper it is done the genetic study of a large family that segregates the hereditary optical atrophy gene. The modality of the hereditary transmission is the sex-linked recessive form (Leber's form). Five generations were studied, with a total of 134 individuals. Thirteen are affected (12 men: 1 woman). The study of the heredogram allows the observation of the high occurrence of women carriers and the affected men with descendents (2 married men in the heredogram) exhibit normal offspring (22 individuals, being 16 men and 6 women). One affected woman carrier is also observed. Such observations are in accordance with the literature. This study allows one to conclude by the high importance of genetic counselling, considering that the normal women carriers, which occur in great number, segregate the gene to individuals who will manifest the atrophy.

Studies of the thyroid function in children with Down's syndrome.

The thyroid function (T-3 triiodothyronine; T-4 tetraiodothyronine and the captation of the I131 through the thyroid, in 2 and 24 hours after the intake of isotope radium), was studied in patients with Down's syndrome and the results being compared to those obtained from the respective siblings, all clinically normal. The comparative results showed no significant differences, except in the 2 hours captation of the I131 through the thyroid (P smaller than 0.01). The findings suggest that the hypothalamus-hypophysary or the response of the thyroid gland would be slow, but compensated when analyzed after 24 hours.